In this research paper for the postgraduate degree of Master of Arts (Hons) (Visual Arts), the author is proposing to investigate the relationship of Nietzsche's division of culture into two principal strains, 'The Apollonian and the Dionysiac', and its application to the art of painting. When Nietzsche wrote the 'Birth of Tragedy' in 1872, from which his division of culture emerged, it was entitled 'The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music'. Young (1992), also describes music as 'The Dionysian art' in his book 'Nietzsche's Philosophy of Art'. With consideration to changes in art and perception between the latter nineteenth and the twentieth century, a stronger argument for the inclusion of painting as 'a Dionysian art', can be formed. The author also analyses the metaphysical in art and through an examination of the nature of the Dionysiac as described in religious rites as opposed to varying analysis from Nitzsche and his critics / Master of Arts (Hons) (Visual Arts)

France played a leading role in the European Enlightenment, influencing other European countries in their thinking and development of philosophical ideas based on the emerging ideals of liberté, égalité and fraternité. Among the many topics alive in intellectual circles at the time, a debate about the education of females peaked in the 18th century, and it is not surprising that it was a Frenchman, François Fénelon, who drew attention first through his Traité de l'éducation des filles (1687) to the lack of education for females. His countrywoman Madame de Lambert extended his argument in her Avis d’une mère à sa fille (1688-1692, published 1728), a lengthy essay addressed to her daughter justifying the importance and describing the nature of female education. A half century later in Germany, Sophie von La Roche published her Briefe an Lina: Ein Buch für junge Frauenzimmer[,] die ihr Herz und ihren Verstand bilden wollen in her weekly paper Pomona für Teutschlands Töchter (1783/84). In these letters, collected and published in book form in 1807, she described the principles of a program of education for women which would lead to a happy life. Both of these female writers were exceptions in their time and fought to establish the position of women as educated and valued members of society. This thesis contextualizes and examines their writings to answer the question to what degree they contributed to a progressive step in the education of women at the time and the cultivation of educated and critical thinking in the next female generation. Hippolyte Taine’s sociological method assumes that literature can be analyzed through its author’s life on the basis of the three key concepts, race, milieu, and moment. After applying these concepts to the life of Madame de Lambert and Sophie von La Roche through historical background and sociological analysis, a close textual examination of the two central texts proceeds with these points of emphasis in each woman’s case: biographical background and social role determination (Frauenbild und Bestimmung der Frau); accommodation to the notion of ‘pleasing’ society, the males especially, and instilling happiness in others and themselves (Gefallen und Glück); and the education and erudition of women (Bildung und Gelehrsamkeit). Their contributions to these areas of active life and intellectual debate illustrate to some extent a personal adaptation to the conventions and standards of the era, but more importantly, beyond that, a breakout from traditional ideas and practices. In sum, Madame de Lambert is seen as a pioneer in the philosophical evaluation of the intellectual strength of women, and Sophie von La Roche, as a German counterpart with an emphasis on their practical enlightened education. The comparative analysis also reveals important sociological differences between Germany and France in the 18th century with regard to the subject of female education.

