Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ivani_sa_me_jabo.pdf: 806885 bytes, checksum: 46ae5805f566147f2c05b8acbfd80a9e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a divergência genética por meio de caracteres morfológicos de frutos, diásporos, ráquilas e plântulas, entre palmeiras matrizes de Oenocarpus bacaba Mart., em três populações naturais do Amapá, Comunidade Lontra da Pedreira, Parque Zoobotânico em Macapá e Município de Porto Grande. A divergência genética foi avaliada pela análise de agrupamento, através do algaritmo de Tocher e do método do Ward, obtido a partir da matriz de dissimilaridade pela Distância Euclidiana. A técnica dos componentes principais foi utilizada para identificar a importância relativa de cada variável para a divergência genética. Houve certa concordância nos dois métodos de agrupamento. Dos 17 caracteres avaliados 10 deles (60%) são passíveis de descarte nas três áreas de estudo / The objective of this work was to study the genetic divergence for morphological characters of fruits, disseminules, rachilles and seedlings, among matrices of Oenocarpus bacaba Mart. palm, in three natural populations of Amapa city, Lontra da Pedreira community, Park Zoobotany in Macapa and Porto Grande municipality. The genetic divergence was assessed by clusters analysis by the Tocher algaritmo and Ward's method, obtained from the matrix of dissimilarity of the Euclidian distance. The technique of principal components was used to identify the relative importance of each variable for genetic divergence. There was some agreement among the two groups The twenty characters evaluated, 10 of them (60%) are likely to discard of the three areas of study

The thesis is primary focused on the integrated data warehouse, particularly on a subset -- dependent data marts. The main objectives of this thesis are design the methodology of development and maintenance of dependent data marts and verification methodology usefulness in the real organization. The first part deals with the theoretical definition of terms. It focuses particularly on the definition of terms from Business Intelligence area especially data warehousing and data marts. Each of the terms is described in detail in separate chapters. Business Intelligence area puts emphasis on description of individual components. In data warehousing area are described the data warehouse concepts and content of layers in a data warehouse. Finally, the data mart area is designed to describe dependent and independent data marts and also "special "cases of data marts, likely the semantic layer, and a sandbox. The second part focuses on the design methodology itself. At the beginning of this part is analysis of the existing methodologies and assess their usefulness with connection to designed methodology. The following part describes the current situation in the approach to the development and maintenance of dependent data marts in the organization. At the end of the second part is designed own methodology, which is based in part on the analysis methodology and in part on the analysis of current situation. The third part focuses on usability and usefulness evaluation of methodology in the organization. Evaluation is based on the methodology of criticism from employees in the organization who are directly engaged in designing and maintaining dependent data marts. Finally, the fourth and final part will focus on the description of an alternative solution that could be considered as one of the ways to sustainable development of data warehouse in the organization. It's about comparison architecture based on utilization of semantic layer as oppose to the "three layers" concept of data warehouse by Bill Inmon, which is implemented in the organization. The output evaluates alternative solutions to the current solution.

