The image quality will degrade if the misfocusing problem occurs in the imaging system. This paper is aimed to design and analyze a phase mask for mutifocusing problem. Depth of field is the range to get a clear image. As the lens can only gather the light in a fixed range. Image will be more blurred when it is more from this range. In 1995 Dowski and Cathey proposed the wave-front coding to increase the system's depth of field so that the image will less susceptible to blur due to the mutifocusing problem. A treatment with a mask before the lens can extend the depth of field. In this paper, we extend to multi-levels phase mask. The simulation results show that multi-level phase mask has a better performance than the two-level phase mask.

We live in a world constructed by predeterminations, divided by gender. It’s a masquerade that we’re all taking part in, men by their gaze and women by embodying it. I’ve investigated spaces where feminine attributes are interconnected to a female body, and aspects that shape the misleading mask. In my research I discovered that there are three areas where a woman and female attributes are merged: In media where the stereotype image of a woman is confirmed in glossy magazines and in reality shows. In the bathroom, a room that represents the starting point of the masquerade. And last in typical feminine rooms, beauty salons, where make-up and nail polish is applied to female bodies. By researching spaces I discovered that bodies are shaped by the exclusion of the other sex and by gender specific norms. Out from my own bodily perception I have investigated the feminine surface in the borderland between corpus and jewellery. In my process I shifted the perspective by creating wearable pieces that illustrate the undressing of femininity and by dressing traditionally masculine corpus in feminine materials. All together the objects make up a burlesque staging of a feminine scenography. It’s first when an object loses its initial function that we can create new reference points. It’s when lipstick is casted in the shape of soap and when a high heel is separated from the shoe that they become disconnected from the female body. / <p>The full thesis contains copyrighted material which has been removed in the published version.</p>