France played a leading role in the European Enlightenment, influencing other European countries in their thinking and development of philosophical ideas based on the emerging ideals of liberté, égalité and fraternité. Among the many topics alive in intellectual circles at the time, a debate about the education of females peaked in the 18th century, and it is not surprising that it was a Frenchman, François Fénelon, who drew attention first through his Traité de l'éducation des filles (1687) to the lack of education for females. His countrywoman Madame de Lambert extended his argument in her Avis d’une mère à sa fille (1688-1692, published 1728), a lengthy essay addressed to her daughter justifying the importance and describing the nature of female education. A half century later in Germany, Sophie von La Roche published her Briefe an Lina: Ein Buch für junge Frauenzimmer[,] die ihr Herz und ihren Verstand bilden wollen in her weekly paper Pomona für Teutschlands Töchter (1783/84). In these letters, collected and published in book form in 1807, she described the principles of a program of education for women which would lead to a happy life. Both of these female writers were exceptions in their time and fought to establish the position of women as educated and valued members of society. This thesis contextualizes and examines their writings to answer the question to what degree they contributed to a progressive step in the education of women at the time and the cultivation of educated and critical thinking in the next female generation. Hippolyte Taine’s sociological method assumes that literature can be analyzed through its author’s life on the basis of the three key concepts, race, milieu, and moment. After applying these concepts to the life of Madame de Lambert and Sophie von La Roche through historical background and sociological analysis, a close textual examination of the two central texts proceeds with these points of emphasis in each woman’s case: biographical background and social role determination (Frauenbild und Bestimmung der Frau); accommodation to the notion of ‘pleasing’ society, the males especially, and instilling happiness in others and themselves (Gefallen und Glück); and the education and erudition of women (Bildung und Gelehrsamkeit). Their contributions to these areas of active life and intellectual debate illustrate to some extent a personal adaptation to the conventions and standards of the era, but more importantly, beyond that, a breakout from traditional ideas and practices. In sum, Madame de Lambert is seen as a pioneer in the philosophical evaluation of the intellectual strength of women, and Sophie von La Roche, as a German counterpart with an emphasis on their practical enlightened education. The comparative analysis also reveals important sociological differences between Germany and France in the 18th century with regard to the subject of female education.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-22T19:17:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Olivia Dias2.pdf: 7958204 bytes, checksum: 06cde82657a4139e0987aa6b24317b5a (MD5) Dissertacao Olivia Dias 1.pdf: 7879098 bytes, checksum: 3c374b60ba42bf1dea0b2bffc05adf28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-11T15:38:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Olivia Dias2.pdf: 7958204 bytes, checksum: 06cde82657a4139e0987aa6b24317b5a (MD5) Dissertacao Olivia Dias 1.pdf: 7879098 bytes, checksum: 3c374b60ba42bf1dea0b2bffc05adf28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-11T15:38:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao Olivia Dias2.pdf: 7958204 bytes, checksum: 06cde82657a4139e0987aa6b24317b5a (MD5) Dissertacao Olivia Dias 1.pdf: 7879098 bytes, checksum: 3c374b60ba42bf1dea0b2bffc05adf28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O estudo analisa as viagens enquanto fenômeno social que obteve expressivo crescimento no mundo ocidental, sobretudo, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. A pesquisa teve como objetivos compreender as motivações das viagens realizadas por diversos estrangeiros que estiveram no Brasil e passaram pela Bahia no período; identificar e analisar o estabelecimento de serviços de hospedagem, alimentação e lazer, viabilizado devido à permanência temporária desses personagens em terras baianas. Constatei que a interface entre viagens, serviços e atrativos possibilitou que a cidade do Salvador se constituísse em núcleo receptor de visitantes das mais variadas nacionalidades. A presença desses atores sociais levou à formação e consolidação de novas atividades comerciais, voltadas para atendê-los. Essa dinâmica exerceu influência na intensificação e reconfiguração das representações do lugar, promovendo novas formas de ver e interagir com o outro. / Salvador

This study examines the moral regulation of the Swedish-speaking Martha Organization in Finland during the 1930’s, from two aspects; the construction of the ideal female citizen and the mobilization of minority nationalistic identity. The ideal female citizen was supposed to develop traits such as work ethics, piety, compassion, motherly care and peacefulness. The ideal female citizen should also encourage temperance, thus the sobriety of men was viewed as a womanly responsibility. Due to mothers’ decisive impact on the moral health of the youth, the Martha Organization aimed at shaping the attitudes of the members. Women’s roles as mothers and housewives prepared them for citizenship, since women had the same duties in society as they had in the household. During the 1930’s Finland was marked by the pragmatic gender order of the agrarian society, even though the modern gender order of industrial society gradually grew in importance. The Martha Organization aimed at mobilizing minority nationalistic identity, as well as encouraging binational Finnish patriotism amongst its members. This survey analyses the mobilization of the Swedish-speaking minority nationalistic identity in general, as well as the particular minority nationalistic identity of Åland. These mobilization processes took place in relation to each other, accordingly they were similar in nature. The public sphere was understood as a continuation of the private one in the Martha ideology. Consequently, the love of the home and the fatherland were important values for both these minorities. The Swedish-speaking minorities shared the love of freedom, Western rationality and mother tongue, as well as the notion of being a national elite. The minority nationalistic identity of Åland resembled that of Swedish-speaking Finland. Even so, minority nationalism on Åland was built around a self-image of being an unique ethnicity, while underlining the close cultural connections to Sweden. Apart from the years around the implementation of Åland’s autonomous status in 1922, the minority nationalistic identity of Åland has been neglected in previous research. The Finnish 1930’s were marked by conflicts between the Finnish-speaking majority and the Swedish-speaking minority, clashes that never reached Åland. The language question was practical in nature — especially on Åland, where the population hardly spoke Finnish — but even so, it was framed in ideological terms. Thanks to the Martha ideology, gaps between the Finnish-speaking members and their Swedish-speaking counterparts could be bridged, as well as those between Åland and the rest of Swedish-speaking Finland.