El presente proyecto, tiene como objetivo generar una propuesta de mejora del proceso de logística de entrada bajo las buenas prácticas del modelo SCOR para una consultora de tecnología en Lima con la finalidad optimizar la elaboración de información estratégica generada por este proceso. Como parte de esta propuesta, se desarrollará un Data Mart que permitirá agilizar la obtención de estos datos. La logística de entrada, compuesta por la gestión de compras e inventario, genera información estratégica que es relevante y solicitada por áreas del negocio como comercial, proyectos y gerencia general. Hoy en día este proceso se ve afectado por los altos tiempos y la mala planificación del área para realizar sus actividades de registro y control de información lo que impide que posteriormente se pueda consultar de manera rápida e integra. Esto finalmente afecta que se pueda realizar una toma de decisiones en certidumbre. La aplicación de las buenas prácticas del modelo SCOR al proceso logístico, demostraron que se puede disminuir el porcentaje actual de tiempo de registro de información en un 35%. También mediante la aplicación del Data Mart, los porcentajes de gastos operativos y tiempos para elaborar información estratégica se reducen en un 97% y 96% respectivamente. De esta manera la propuesta demuestra su efectividad permitiendo optimizar la elaboración de información estratégica del área para así poder tomar mejores decisiones en beneficio del negocio. / The object of this project is to generate a proposal to improve the inbound logistics process under the best practices of the SCOR model for a technology consultancy in Lima in order to optimize the development of strategic information generated by this process. As part of this proposal, a Data Mart will be developed to expedite the collection of this data. Inbound logistics is made up of purchasing and inventory management. This process generates strategic information that is relevant to business areas such as commercial, projects and general management. Today this process is affected by high times and poor planning of the area to carry out its activities of registration and control of information, which generates that later it can’t be consulted quickly and integrated. This directly affects decision-making. The application of SCOR model good practices to the logistics process, showed that the current percentage of time for entering information can be reduced by 35%. Also, through the implementation of the Data Mart, the percentages of operating costs and times to generate strategic information are reduced by 97% and 96% respectively. In this way the proposal demonstrates its effectiveness allowing to optimize the elaboration of strategic information of the area in order to be able to take better decisions in benefit of the business. / Tesis

This ethnography is a study of the cultural scene at one store of a chain of twenty-eight retail "discount department stores"--the Bi Mart Company, a subsidiary of the Pay 'n Save Corporation. It is an exercise of an ethnographic method developed by James Spradley that is used to uncover and describe the cultural grammar of acquired knowledge which Bi Mart employees use to define and interpret their situation and to generate and understand their work. The method is based on the assumption that culture is best learned and best described (as much as possible) from the "native" point of view.

This is an interdisciplinary master's level thesis that explores links among technical writing, training manuals, surveillance, and anti-union rhetoric used with service workers in select American chains and franchises. Brief histories are provided, including those of technical writing, the rise of unions in America, and how technical writing became inextricably linked with labor. A major shift occurred in the 20th century when workers began interacting less with products and more with the public. The research focuses on training manuals, techniques, and rehearsed dialogues of McDonald's, Wal-Mart, Starbucks, Whole Foods, Panera, and Publix, though similar organizations are referenced. Service worker language, uniforms, and store decorum are sometimes analyzed for their rhetorical content. The idea of a single, technically written training manual in the service sector is a misnomer; training is delivered through a pastiche of manuals, videos, computers, apps, flipcharts, and on the job training. Unions are avoided through franchising (and therefore eat outlet not possessing enough workers to organize), creating conditions of high turnover rates, rhetoric, and use of euphemism. Global corporations are likened to "superfiefdoms," with service workers equated to modern serfs. If the world has evolved into supercorporations, it is argued then that the Publix employee-owned model may be the best approach and the most dignified of all. The technical writing and instruction in state-sponsored and federalized school pedagogies, which emphasize drills and compliance, may be culturally linked to the training found in these entry-level service jobs, and more academic study exploring these links is called for.

No description available.

