<p>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if there exists a superiority between developed and developing countries, which then in turn effects the negative consequences, for the local inhabitants of Thailand, that follow from mass tourism.</p><p>To be able to answer the questions that we have selected for this thesis, we chose to perform open interviews with six respondents which were all involved in the tourism industry in Thailand. Four of the interviews were carried out on location in Thailand. In order to deepen our understanding of the selected questions even further literary studies have been made as well. The theories we have chosen concern the topics of imperialism and figurations.</p><p>Our empirical material gave significant results. It showed that there is indeed an imbalance of power between the western world and Thailand. The relationship between the two exists due to an uneven distribution of economic resources, the majority of which can be found in the western world today. This means that tourists who possess these resources have the opportunity to travel to Thailand on their own terms, they get to dictate the journey to suit themselves. The desire to earn money is so great for the Thai people that there is hardly any concern for what consequences the tourism might cause. The relationship of power that exists between Thailand and the western world today is constantly reproduced. This leads to devastating consequences for Thailand and its inhabitants. Mass tourism generates consequences such as pollution of the environment, revenue leakage and prostitution.</p> / <p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om det existerar en överordning mellan utvecklade och utvecklingsländer vilken i så fall påverkar de negativa konsekvenser som uppstår, för lokalbefolkningen, till följd av massturismen i Thailand.</p><p>För att finna svar på våra frågeställningar har vi valt att utföra öppna intervjuer med sex stycken respondenter som alla är verksamma inom turistindustrin i Thailand. Fyra av intervjuerna genomfördes på plats i Thailand. För att ytterligare fördjupa förståelsen för våra valda problemställningar har litteraturstudier genomförts. De teorier vi har valt att utgå från behandlar ämnena imperialism och figurationer.</p><p>Det insamlade materialet var mycket talande och visade att det råder ett maktförhållande mellan västvärlden och Thailand. Maktförhållandet existerar på grund av den ojämna fördelningen av ekonomiska tillgångar som råder i världen, tillgångar som idag till stor del återfinns i västvärlden. Detta innebär att turister som innehar dessa resurser har möjlighet att resa till Thailand och diktera villkoren för hur de önskar att resan bör se ut. Önskan om att tjäna pengar är, för thailändarna, så pass stor att det knappt förekommer någon reflektion över vilka konsekvenser turismen för med sig. Maktförhållandet som idag råder mellan Thailand och västvärlden reproduceras ständigt. Detta leder till förödande konsekvenser för Thailand och dess befolkning. Massturismen ger konsekvenser såsom miljöförstöring, inkomstläckage och prostitution.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if there exists a superiority between developed and developing countries, which then in turn effects the negative consequences, for the local inhabitants of Thailand, that follow from mass tourism. To be able to answer the questions that we have selected for this thesis, we chose to perform open interviews with six respondents which were all involved in the tourism industry in Thailand. Four of the interviews were carried out on location in Thailand. In order to deepen our understanding of the selected questions even further literary studies have been made as well. The theories we have chosen concern the topics of imperialism and figurations. Our empirical material gave significant results. It showed that there is indeed an imbalance of power between the western world and Thailand. The relationship between the two exists due to an uneven distribution of economic resources, the majority of which can be found in the western world today. This means that tourists who possess these resources have the opportunity to travel to Thailand on their own terms, they get to dictate the journey to suit themselves. The desire to earn money is so great for the Thai people that there is hardly any concern for what consequences the tourism might cause. The relationship of power that exists between Thailand and the western world today is constantly reproduced. This leads to devastating consequences for Thailand and its inhabitants. Mass tourism generates consequences such as pollution of the environment, revenue leakage and prostitution. / Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om det existerar en överordning mellan utvecklade och utvecklingsländer vilken i så fall påverkar de negativa konsekvenser som uppstår, för lokalbefolkningen, till följd av massturismen i Thailand. För att finna svar på våra frågeställningar har vi valt att utföra öppna intervjuer med sex stycken respondenter som alla är verksamma inom turistindustrin i Thailand. Fyra av intervjuerna genomfördes på plats i Thailand. För att ytterligare fördjupa förståelsen för våra valda problemställningar har litteraturstudier genomförts. De teorier vi har valt att utgå från behandlar ämnena imperialism och figurationer. Det insamlade materialet var mycket talande och visade att det råder ett maktförhållande mellan västvärlden och Thailand. Maktförhållandet existerar på grund av den ojämna fördelningen av ekonomiska tillgångar som råder i världen, tillgångar som idag till stor del återfinns i västvärlden. Detta innebär att turister som innehar dessa resurser har möjlighet att resa till Thailand och diktera villkoren för hur de önskar att resan bör se ut. Önskan om att tjäna pengar är, för thailändarna, så pass stor att det knappt förekommer någon reflektion över vilka konsekvenser turismen för med sig. Maktförhållandet som idag råder mellan Thailand och västvärlden reproduceras ständigt. Detta leder till förödande konsekvenser för Thailand och dess befolkning. Massturismen ger konsekvenser såsom miljöförstöring, inkomstläckage och prostitution.