The thesis depicts life of the parish in Třešť in the second half of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. The emphasis is placed on nuns of the Congregation of the Poor School Sisters de Notre Dame who worked in Třešť from 1885 till 1946. This thesis is further focused on pastors from Třešť and also on local churches and their economic background. Finally, there are also described changes in conditions of the parish, especially after 1918. To elaborate this thesis both sources of the Diocesan Archive of the Bishopric of Brno in Rajhrad and of the State District Archive Jihlava were perused. Documents provided by the Archive of the Congregation of the Poor School Sisters de Notre Dame in Hradec Králové also meant a valuable contribution to this thesis. The aim of the thesis is to disclose so far unknown or non-compiled history of the parish in Třešť.

Percevoir signifie recevoir une information, la prendre en compte, la confronter aux données de notre mémoire et la traiter selon nos modes de raisonnement puis tirer de l’image ainsi formée une conséquence c’est-à-dire un acte. Pour approcher la perception de l’islam par les élites françaises entre 1830 et 1914 nous avons donc dans un premier Livre fait une compilation des présentations que les élites dites « d’érudition » : historiens, écrivains, religieux, linguistes, philologues, artistes, faisaient de l’islam ; des données qu’ils pouvaient recevoir de leur mémoire puisque l’on glosait sur l’islam depuis Pierre le Vénérable ; et des modes de raisonnement qui caractérisaient l’époque en étudiant l’évolution du sens des concepts de civilisation, de race, d’économie politique. Nous avons ensuite, dans un deuxième Livre essayé de comprendre comment et pourquoi l’image ainsi formée avait abouti à la colonisation de terres islamiques par des hommes politiques, leurs conseillers, leurs soutiens, des officiers, des industriels, des financiers, et des administrateurs. Enfin, dans un troisième Livre, nous avons tenté de suivre jusqu’à nos jours les jugements portés sur ces travaux orientalistes. Il nous semble que le traitement d’une image, au départ volontairement tronquée, par des hommes persuadés que les techniques - balbutiantes - des sciences de la nature pouvaient être appliquées aux sciences humaines a conduit à une incompréhension de deux mondes. / Perceiving means to receive an information, to take it into account, to compare this information with the data from our memory, to process it according to our ways of thinking and then to pull from the image thus formed a consequence, that is to say: an act. To approach the perception of Islam by the French elites between 1830 and 1914, we initially, in our first book, made a compilation of presentations that "scholarship" elites - historians, writers, religious, linguists, philologists, artists - made of Islam; of the data they could receive from their memory, since we talked about Islam since Peter the Venerable; and of these ways of thinking that characterized the era by studying the evolution of the meaning of concepts like civilization, race, and political economy. We then, in a second book attempted to understand how and why the thus formed image had resulted in the colonization of Islamic lands by politicians, their advisors, their supporters, officers, industrialists, investors and administrators. Finally, in a third book, we tried to follow to this day the judgements that are made about these orientalist works. It seems to us that the process of an image, deliberately, and from the beginning, truncated by men convinced that early techniques of natural science could be applied to human sciences has led to a misunderstanding of both worlds.

El objeto de esta investigación es el de contribuir al estudio de la Murcia bajomedieval bajo el aspecto de su actividad comercial.Se han analizado los protocolos notariales del Archivo Histórico de Protocolos y las Actas capitulares y Libros de mayordomo del Archivo Municipal, seleccionando cartas de obligación, fianza, poder, compromiso, cesión y traspasamiento, pago y finiquito comprendidas entre 1454 y 1500.Todo aplicado al ámbito del reino de Murcia y especialmente al concejo murciano.Este análisis nos llevará a conocer el siglo XV castellano, transición entre los tiempos medievales y modernos, considerándolo de desarrollo poblacional, lo que conllevará mayor necesidad de abastecimiento en todos los campos, que unido al potencial del territorio, permitirá el paso de una economía de subsistencia hacia otras formas de mercado más variadas, atrayendo gentes de fuera de nuestras fronteras, entre las que destaca una importante colonia italiana que ocupará el lugar de los judíos cuando estos sean expulsados.Junto a este comercio de mayor profundidad, convive el comercio detallista, siendo ferias y mercados el lugar de encuentro de cristianos, moros y judíos.En cuanto a la colección documental, se presenta la transcripción de los documentos, precedidos de un resumen de su contenido. / The objet of this investigation is to study, from a historical point of view, commerce in the Kingdom of Murcia during the period 1454 to 1500. Original sources.This analysis will lead us to become familiar with the Castilian fifteenth century, a transition between medieval and modern times.A rise in population can be seen that will allow the step from a subsistence economy towards other forms of more developed markets, attracting people from beyond ours borders, amongst which a substantial italian colony stands out.Collection of documents: a complete transcription of the docuemnts is included, preceded by summary of their contentes.