Thèse ou mémoire avec insertion d'articles. / Cette thèse s'inscrit dans une perspective de développement local tout en mettant l'entrepreneuriat local au cœur de la croissance économique endogène. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les trajectoires de développement des entreprises, en région non métropolitaine, afin de déterminer le rôle des caractéristiques individuelles et locales dans le choix de localisation et la performance (croissance et survie) des nouvelles entreprises. Pour ce faire, des microdonnées d'établissements d'entreprises (2008 à 2014) ont été utilisées. Le paysage économique de chaque établissement est défini dans un rayon de 1 250 mètres dans la région non métropolitaine du Bas-Saint-Laurent dans la province du Québec. Les résultats du modèle logit multinomial (chapitre 1) révèlent que les décisions de localisation des établissements d'entreprises dans le secteur primaire sont liées à la présence des avantages provenant de l'existence des ressources naturelles ainsi qu'aux avantages associés à la présence de grands espaces (comme dans les villes rurales). Les nouveaux établissements dans le secteur de la fabrication recherchent principalement une colocalisation (spécialisation) avec une légère préférence de localisation dans des villes de petites tailles. Finalement, la décision de localisation des établissements du secteur des services est fortement dépendante de la demande intermédiaire et de la distance aux principaux marchés. Les résultats du chapitre 2, montrent d'une part, à travers un modèle probit de correction du biais de sélection, que les caractéristiques individuelles et locales influencent la survie des établissements. D'autre part, à travers un modèle qui corrige pour un possible biais de sélection (modèle SDM-Spatial Durbin Model), les résultats montrent que c'est durant une période de récession que le milieu fait la différence pour la croissance de l'emploi des nouveaux établissements. En plus d'être influencée par les caractéristiques individuelles, la spécialisation industrielle relative au secteur du commerce et du transport et la variété reliée se présentent comme des facteurs favorables à la croissance des établissements pendant la période de récession. L'étude de la survie des entreprises est approfondie dans le chapitre 3 en considérant au choc structurel à savoir de l'entrée des méga-détaillants. L'impact de l'arrivée de Walmart sur la survie des nouveaux et petits commerces de détail est donc réalisé dans deux villes non métropolitaines (Rimouski et Salaberry-de-Valleyfield) et couvre la période de 1996 à 2007. Les résultats de l'analyse de la différence-en-différences (DD) menée à travers un modèle semi-paramétrique de Cox à hasard proportionnel révèlent que l'entrée de Walmart diminue le risque de fermeture des nouveaux et petits commerces de détail. Cependant, cet effet n'est pas toujours constant au fil du temps et semble en partie lié au lieu d'implantation. Les caractéristiques locales, telles que la diversification et la dynamique entrepreneuriale locale, confirment, dans une certaine mesure, l'effet négatif de la concurrence locale sur la survie des nouveaux et petits commerces de détail. Sur le plan des politiques de développement économique local, les résultats démontrent qu'en région non métropolitaine, il existe un sentier de dépendance entrepreneuriale dans certains secteurs. Chaque localité peut posséder un avantage comparatif et les initiatives gouvernementales doivent permettre de les promouvoir. Par ailleurs, en région non métropolitaine, la recherche de la pérennité peut primer sur la recherche d'une croissance soutenue de l'emploi pour les nouvelles entreprises. Les politiques de développement du gouvernement central doivent être adaptées aux contextes locaux. Les entrepreneurs sont capables de s'adapter aux réalités changeantes pour en tirer profit, et ce particulièrement en milieu non métropolitain. / This thesis is part of a local development point of view while putting local entrepreneurship at the heart of endogenous economic growth. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to study the growth trajectory of businesses, in a nonmetropolitan area, in order to determine the role of individual and local characteristics in the location decisions and the performance (growth and survival) of new businesses. To do so, spatial establishment-level, micro-data, pooled over time (2008 to 2014) was used. The economic landscape of each establishment is described within a radius of 1,250 metres in the nonmetropolitan area of the Lower St. Lawrence region in the province of Quebec. The results of the multinomial logit model (Chapter 1) reveal that the location decisions for new primary sector businesses are related to the presence of benefits a rising from the existence of natural resources, as well as those benefits associated with having large spaces (such as in the case of rural cities). New manufacturing sector businesses are mainly looking for a co-location (specialisation) pattern, with a slight preference to locate in small-sized cities. Finally, the location decisions of service-sector firms are strongly dependent on intermediate demand and on the distance to major markets. The results of Chapter 2 show, on the one hand, through a probit model of selection bias correction, that individual and local characteristics influence the survival of establishments. On the other hand, through a model that corrects for a potential selection bias (SDM-Spatial Durbin Model), the results show that it is during a recession period that the local environment makes the difference in the employment growth in new establishments. In addition to being influenced by individual characteristics, industrial specialisation in the trade and transport sector and the related variety are favourable factors for the growth of establishments during the recession period. The study of business survival is expanded upon in Chapter 3 by considering a structural shock, namely the entry of mega-retailers. The impact of the arrival of Walmart on the survival of new and small retail businesses is therefore carried out in two non-metropolitan cities (Rimouski and Salaberry-de-Valleyfield) and covers the years 1996-2007. The results of the difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, conducted through a semi-parametric Cox proportional hazards model, reveal that the entry of Walmart decreases the risk of closure of the new and small retail businesses. However, this effect is not always consistent over time and appears to be partly related to the location. Local characteristics, especially the diversification and local entrepreneurial dynamics, in some cases confirm the negative effect of the local competition on the survival of new and small retail businesses. In terms of local economic development policies, the results show that in non-metropolitan regions, there is a path of entrepreneurial dependence in some sectors. Each area can have a comparative advantage and the government initiatives must make it possible to promote them. Moreover, in non-metropolitan regions, looking for sustainability can be more important than trying to achieve high employment growth for new businesses. Central government development policies need to be adapted to local contexts. Entrepreneurs can adapt to changes and take advantage of them, especially in non-metropolitan areas.