Coastal counties in the United States have placed a new emphasis on tourism related employment. The shift away from normal maritime work, such as fishing and import/export shipping has ushered in an era of service-oriented economies and communities scattered along the US coast lines. This trend which is associated with the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism can be seen most prevalently in Florida's Tampa Bay region. The counties that make up Tampa Bay include Citrus, Hernando, Hillsborough, Manatee, Pasco, Pinellas, and Sarasota.The lure of sandy beaches and blue seas are the obvious tourist draws to any tropical locale, including the Tampa Bay region. But it is blatantly shortsighted to pinpoint locational attributes as the only factor in creating a tourist economy. This study hopes to make a contribution to the tourism literature in human geography by considering the role of non-locational attributes which are crucial to the growth and development of tourism-driven economies along the coastal US.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-02T15:26:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariannadealencaresouza.pdf: 2073176 bytes, checksum: c0e391457cd805db01547c5c94133772 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-06T14:17:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariannadealencaresouza.pdf: 2073176 bytes, checksum: c0e391457cd805db01547c5c94133772 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T14:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariannadealencaresouza.pdf: 2073176 bytes, checksum: c0e391457cd805db01547c5c94133772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa busca construir uma alternativa ao lugar comum em relação ao engessamento analítico de fenômenos como o consumo e o turismo, sobretudo, em sua forma mais controversa: o turismo de massa. Em um esforço reflexivo, realizado a partir das observações de campo e entrevistas, busca-se, durante o presente desenvolvimento, propor novas abordagens interpretativas que possam, assim, ser utilizadas para a discussão desses fenômenos que, hoje, podem ser considerados categorias “boas para pensar”. Este trabalho define-se como uma tentativa de relacionar temas complementares, fornecendo um feixe de luz sobre uma questão que, imersa na obscuridade da concepção natural das coisas, tem sua crítica legitimada por uma visão que interpreta o consumo e o turismo de massa como epifênomenos de acontecimentos maiores. O objetivo aqui é, basicamente, ampliar o debate sobre tal forma, se valendo, para tanto, da visão antropológica, a qual fornece a possibilidade do desenvolvimento de uma abordagem baseada na compreensão. Evita-se, então, emitir julgamentos de valor os quais interditam a busca pelo entendimento dessas realidades. / This research seeks to build an alternative to the common knowledge regarding the stringency about issues such as consumption and tourism, withal in its most controversial forms: the mass tourism. By a reflexive effort, made from field observations and interviews, this paper seeks, during this present development, to offer new interpretative approaches which could be used to discuss these phenomena’s considered “good to think” categories. This paper defines itself as an attempt to relate complementary themes, offering a ray of light on a matter that, immerse in the obscurity of natural conceptions of things, has its critics legitimized by a view that sees the consumption and the tourism as secondary phenomena’s. The goal here is, basically, to increase the debate by using the anthropological point or view which provides the possibility of developing an approach based on comprehension. Therefore, judgments that confuse the understanding of these realities are avoided.

In this thesis I examine three cities that have been nominated as world heritage sites by UNESCO, and how these cities are understood and mediated by visitors. One of the research questions was also to see how these places has been affected by the nomination. I have visited Visby, Dubrovnik and Toruń to do this research. I wanted to find out why so many people choose to visit these places and how much the world heritage nomination was part of the decision to visit. This is done by examining how these cities are mediated by travel literature, tourist information in the form of brochures and other information, as well as interviews. These interviews were conducted both with tourists at these sites, but also with people that work with tourism or cultural heritage in some form. The method used besides interviews has been thick description as it is formulated by Clifford Geertz to describe and make sense of these places and to see how you would experience these places as a tourist. The researchers that has figured as a theoretical background include John Urry and Andrew Walsh. Urry describes how the tourist uses different gazes to see the world in different ways, and Walsh describes how a place that seems to be irreplaceable might in fact not be so irreplaceable, which applies on the examined places in this thesis. Josefina Syssner and Karim van Knippenberg together with Linde Egberts lays a groundwork for the understanding of different sorts of tourists, and what tools can be used is place marketing of these cities. In agreement with previous research I conclude that the primary attraction of these sites for the tourists is not their status as world heritage sites, and the reason that these sites are troubled with mass tourism lies elsewhere. The place itself is replaceable for the majority of the tourists, but not for the material heritage. A better dialogue is needed between the tourism and heritage sector, as well as local residents and politicians, to be able to counteract the negative effects of mass tourism, that is shown to wear on the material culture. The mediation needs to include a more widespread picture of the complex issues that concerns these heritage sites. In todays globalized and mobile world, the idea of world heritage sites becomes problematic, as this work has shown. This thesis is a two years master’s thesis in Museum and cultural heritage.

