Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-18T11:34:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Mendes Caixeta.pdf: 785411 bytes, checksum: f4bbe4be3a10f869d552f1f0a3f45120 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T11:34:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Mendes Caixeta.pdf: 785411 bytes, checksum: f4bbe4be3a10f869d552f1f0a3f45120 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / Human rights have been universally declared by important documents and international treaties, constitutionally guaranteed by several countries, in order to ensure the life, liberty, dignity of all people. Based on the human being, these rights were considered universal, inalienable, irrefutable. However, the political crises of the beginning of the twentieth century, such as world wars, nationalist conflicts, totalitarian governments, concentration camps, questioned the claim to the universality of human rights. Although they were affirmed as universal postulate for all mankind, many people and several social groups, like stateless persons and refugees, were totally deprived of fundamental guarantees, they were excluded from society. Thereupon, it is necessary to take a critical and sharp look at discourses involving the universality of these rights, to overcome a naive or idealized approach, and to consider how these rights were placed in a terrible paradox, revealing contradictions and exceptions. This research seeks to do a critical study about the claim to the universality of human rights, presenting and understanding the meaning of paradoxes and exclusions. The main question that inspires this work is: why are human rights, universally declared, denied on many occasions to many people and several social groups? The first approach discusses the paradoxes of universality contained in universal declarations, like the documents of 1789 and 1948. Another approach considers the problem of contradictions related to State, the sovereign, who declares and ensures rights, but also decides on cases of exception. This comment also highlights the situation of subjects who are excluded from society, and it analyzes paradoxes related to citizenship. The category of stateless persons emerges, they are rejected by society, excluded by State, deprived of all rights. Thereby, there is an intension to contribute to the dialogue on human rights, considering, mainly, people who are being excluded every day / Os direitos humanos foram declarados de forma universal por importantes documentos e tratados internacionais, garantidos constitucionalmente por vários países, a fim de assegurar a vida, a liberdade, a dignidade a todas as pessoas. Fundamentados no próprio ser humano, esses direitos foram considerados universais, inalienáveis, irrenunciáveis. No entanto, as crises políticas da primeira metade do século XX, como as guerras mundiais, os conflitos e querelas nacionalistas, os governos totalitários, os campos de concentração, questionaram a pretensão à universalidade dos direitos humanos. Embora tenham sido afirmados como um postulado universal para toda a humanidade, muitas pessoas e diversos grupos sociais, como apátridas e refugiados, foram totalmente privados das garantias e liberdades fundamentais, excluídos da sociedade. Diante disso, é preciso ter um olhar crítico e aguçado sobre os discursos envolvendo a universalidade desses direitos, superando uma abordagem ingênua ou idealizada, para considerar como esses direitos foram colocados num terrível paradoxo, revelando contradições e exceções. A presente pesquisa busca elaborar um estudo crítico sobre a pretensão à universalidade dos direitos humanos, apresentando e compreendendo o significado dos paradoxos e das exclusões. A principal pergunta que inspira este estudo é colocada da seguinte maneira: por que os direitos humanos, declarados de forma universal, são negados, em várias ocasiões, a muitas pessoas e diversos grupos sociais? Uma primeira crítica discute os paradoxos da universalidade contidos nas próprias declarações universais, como nos documentos de 1789 e 1948. Outra abordagem crítica considera o problema das contradições relacionadas ao Estado, o soberano, que afirma e garante tais direitos, mas também decide sobre os casos de exceção. Também se elucida a situação dos sujeitos que são excluídos da sociedade, analisando os paradoxos referentes à cidadania. Surge a categoria das pessoas apátridas, rejeitadas pela sociedade, excluídas pelo Estado, privadas de todos seus direitos. Com isso, pretende-se contribuir com o diálogo sobre os direitos humanos, considerando, principalmente, as pessoas que são cotidianamente excluídas