Considerando o grave quadro das doenças negligenciadas, no Brasil e no mundo, e as limitações do tratamento empregado, na atualidade, torna-se urgente a pesquisa de novos fármacos, que sejam mais ativos e seguros. Para tanto, a busca de moléculas-protótipo, a partir de espécies vegetais, tem sido importante estratégia. Neste contexto, foi realizado o estudo de Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae), cujos alcalóides totais (AT) demonstraram promissora atividade antiprotozoária in vitro, em estudo anterior. Em paralelo, outras espécies de Annona mostraram atividade antimicobacteriana in vitro, igualmente, tendo motivado o presente estudo. Cinco das vinte frações alcaloídicas obtidas, por cromatografia em coluna, a partir dos AT das folhas, apresentaram atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro, tendo causado 100% de morte das formas promastigotas de Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi. Além disto, três delas foram ativas frente ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis. O isolamento de dois alcalóides noraporfínicos foi realizado, por fracionamento biomonitorado em coluna cromatográfica, seguido de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) semipreparativa. As estruturas dos compostos isolados foram elucidadas empregando-se as análises espectroscópicas de ressonância magnética nuclear, mono e bidimensionais, e por CLAE acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CLAEIES-EM2). Um dos alcalóides foi identificado pela primeira vez, nesta espécie, sendo que o outro apresentou estrutura inédita. Ambos demonstraram significativa atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro (CE50≤ 10 µ g/ mL) frente às formas promastigotas de L. (L.) infantum chagasi [MHOM/BR/1972/LD]. O primeiro teve maior índice de seletividade (IS: 7,4), em relação à citotoxicidade em células do tecido conjuntivo NCTC Clone 929 de camundongos. Frente ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) e ao M. smegmatis (ATCC 35798), os alcalóides isolados foram inativos (CIM ≥ 128 µg/ mL). O óleo volátil das folhas foi analisado por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectroscopia de massas (CG-EM), tendo sido identificados 41 constituintes, prevalecendo os sesquiterpenos (81,7%) em relação aos monoterpenos (0,8%). Entre os compostos majoritários encontrados no óleo, citam-se os sesquiterpenos α-amorfeno (43,6%), E-cariofileno (17,7%) e o germacreno (5,3%). Nos testes de atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro frente às formas promastigotas de quatro espécies do parasita, o óleo foi mais ativo em L. (L.) infantum chagasi (CE50: 25,97 µg/ mL). Nas formas tripomastigotas do Trypanosoma cruzi mostrou atividade 8,5 vezes superior àquela do fármaco-padrão benznidazol (CE50: 5,31 µg/ mL). Os resultados obtidos ratificaram a importância da prospecção da flora, em particular de A. crassiflora, como fonte potencial de compostos bioativos, que venham a constituir novos fármacos, como alternativa à restrita terapêutica existente para o tratamento das doenças negligenciadas. / Neglected diseases are a serious health problem in Brazil and worldwide. The available drugs are limited in effectiveness with a high toxicity. There is an urgent need of more safe and bioactive compounds. The search of new molecules from plant species is a well known and important strategy to achieve this goal. In a previous work, Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae) showed a promising antiprotozoal activity. Beside this, other Annona species presented an interesting antimicobacterial action. In this bio-guided study, after the column fractionation of the leaves total alkaloids, in vitro tests were performed and five from twenty fractions were highly active (100% deaths) against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi, and only three were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After purification of the bioactive fractions, two noraporphine alkaloids were isolated by HPLC and identified by the usual mono and bidimensional spectroscopic techniques. One of them was isolated from the first time from this species. The other one is a novel chemical entity. Both compounds