nÃo hà / O trabalho tem como objetivos primordiais a divulgaÃÃo da comÃdia grega de AristÃfanes atravÃs de uma adaptaÃÃo/traduÃÃo da peÃa LisÃstrata (411 a.C.) para o gÃnero Teatro de Bonecos, com o intuito de tornar a obra acessÃvel a outro pÃblico, nÃo somente ao erudito; a valorizaÃÃo dos falares nordestinos, principalmente os de Fortaleza, com a utilizaÃÃo de inÃmeras marcas da oralidade no roteiro da peÃa; e a divulgaÃÃo do Grupo Paideia. Trata tambÃm, no capÃtulo dois, sobre alguns conceitos de traduÃÃo e de adaptaÃÃo, para que se chegue a um conceito hÃbrido entre esses dois tipos, o qual à o utilizado pela autora e que recebe o nome de adaptatraduÃÃo. Em seguida, expÃe comentÃrios acerca de outras traduÃÃes e adaptaÃÃes da obra em questÃo. O terceiro capÃtulo à dedicado ao estudo comparativo entre o elemento mÃscara e os bonecos de animaÃÃo, no que diz respeito à funÃÃo cÃnica e à reaÃÃo da plateia, e trata da histÃria do Teatro de bonecos no mundo. Apresenta tambÃm o processo de confecÃÃo dos bonecos, montagem e encenaÃÃo de outras peÃas do grupo. Outro capÃtulo traz um resumo comentado da comÃdia LisÃstrata, o contexto histÃrico em que a obra està inserida e a importÃncia da retomada desta peÃa pelo Grupo Paideia nos tempos atuais. Ao final, descreve-se o processo desta adaptatraduÃÃo da peÃa para o gÃnero teatro de bonecos no linguajar fortalezense e, em seguida, expÃe o texto adaptatraduzido. Os resultados finais desta experiÃncia estarÃo expostos na conclusÃo, em que se confirmarà a popularizaÃÃo da peÃa clÃssica, mesmo sendo encenada no gÃnero Teatro de Bonecos e em outro contexto cultural. / O trabalho tem como objetivos primordiais a divulgaÃÃo da comÃdia grega de AristÃfanes atravÃs de uma adaptaÃÃo/traduÃÃo da peÃa LisÃstrata (411 a.C.) para o gÃnero Teatro de Bonecos, com o intuito de tornar a obra acessÃvel a outro pÃblico, nÃo somente ao erudito; a valorizaÃÃo dos falares nordestinos, principalmente os de Fortaleza, com a utilizaÃÃo de inÃmeras marcas da oralidade no roteiro da peÃa; e a divulgaÃÃo do Grupo Paideia. Trata tambÃm, no capÃtulo dois, sobre alguns conceitos de traduÃÃo e de adaptaÃÃo, para que se chegue a um conceito hÃbrido entre esses dois tipos, o qual à o utilizado pela autora e que recebe o nome de adaptatraduÃÃo. Em seguida, expÃe comentÃrios acerca de outras traduÃÃes e adaptaÃÃes da obra em questÃo. O terceiro capÃtulo à dedicado ao estudo comparativo entre o elemento mÃscara e os bonecos de animaÃÃo, no que diz respeito à funÃÃo cÃnica e à reaÃÃo da plateia, e trata da histÃria do Teatro de bonecos no mundo. Apresenta tambÃm o processo de confecÃÃo dos bonecos, montagem e encenaÃÃo de outras peÃas do grupo. Outro capÃtulo traz um resumo comentado da comÃdia LisÃstrata, o contexto histÃrico em que a obra està inserida e a importÃncia da retomada desta peÃa pelo Grupo Paideia nos tempos atuais. Ao final, descreve-se o processo desta adaptatraduÃÃo da peÃa para o gÃnero teatro de bonecos no linguajar fortalezense e, em seguida, expÃe o texto adaptatraduzido. Os resultados finais desta experiÃncia estarÃo expostos na conclusÃo, em que se confirmarà a popularizaÃÃo da peÃa clÃssica, mesmo sendo encenada no gÃnero Teatro de Bonecos e em outro contexto cultural. / The main objectives of the dissertation are: the dissemination of Aristophanes Greek comedy through an adaptation / translation of the play Lysistrata (411 BC) for the genre Puppets Theater, with the intention of making accessible to another audience, not only to the erudite; the valorization of the regional speeches, especially those of Fortaleza, with the use of innumerable marks of oral communication in the script; and the promotion of the Paideia Group. In chapter two, it treats some concepts of translation and adaptation, so that a hybrid concept between the two types, which is used by the author and which is called adaptatranslation. Comments about other translations and adaptations of the play in question. The third chapter is devoted to the comparative study between the mask and the puppets, involving the scenic function and reaction of the audience, and comments the history of the Puppet Theater in the world. It also presents the process of confection of the puppets, setting and play-acting of other plays of the Paideia Group. Another chapter brings an annotated summary of the comedy Lysistrata, the historical context in which the play is inserted and the importance of the revival of this play by the Paideia Group currently. In the end, describes the process of adaptatranslation of the play for the Puppet genre in the regional parlance, and then exposing the adaptatranslated text. The results of this experiment will exposed in the conclusion, which will confirm the popularization of the classic play, even being play-acting in the genre Puppets Theater and in another cultural context. / The main objectives of the dissertation are: the dissemination of Aristophanes Greek comedy through an adaptation / translation of the play Lysistrata (411 BC) for the genre Puppets Theater, with the intention of making accessible to another audience, not only to the erudite; the valorization of the regional speeches, especially those of Fortaleza, with the use of innumerable marks of oral communication in the script; and the promotion of the Paideia Group. In chapter two, it treats some concepts of translation and adaptation, so that a hybrid concept between the two types, which is used by the author and which is called adaptatranslation. Comments about other translations and adaptations of the play in question. The third chapter is devoted to the comparative study between the mask and the puppets, involving the scenic function and reaction of the audience, and comments the history of the Puppet Theater in the world. It also presents the process of confection of the puppets, setting and play-acting of other plays of the Paideia Group. Another chapter brings an annotated summary of the comedy Lysistrata, the historical context in which the play is inserted and the importance of the revival of this play by the Paideia Group currently. In the end, describes the process of adaptatranslation of the play for the Puppet genre in the regional parlance, and then exposing the adaptatranslated text. The results of this experiment will exposed in the conclusion, which will confirm the popularization of the classic play, even being play-acting in the genre Puppets Theater and in another cultural context.