Pesquisando boletins de ocorrências lavrados entre os anos de 1912 e 1920 que ao contrário da maioria dos documentos oficiais do período, informam a cor e a ocupação - e comparando-os com o Recenseamento Geral do Brasil de 1872, constatou-se que diversos trabalhos exercidos por escravos não se mantiveram como ocupação de ex-escravos ou seus descendentes na segunda década do século XX. Analisando as formulações acadêmicas produzidas a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, que abordavam as relações raciais no Brasil e orientaram a transição do trabalho escravo para o trabalho livre; estudando a legislação do período, as ações governamentais e de grandes empresários para favorecer a imigração e as preferências étnicas dos empregadores, podemos perceber que a substancial diminuição de negros no mercado de trabalho foi conseqüência daquele conjunto de elaborações e ações. A exclusão do trabalho, da terra e a dificuldade no acesso a educação levou os negros à marginalização social e política, imprimindo a Republica e ao capitalismo brasileiro, que se afirmaram ao longo do século XX, a marca da discriminação racial e da construção de uma ideologia que a justificava: o racismo. Assim, impedidos pelos mecanismos de discriminação racial, foram infrutíferas as tentativas de inclusão e ascensão social dos descendentes de escravos. Além disso, a condição marginal a que foram relegados imprimia legitimidade a argumentação ideológica que creditava a eles a responsabilidade por sua exclusão e, por conseguinte, reforçava a marginalização a que foram submetidos. / Searching occurrences reports tilled between the years 1912 and 1920 - which unlike most of the official documents of the period, inform the color and occupation - and comparing them to the General Census of Brazil in 1872, it was found that many jobs held by slaves did not remain as occupation of former slaves or their descendants in the second decade of the twentieth century. Analyzing the academic formulations produced from the second half of the nineteenth century, which approached the racial relations in Brazil and guided the transition from slave to free labor, studying the law of the period, the governmental actions and business leaders to favor immigration and ethnic preferences of employers, we realize that this substantial decline of black people in the labor market was a consequence of that set of actions and elaborations. The exclusion of labor, land and the difficulty in accessing to education led black people to social and political marginalization, printing the Republic and the Brazilian capitalism, it said throughout the twentieth century, the brand of racial discrimination and the construction of an ideology the justification: racism. So prevented by the mechanisms of racial discrimination, were unsuccessful attempts to inclusion and social advancement of the descendants of slaves. Furthermore, the marginal condition that were relegated printed legitimacy ideological argumentation that credited them responsibility for their exclusion and therefore reinforced the marginalization they have undergone.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Victor Otavio Carvalho Marques.pdf: 4590420 bytes, checksum: ff028f0c56dac2ab04dee666e2e312ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present work aims to analyze the way that the British punk rock from the 1980‟s be part of our culture. Its intent is embrace a marginal cultural process through and from disposed phonographic elements. It is urgent this discussion by this cover possible composites to the observation of our mediatic, especially in music, on the end of the XX century, that the changes, mostly technical, progress faster. We contrast, as a hypothesis, that this subscription to the margins of culture is descendant of choices of each group analyzed here made instead of fame, figuring another relationship with the cultural development previewed by Iuri Lótman. Therefore, we embraced theoretical apparatus divided in two big parts: studies about the voice and its insertion in cultural series that it makes part and different cultural studies. We jut, here, the figures of Paul Zumthor, the aforementioned Iuri Lótman, Jesús Martín-Barbero, Walter Benjamin, Giorgio Agamben and Jerusa Pires Ferreira. The conclusion we point is a change of all the musical production scheme nowadays, this market having known radical changes and counter devices tacit for the undergrounds created by pun rock / O presente trabalho visa analisar a maneira pela qual o punk rock britânico da década de 1980 se insere em nossa cultura. Seu objetivo é enfocar um processo cultural marginal através e a partir de elementos dispostos em materiais fonográficos. Faz-se urgente tal discussão por esta abarcar compósitos possíveis para observar nossa construção mediática, sobretudo musical, em fins do século XX, cujas mudanças, principalmente de ordem técnica, avançavam velozmente. Destacamos, como hipótese, que essa adesão às margens da cultura seja proveniente de escolhas que cada um dos grupos aqui analisados fez em detrimento da fama, figurando uma relação diferente com o desenvolvimento cultural das fronteiras, formulação prevista sobretudo por Iuri Lótman. Para tanto, munimo-nos de aparatos teóricos que se dividem em duas grandes frentes: estudos da voz e da cultura. Ressaltamos aqui as figuras de Paul Zumthor, o já mencionado Iuri Lótman, Jesús Martín-Barbero, Walter Benjamin, Giorgio Agamben e Jerusa Pires Ferreira, que integram todos os passos deste texto. A conclusão que apontamos é haver uma mudança em todo o esquema de produção musical nos dias de hoje, tendo este mercado conhecido alterações radicais e contradispositivos tácitos vigentes nos undergrounds edificados pelo punk rock