presented anti- Leishmania activity (CE50 ≤ 10 µg/ mL) against L. (L.) infantum chagasi [MHOM/BR/1972/LD]. The first one showed a higher selectivity index (SI: 7.4) considering its mice connective tissue cells toxicity [NCTC Clone 929]. However, both were inactive against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) and M. smegmatis (ATCC 35798) (CIM ≥ 128 µg/ mL). In the leaves volatile oil 41 compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenes were in majority (81.7%), followed by monoterpenes (0.8%). The sesquiterpenes α-amorphene (43.6%), E-caryophyllene (17.7%) and germacrene (5.3%) were the main constituents. The oil was little effective against the four tested Leishmania species and slightly more active against L. (L.) infantum chagasi (CE50: 25.97 µg/ mL). However, it was highly active against the trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (CE50: 5.31 µg/ mL) showing to be 8.5 times more active than benznidazol. These results stimulate a deeper investigation of those alkaloids as antiprotozoal agents, confirming the importance of the plant species metabolites as a source of new bioactive molecules and their potential as future drugs.

Considerando o grave quadro das doenças negligenciadas, no Brasil e no mundo, e as limitações do tratamento empregado, na atualidade, torna-se urgente a pesquisa de novos fármacos, que sejam mais ativos e seguros. Para tanto, a busca de moléculas-protótipo, a partir de espécies vegetais, tem sido importante estratégia. Neste contexto, foi realizado o estudo de Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae), cujos alcalóides totais (AT) demonstraram promissora atividade antiprotozoária in vitro, em estudo anterior. Em paralelo, outras espécies de Annona mostraram atividade antimicobacteriana in vitro, igualmente, tendo motivado o presente estudo. Cinco das vinte frações alcaloídicas obtidas, por cromatografia em coluna, a partir dos AT das folhas, apresentaram atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro, tendo causado 100% de morte das formas promastigotas de Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi. Além disto, três delas foram ativas frente ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis. O isolamento de dois alcalóides noraporfínicos foi realizado, por fracionamento biomonitorado em coluna cromatográfica, seguido de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) semipreparativa. As estruturas dos compostos isolados foram elucidadas empregando-se as análises espectroscópicas de ressonância magnética nuclear, mono e bidimensionais, e por CLAE acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CLAEIES-EM2). Um dos alcalóides foi identificado pela primeira vez, nesta espécie, sendo que o outro apresentou estrutura inédita. Ambos demonstraram significativa atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro (CE50≤ 10 µ g/ mL) frente às formas promastigotas de L. (L.) infantum chagasi [MHOM/BR/1972/LD]. O primeiro teve maior índice de seletividade (IS: 7,4), em relação à citotoxicidade em células do tecido conjuntivo NCTC Clone 929 de camundongos. Frente ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) e ao M. smegmatis (ATCC 35798), os alcalóides isolados foram inativos (CIM ≥ 128 µg/ mL). O óleo volátil das folhas foi analisado por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectroscopia de massas (CG-EM), tendo sido identificados 41 constituintes, prevalecendo os sesquiterpenos (81,7%) em relação aos monoterpenos (0,8%). Entre os compostos majoritários encontrados no óleo, citam-se os sesquiterpenos α-amorfeno (43,6%), E-cariofileno (17,7%) e o germacreno (5,3%). Nos testes de atividade anti-Leishmania in vitro frente às formas promastigotas de quatro espécies do parasita, o óleo foi mais ativo em L. (L.) infantum chagasi (CE50: 25,97 µg/ mL). Nas formas tripomastigotas do Trypanosoma cruzi mostrou atividade 8,5 vezes superior àquela do fármaco-padrão benznidazol (CE50: 5,31 µg/ mL). Os resultados obtidos ratificaram a importância da prospecção da flora, em particular de A. crassiflora, como fonte potencial de compostos bioativos, que venham a constituir novos fármacos, como alternativa à restrita terapêutica existente para o tratamento