This dissertation examines the ways in which non-urban spaces were approached as objects of knowledge in Argentine and Brazilian essays, chronicles, and films in the 1960s. It is comprised of three case-studies. The first traces the role of spatial coordinates in 1960s' political imagination, reconstructed through programmes for economic modernization (developmentalist agendas and the Doctrine of National Security), through Frantz Fanon's thirdworldist understanding of political organization, and through Gunder Frank's version of Dependency theory. The second study centers upon Brazil's rural Northeast as evoked in Antônio Callado's chronicles and economist Celso Furtado's memoirs, that both simultaneously took up and challenged the terms by which developmentalism's mainly technical modernization sought to legitimate itself. The third case-study begins with the national horizon envisaged for Argentina by economist Rogelio Frigerio's apology of industrialization as an agent of social homogenization. This horizon is then contrasted with two investigations on marginal spaces: Fernando Birri's documentary film "Tire dié" and Roberto Carri's essay in which, by defining a new space, the "area of colonial capitalism," Carri brings to the fore novel forms of political action. I situate each case-study at a crossroads between developmentalist hopes and blossoming liberation movements, demonstrating how each resignifies differently national and transnational coordinates. Critical theories of space, as well as intellectual history and discourse analysis constitute my readings' methodological base, guiding my analyses of aspects that are often overlooked in studies of 1960s culture, particularly as regards the constitution of militant subjectivities and trajectories. Inspired by David Harvey and Henri Lefebvre's theories and methods, I detect the constant presence of a technified prism in the spatial imagination of modernization, be it social or economic. I argue that the descriptive activity by which these marginal spaces are produced as objects of knowledge is also poetic as it approaches these decaying spaces from the vantage of a present defined by hopes in technical modernization as an agent of progress. As such, this descriptive and poetic activity amounts to a complex political intervention that articulates such spaces in function of specific temporalities and rhythms, rethinking critically their relation to imperialism and to capitalist modernization. / Dissertation

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-08T15:13:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Maria das Graças Souza Teixeira.pdf: 35216212 bytes, checksum: 01a3ccf0aa8dcabde81ca22a52655c2a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-11-12T18:27:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Maria das Graças Souza Teixeira.pdf: 35216212 bytes, checksum: 01a3ccf0aa8dcabde81ca22a52655c2a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-12T18:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Maria das Graças Souza Teixeira.pdf: 35216212 bytes, checksum: 01a3ccf0aa8dcabde81ca22a52655c2a (MD5) / CAPES / A tese de doutorado intitulada Infância, sujeito brincante e práticas lúdicas no Brasil oitocentista aborda questões relativas à criança no seu universo lúdico, buscando discutir esse universo como o espaço privilegiado de relações sociais e o lugar em que a criança, como sujeito brincante, produz cultura e nesse processo participa da cultura geral. Por este caminho, busco discutir e desmistificar a idéia da criança como um indivíduo a ser modelado, reflexo do mundo do adulto, pois é no dia-a-dia que a criança se insere no mundo e constrói o seu próprio. Para tanto, trabalhamos com uma bibliografia especializada sobre infância, ludicidade e memória, além do arcabouço teórico-metodológico da história. As fontes foram identificadas, coletadas e trabalhadas em arquivos, museus e bibliotecas no Brasil e na Europa, além do uso da iconografia e da literatura dos viajantes que estiveram no Brasil no período estudado. Foi possível mapear o circuito de produção, distribuição e venda do brinquedo em diversos espaços na sociedade, além de evidenciar que a criança brinca e no seu brincar ela subverte a ordem estabelecida, cria novos objetos e dá vida a outros. Por fim, a criança é parte da história e se constitui em ator e sujeito de sua própria existência no Brasil oitocentista. The doctorate thesis entitled “Childhood, a player subject and ludic practices in Brazil during the 19th century” approaches questions related to the child in his/her ludic universe. This document is in search of discussing this universe as a privileged space of social relationships and the place where the child, as a player subject, produces culture and as a consequence of this process he/she actively participates in the general culture. In doing so, I am looking forward to discussing and to demystifying the idea of a child as an individual to be modeled, as a reflex of the adult's world, because it is in the day by day that the child interferes in the world and builds his/her own one. To achieve this, we have worked with a specialized bibliography about childhood, ludicity and memory, besides the theoretical-methodological outline of the history. The sources were identified, collected and worked at files, museums and libraries in Brazil and in Europe, besides the use of the iconography and of the travelers' literature that were in Brazil during the studied period. It was possible to map the production circuit, distribution and sale of the toys in several spaces in the society, besides evidencing that the child plays and in doing so he/she subverts the established order, creates new objects and gives life to other ones. Finally, the child is part of the history and is the actor and the object of his/her own existence in the Brazil of the 19th century.