Submitted by Glauber Assunção Moreira (glauber.a.moreira@gmail.com) on 2018-08-21T17:35:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COMPLETA DEFINITIVA.pdf: 3610997 bytes, checksum: d59a5aac864489992f5d1198b5324df4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ednaide Gondim Magalhães (ednaide@ufba.br) on 2018-08-23T11:57:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COMPLETA DEFINITIVA.pdf: 3610997 bytes, checksum: d59a5aac864489992f5d1198b5324df4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO COMPLETA DEFINITIVA.pdf: 3610997 bytes, checksum: d59a5aac864489992f5d1198b5324df4 (MD5) / RESUMO Este trabalho trata máscara-objeto e máscara-maquiagem como meiode transformação dos atores no espetáculo “Doroteia”, de Nelson Rodrigues. A dissertação é constituída a partir de experiências com máscaras, tanto objeto quanto maquiagem, apresentando no percurso das vivências a solidificação e base para a concepção e criação dos elementos cênicos em questão. Essainvestigação tem como objetivo abordar a caracterização visual dos personagens no referido espetáculo, com foco nas máscaras supracitadas, destacando sua importância fundamental para a construção do personagem teatral. Posteriormente, são analisadas as aplicabilidades das referidas máscaras nas cenas do espetáculo. As leituras a partir da percepção do espectador acontecem como consequência da consciência coerente com o todo que o portador estabelece. / ABSTRACT This thesis deals with mask-object and mask-make up asinstruments of transformation of the actors at Nelson Rodrigues’ play, “Doroteia”. The dissertation is built over experiences with mask-object and mask-make up, introducing during the process the solidification and basis for conception and creation of the scenic elements being studied. This investigation aims to broach the visual characterization of the characters in the play, focusing on the two previously mentioned masks, emphasizing their fundamental importance for the theatrical character’s construction. Subsequently, the applicability of the masks will be analyzed in the scenes of the play. The readings from the spectator’s perception happen as consequence of the conscience consistent with the whole established by the mask’s wearer.

Bakgrund: Dagligen drabbas mer än 25 personer av hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus där ungefär 500 av dessa räddas årligen. Luftvägshanteringen är en av de viktigaste faktorerna under hjärt-och lungräddning och en obehandlad hypoxi i samband med hjärtstopp ökar risken för att patienten kan erhålla neurologiska skador. Enligt Erikssons omvårdnadsteori kan olika former av lidande upplevas, men när kroppen, själen och anden är i balans uppnås hälsa. För att hantera luftvägen kan ambulanspersonal använda sig utav mask-och blåsa eller larynxmask. Endotrakeal intubation är även ett alternativ, men kräver särskild kompetens i Sverige vilken främst specialistsjuksköterska inom anestesisjukvård innehar. Studier visar på en låg procentuell framgång för antal lyckade försök gällande utövandet av endotrakeal intubation prehospitalt och att larynxmask numera används i stället av ambulanspersonalenför att den kan appliceras snabbt och enkelt. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa om förekommande luftvägshjälpmedel vid hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus kan påverka patientens utfall vid återkomst av spontan cirkulation. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats. Cinahl plus och PubMed har använts som databassökning. Totalt 15 artiklar av kvantitativ metod inkluderades. Artiklarna har därefter analyserats genom integrerad analys. Resultat: De signifikanta huvudfynden som framkom med var att luftvägshantering med mask-och blåsa påvisade en hög prevalens för gynnsamt neurologiskt utfall och överlevnad medan endotrakeal intubation påvisade en högre prevalens för återgång av spontan cirkulation. Slutsats: Utifrån resultatet visade sig användning av mask-och blåsa ge mest utdelning för att uppnå ett gynnsamt neurologiskt utfall och ökad chans till överlevnad för patienten. Däremot framkom det att användning av endotrakealtub vid prehospitalt hjärtstopp medförde störst chans till återkomst av spontan cirkulation. Av de tre förekommande luftvägshjälpmedlen att använda sig av vid prehospitalt hjärtstopp kan det förekomma skillnader i utfallet för patienten. Det förekommer däremot inte tillräckligt med stora skillnader och resultatet bördärmed tolkas med försiktighet då det anses behövas fler studier inom området. / Background: Every day more than 25 people suffer from out-of hospital cardiac arrest, of which approximately 500 rescued annually. Airway management is one of the most important factors in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and an untreated hypoxia in conjunction with cardiac arrest increases the patient’s risk of receiving neurological damage. According to Eriksson's nursing theory, various forms of suffering can be experienced, and a state of health can only be achieved when the body, soul and spirit are in balance. To manage the airway, the ambulance clinician can use a bag-valve mask or laryngeal mask. Endotracheal intubation is also an alternative, but in Sweden, it requires specific competence that mainly specialist nurses in anesthesia care possess. Studies shows a low success rate regarding the practice of performing a prehospital endotracheal intubation and that laryngeal mask nowadays more used instead by ambulance staff because it’s applied quickly and easily. Aim: The purpose was to shed light on whether the available respiratory aids in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest can affect the patient outcomes on the return of spontaneous circulation. Method: Literature overview with systematic approach. Cinahl plus and PubMed has been used as database search. A total of 15 articles of quantitative method were included. The articles were analyzed through integrated analysis. Results: The significant main findings that emerged were that airway management with bag-valve mask correlated with a high prevalence for favorable neurological outcome and survival while endotracheal intubation showed a higher prevalence for return of spontaneous circulation. Conclusion: Based on the results, the use of bag-valve mask found to be the best option to achieve a favorable neurological outcome and increased chance of survival for the patient. However, the use of endotracheal tube in out-ofhospital cardiac arrest for increasing the chance of the patient regaining return of spontaneous circulation. Out of the three available airway aids to use in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, there may be differences in the outcome for the patient. However, there are not enough significant differences, and the result therefore should be interpreted with caution as it is considered that more studies in the subject required.