das doenças negligenciadas. / Neglected diseases are a serious health problem in Brazil and worldwide. The available drugs are limited in effectiveness with a high toxicity. There is an urgent need of more safe and bioactive compounds. The search of new molecules from plant species is a well known and important strategy to achieve this goal. In a previous work, Annona crassiflora Mart. (Annonaceae) showed a promising antiprotozoal activity. Beside this, other Annona species presented an interesting antimicobacterial action. In this bio-guided study, after the column fractionation of the leaves total alkaloids, in vitro tests were performed and five from twenty fractions were highly active (100% deaths) against promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi, and only three were active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After purification of the bioactive fractions, two noraporphine alkaloids were isolated by HPLC and identified by the usual mono and bidimensional spectroscopic techniques. One of them was isolated from the first time from this species. The other one is a novel chemical entity. Both compounds presented anti- Leishmania activity (CE50 ≤ 10 µg/ mL) against L. (L.) infantum chagasi [MHOM/BR/1972/LD]. The first one showed a higher selectivity index (SI: 7.4) considering its mice connective tissue cells toxicity [NCTC Clone 929]. However, both were inactive against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC 27294) and M. smegmatis (ATCC 35798) (CIM ≥ 128 µg/ mL). In the leaves volatile oil 41 compounds were identified. The sesquiterpenes were in majority (81.7%), followed by monoterpenes (0.8%). The sesquiterpenes α-amorphene (43.6%), E-caryophyllene (17.7%) and germacrene (5.3%) were the main constituents. The oil was little effective against the four tested Leishmania species and slightly more active against L. (L.) infantum chagasi (CE50: 25.97 µg/ mL). However, it was highly active against the trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (CE50: 5.31 µg/ mL) showing to be 8.5 times more active than benznidazol. These results stimulate a deeper investigation of those alkaloids as antiprotozoal agents, confirming the importance of the plant species metabolites as a source of new bioactive molecules and their potential as future drugs.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os passos necessários para a construção de data marts /data warehouses como uma solução para um ambiente de suporte à decisão. Seu foco não é, entretanto, o aprofundamento de cada uma das etapas deste método (uma vez que existe uma ampla literatura sobre o assunto), mas realçar a importância do envolvimento do usuário aqui denominado consumidor da informação durante o processo de criação e manutenção destes data marts / data warehouses. O consumidor da informação é chamado a participar de um plano integrado com os membros das áreas detentoras do conhecimento necessário para a construção destas soluções de suporte à decisão, incluindo a área de tecnologia da informação. A disseminação das informações contidas nestes bancos de dados para os diversos tipos de consumidores da informação(com diferentes recursos de hardware, software e humanos disponíveis), e sua aplicação no controle social, também são discutidas aqui. / The purpose of this work is to present the required steps for the construction of data marts / data warehouses as a solution for a decision support environment. However, its focus is not to go deeper in each of the steps of this method (since there is a broad literature about the subject), but to highlight the importance of the user – here called information consumer – engagement during the process of creating and maintaining these data marts / data warehouses. The information consumer is called to take part in an integrated plan together with the members of the areas who own the necessary knowledge to build these decision support solutions, including the information technology (IT) area. The spread of the informations contained in these databases to the different types of information consumers (with different hardware, software and human resources available), and its application in social control, is also discussed here.