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2009 Jun 15

This dissertation examines the ways in which non-urban spaces were approached as objects of knowledge in Argentine and Brazilian essays, chronicles, and films in the 1960s. It is comprised of three case-studies. The first traces the role of spatial coordinates in 1960s' political imagination, reconstructed through programmes for economic modernization (developmentalist agendas and the Doctrine of National Security), through Frantz Fanon's thirdworldist understanding of political organization, and through Gunder Frank's version of Dependency theory. The second study centers upon Brazil's rural Northeast as evoked in Antônio Callado's chronicles and economist Celso Furtado's memoirs, that both simultaneously took up and challenged the terms by which developmentalism's mainly technical modernization sought to legitimate itself. The third case-study begins with the national horizon envisaged for Argentina by economist Rogelio Frigerio's apology of industrialization as an agent of social homogenization. This horizon is then contrasted with two investigations on marginal spaces: Fernando Birri's documentary film "Tire dié" and Roberto Carri's essay in which, by defining a new space, the "area of colonial capitalism," Carri brings to the fore novel forms of political action. I situate each case-study at a crossroads between developmentalist hopes and blossoming liberation movements, demonstrating how each resignifies differently national and transnational coordinates. Critical theories of space, as well as intellectual history and discourse analysis constitute my readings' methodological base, guiding my analyses of aspects that are often overlooked in studies of 1960s culture, particularly as regards the constitution of militant subjectivities and trajectories. Inspired by David Harvey and Henri Lefebvre's theories and methods, I detect the constant presence of a technified prism in the spatial imagination of modernization, be it social or economic. I argue that the descriptive activity by which these marginal spaces are produced as objects of knowledge is also poetic as it approaches these decaying spaces from the vantage of a present defined by hopes in technical modernization as an agent of progress. As such, this descriptive and poetic activity amounts to a complex political intervention that articulates such spaces in function of specific temporalities and rhythms, rethinking critically their relation to imperialism and to capitalist modernization. / Dissertation

This thesis is about the use of the term social exclusion in contemporary Scotland and how it has given rise to the idea of 'excluded spaces' in political and academic commentaries on deprived neighbourhoods. It argues that, despite criticism, the term offers a useful way of re-assessing disadvantaged places, such that space (for example, in the guise of socio-spatial segregation) should be considered not only an outcome but also an input into processes of exclusion. This is illustrated through exploration of the reproduction of the frequently negative place-images surrounding two deprived neighbourhoods in urban Scotland. The thesis explores how such representation may stigmatise residents therein, ultimately resulting in the production of landscapes of exclusion. Use of a range of qualitative methods (though primarily biographical interviews) demonstrates how negative place-images are constructed and remain resilient to change while also revealing the concrete outcomes of such 'imagined' geographies. Overall, the thesis makes three main points. First, that the construction of 'imagined' and 'real' places are fluid and dynamic processes and differences between 'images' and 'realities' of places are neither as clear cut, nor as 'true' or 'inaccurate' as might be assumed. Second, that 'real' and 'imagined' representations of place are reproduced through practices in, and attitudes towards, place. And third, that migration processes are influenced by, and influential to, the construction of social and place identities. Construction of socio-spatial stereotypes reveals space to be both an outcome and input into processes of exclusion while also demonstrating how many of the taken-for-granted assumptions about disadvantaged neighbourhoods might be considered place-myths.

La tesi individua come fine ultimo quello di comprendere quale ruolo può svolgere il turismo nel favorire lo sviluppo socio-economico in aree che presentano elementi di marginalità. Si intende quindi verificare se e a quali condizioni la promozione di programmi/progetti di sviluppo incentrati sull’aumento dei flussi turistici possa migliorare il grado di integrazione orizzontale e verticale dei sistemi locali e favorire l’innesco di processi di auto-scoperta e auto-organizzazione. In seconda battuta la tesi individua alcuni obiettivi di carattere metodologico: (i) si intende in primo luogo migliorare l’impianto metodologico per l’analisi delle capacità auto-organizzative dei territori, messo a punto nell’ambito delle ricerche sui sistemi locali territoriali (modello SLoT); (ii) in secondo luogo si vuole verificare se e in che modo attraverso la ricerca-azione sia possibile ottenere risultati sia sul piano dell’avanzamento teorico e metodologico che sul piano della promozione dello sviluppo. L’impianto della tesi è articolato in sette capitoli: il capitolo 1, 2 e 3 compongono il quadro concettuale che struttura l’impianto della ricerca; il capitolo 4 descrive e analizza l’impianto metodologico che sottende al lavoro di ricerca empirico; capitoli 5, 6 e 7 sono dedicati all’analisi empirica; le conclusioni riprendono i diversi focus tematici, rispondendo alle domande di ricerca. / The final aim of the thesis is to understand which role can tourism play in furthering the socio-economic development in areas presenting elements of marginality. The aim is also to verify whether and under which conditions the promotion of development programs/projects focused on increasing tourism flows can improve the degree of horizontal and vertical integration of local systems and facilitate the development of self-discovery and self-organization processes. Subsequently, the thesis identifies some methodological objectives: (i) to improve the methodological framework for the analysis of self-organizing capacity of places, developed within the researches conducted on Local Territorial Systems (Slot model), (ii) to verify if and how is it possible through action-research to obtain results both in terms of theoretical and methodological progress and in terms of development promotion. The layout of the thesis is divided into seven chapters: chapter 1, 2 and 3 make up the conceptual framework that structures the research; chapter 4 describes and analyzes the methodological framework underlying the work, chapters 5, 6 and 7 are devoted to the empirical analysis; conclusions summarize the main arguments of the thesis, answering the research questions.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 2007. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 270-274).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pardee Rand Graduate School, 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed on June 13, 2008). Includes bibliographical references.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-32).