Understanding speech in noisy environments is a challenge for normal-hearing and impaired-hearing listeners alike. However, it has been shown that speech intelligibility can be improved in these situations using a strategy called the ideal binary mask. Because this approach requires knowledge of the speech and noise signals separately though, it is ill-suited for practical applications. To address this, many algorithms are being designed to approximate the ideal binary mask strategy. Inevitably though, these algorithms make errors, and the implications of these errors are not well-understood. The main contributions of this thesis are to introduce a new framework for investigating binary masking algorithms and to present listener studies that use this framework to illustrate how certain types of algorithm errors can affect speech recognition outcomes with both normal-hearing listeners and cochlear implant recipients.

Tai, kas mūsų kultūroje turi gilias šaknis, neturi būti pamiršta. Kaukės pradžia siejama su pagoniškais ritualais, o dabartiniame tradicijų tęsime mokykloje sutinkama dažniausiai tik Užgavėnių vaidinimuose. Jos egzistavimas apima įvairias teatro epochas, lėlių teatrą. Mokykla yra ta terpė, kur jaunoji karta kaukę dar gali prikelti gyvenimui. Taip skatindama mokinį, ieškoti, atrasti, kurti, subręsti dvasiškai. Problema. Bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose vis mažiau puoselėjamos tradicijos, vaidinimuose ieškoma modernių teatro raiškos spendimų, taip prarandant ryšį su kultūra. Tad iškyla problema kaip mokinius priartinti prie kultūros pažinimo šaknų, pasitelkiant kaukę, kaip edukacinę priemonę. Tikslas. Išanalizuoti kaukės panaudojimo jaunesniųjų paauglių mokykliniuose vaidinimuose ypatumus. Remiantis iškeltu tikslu atitinkamai suformuluoti uždaviniai. Atlikti tyrimai Vilniaus pagrindinėje mokykloje parodė, jog mokiniai anksti, tačiau minimaliai susiduria su kaukės naudojimu. Didelę įtaką turi mokinių motyvacija, mokytojų iniaciatyvumas, kūrybingas ir prasmingas skatinimas domėtis ir kurti. Tyrimas atskleidžiantis mokytojų pedagoginę patirtį teigia, jog kaukė turi įtakos kaip meninė raiškos priemonė, komunikavimui, pasitikėjimui savo jėgomis. Mokytojo patirtis ir platus požiūris į meninį ugdymą, pasitelkiant įvairių teatro epochų kaukes gali padėti atrasti vertingus kūrybinius ieškojimus. Bendra išvada tokia, kad kaukės panaudojimas turėtų būti platesnis ir reikšmingesnis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / We mustn‘t forget our traditions. The birth of the mask is related to the pagan rituals. However, nowadays the mask can be found only in the plays of Shrovetide. The existance of the mask embodies all the periods of theatre and puppet plays. A school is a place where the mask could be brought to life again and motivate pupils to search, descover, create and grow spiritually. Issue. The schools of general education concentrate on modern ways of expression in plays rather than keeping to traditions which help to maintain the close connection to the culture of the country. So, the question is how to use a mask for educational purposes that would make pupils close to the cultural heritage. Aim. To analyse the features of the use of the mask in the school plays of teenagers. The objections are closely related to the principal aim of the work. I have made a research at some basic schools of Vilnius. The tests showed that pupils get acquainted with the use of the mask at the early age. However, they still rarely use the masks. Various factors, such as the motivation of the pupils, the initiative of the teachers and the creative attitude to the advantage of the mask, foster to use the masks in the school plays more often. The research shows that teachers are experienced and have a wide knowledge of the masks. They can help pupils to realize that the mask is a perfect way to communicate, become more self-confident, stimulate and release one‘s creativity. In conclusion... [to full text]

Existing photomask metrology is struggling to keep pace with the rapid reduction of IC dimensions as traditional measurement techniques are being stretched to their limits. This thesis examines the use of on-mask probable electrical test structures and measurement techniques to meet this challenge and to accurately characterise the imaging capabilities of advanced binary and phase-shifting chrome-on-quartz photomasks. On-mask, electrical and optical linewidth measurement techniques have highlighted that the use of more than one measurement method, complementing each other, can prove valuable when characterising an advanced photomask process. Industry standard optical metrology test patterns have been adapted for the direct electrical equivalent measurement and the structures used to characterise different feature arrangements fabricated on standard and advanced photomasks with proximity correction techniques. The electrical measurements were compared to measurements from an optical mask metrology and verification tool and a state-of-the-art CD-AFM system and the results have demonstrated the capability and strengths of the on-mask electrical measurement. For example, electrical and AFM measurements on submicron features agreed within 10nm of each other while optical measurements were offset by up to 90nm. Hence, electrical techniques can prove valuable in providing feedback to the large number of metrology tools already supporting photomask manufacture, which in turn will help to develop CD standards for maskmaking. Electrical test structures have also been designed to enable the characterisation of optical proximity correction to characterise right angled corners in conducting tracks using a prototype design for both on-mask and wafer characterisation. Measurement results from the on-mask structures have shown that the electrical technique is sensitive enough to detect the effect of OPC on inner corners and to identify any defects in the fabricated features. For example less than 10 (5%) change in the expected resistance data trends indicated a deformed OPC feature. Results from on-wafer structures have shown that the correction technique has an impact on the final printed features and the measured resistance can be used to characterise the effects of different levels of correction. Overall the structures have shown their capability to characterise this type of optical proximity correction on both mask and wafer level. Test structures have also been designed for the characterisation of the dimensional mismatch between closely spaced photomask features. A number of photomasks were fabricated with these structures and the results from electrical measurements have been analysed to obtain information about the capability of the mask making process. The electrical test structures have demonstrated the capability of measuring tool and process induced dimensional mismatches in the nanometer range on masks which would otherwise prove difficult with standard optical metrology techniques. For example, electrical measurements detected mismatches of less than 15nm on 500nm wide features.

The search for life on other worlds is an exciting scientific endeavor that could change the way we perceive our place in the universe. Thousands of extrasolar planets have been discovered using indirect detection techniques. One of the most promising methods for discovering new exoplanets and searching for life is direct imaging with a coronagraph. Exoplanet coronagraphy of Earth-like planets is a challenging task, but we have developed many of the tools necessary to make it feasible. The Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) Coronagraph is one of the highest-performing architectures for direct exoplanet imaging. With a complex phase-shifting focal plane mask, the PIAA Complex Mask Coronagraph (PIAACMC) can approach the theoretical performance limit for any direct detection technique. The architecture design is flexible enough to be applied to any arbitrary aperture shape, including segmented and obscured apertures. This is an important feature for compatibility with next-generation ground and space-based telescopes. PIAA and PIAACMC focal plane masks have been demonstrated in monochromatic light. An important next step for high-performance coronagraphy is the development of broadband phase-shifting focal plane masks. In this dissertation, we present an algorithm for designing the PIAA and PIAACMC focal plane masks to operate in broadband. We also demonstrate manufacturing of the focal plane masks, and show laboratory results. We use simulations to show the potential performance of the coronagraph system, and the use of wavefront control to correct for mask manufacturing errors. Given the laboratory results and simulations, we show new areas of exoplanet science that can potentially be explored using coronagraph technology. The main conclusion of this dissertation is that we now have the tools required to design and manufacture PIAA and PIAACMC achromatic focal plane masks. These tools can be applied to current and future telescope systems to enable new discoveries in exoplanet science.

For several years, we have been developing vortex phase masks based on sub-wavelength gratings, known as Annular Groove Phase Masks. Etched onto diamond substrates, these AGPMs are currently designed to be used in the thermal infrared (ranging from 3 to 13 pm). Our AGPMs were first installed on VLT/NACO and VLT/VISIR in 2012, followed by LBT/LMIRCam in 2013 and Keck/NIRC2 in 2015. In this paper, we review the development, commissioning, on-sky performance, and early scientific results of these new coronagraphic modes and report on the lessons learned. We conclude with perspectives for future developments and applications.