<p>Because of the mass tourism industry that exploits sensitive locations all over our planet a new kind of tourism came into focus in the 1980’s. This new form of tourism was named ecotourism, and as the name reveals ecotourism deals with low-impact travel. Today, all sorts of places can be gazed upon in a flick of a switch; all you need is a television set. It is well known that destination marketing successfully uses visual media as a tool to sell trips to potential tourists. Therefore, this essay examines how ecotourism benefits from the great power of the television. The analyzed material contains of six different TV shows, sorted into two groups – travel shows and discussion programs. With the theory of the tourist gaze, semiotics, destination marketing and the experience economy the study resulted in the conclusion that all TV shows are built upon collective cultural representations found in the exotic and the authentic. With the help of the visual language, travel shows can give new meaning to a specific destination expressed in a system of mutual understanding and shared culture.</p>

Because of the mass tourism industry that exploits sensitive locations all over our planet a new kind of tourism came into focus in the 1980’s. This new form of tourism was named ecotourism, and as the name reveals ecotourism deals with low-impact travel. Today, all sorts of places can be gazed upon in a flick of a switch; all you need is a television set. It is well known that destination marketing successfully uses visual media as a tool to sell trips to potential tourists. Therefore, this essay examines how ecotourism benefits from the great power of the television. The analyzed material contains of six different TV shows, sorted into two groups – travel shows and discussion programs. With the theory of the tourist gaze, semiotics, destination marketing and the experience economy the study resulted in the conclusion that all TV shows are built upon collective cultural representations found in the exotic and the authentic. With the help of the visual language, travel shows can give new meaning to a specific destination expressed in a system of mutual understanding and shared culture.

Although Georgia has experienced dramatic increases in the number of visitors over the past decade Swedish travellers are absent in the arrival statistics. Visitors from Eastern Europeans account for the majority of the increase in arrivals. This thesis attempts to understand what is missing in order for Swedish tourists to discover Georgia as a destination. This is done by interviewing Swedish tour operators and surveying Swedish visitors to Georgia. The results are analyzed in the framework of Leiper’s theory of destination competitiveness. A SWOT analysis is also used to structure the analysis, and the thesis suggests some benchmark measures that could be used to implement a systematic effort to improve the destination. The thesis concludes that Georgia indeed has a strong attractiveness on Swedish tourists, but that the main problems are connected with low awareness and lack of convenient transportation options. It is argued that these problems can be solved through improved marketing and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the thesis highlights the need for Georgian destination managers to make choices today in order to shape the image of the country in the future. Georgia has a challenge to strengthen the authenticity that many travellers associate with the country, but is in a position to modernize by preserving traditions. Finally, it is argued that the results from this study are generalizable to include preferences of travellers from Western Europe in general, and therefore the study points to some significant opportunities available to Georgia.

O município de São João da Barra, localizado na mesorregião do norte-fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, por possuir uma vasta riqueza natural, sobretudo de praias, é um local muito procurado pelo turismo, principalmente no verão, período mais propício à balneabilidade, também atrai uma grande demanda de turistas através de diversos eventos organizados pela prefeitura, como carnaval, acarretando como consequência o desenvolvimento do turismo de massa. Além disso, o município foi escolhido para hospedar o Complexo Logístico e Industrial Portuário do Açu (CLIPA), maior empreendimento porto-indústria da América Latina, e um dos três maiores complexos portuários do mundo, que está em fase de implantação. Diante deste cenário, considerando a necessidade de buscar uma alternativa ao turismo de massa, bem como, proteger este destino turístico dos impactos provocados pelo mesmo, e pelo complexo portuário, a pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar o potencial turístico do município de São João da Barra, com enfoque ao desenvolvimento do turismo alternativo a fim de oferecer subsídios para o planejamento turístico sustentável do local. O trabalho se baseou na metodologia proposta por Braga (2007) referente às etapas do processo de planejamento turístico, que se constituíram em quatro etapas: definição do objeto de estudo e missão do planejamento; inventário da situação atual, diagnóstico, e diretrizes de ação. As análises revelaram, através da pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica área de estudo, os principais impactos socioambientais que ocorrem em São João da Barra, provocados não só pelo turismo, como também pela implantação do complexo portuário e por outras fontes; também foi possível obter a percepção da comunidade acerca de como a atividade turística se desenvolve no local, permitindo a elaboração de diretrizes no contexto da gestão participativa. Além disso, o estudo revelou o grande potencial turístico de modalidades alternativas ao turismo de massa, como o turismo científico, educacional, histórico-cultural e esportivo, através da elaboração do inventário da oferta local e do mapa de localização dos atrativos. / The municipality of São João da Barra, located in the region of the North Fluminense State of Rio de Janeiro, for possessing a vast natural wealth, especially beaches, is a popular location for tourism, mainly in the summer, time more conducive to bathing, also attracts a large demand of tourists through various events organized by prefecture, such as Carnival, resulting as a consequence the development of mass tourism. Furthermore, the municipality was chosen to host the Logistics and Industrial Complex Port of Açu (CLIPA), higher port-industry enterprise in Latin America, and one of the three largest port complexes in the world, which is under implementation. Before this scenario, considering the need to seek an alternative to mass tourism, as well as protect this tourist destination of the impacts caused by the same, and the port complex, the research aimed to identify the tourism potential of São João da Barra, focusing on the development of alternative tourism in order to provide information for planning sustainable tourism site. The work was based on the methodology proposed by Braga (2007) refers to the process steps of tourism planning, which consisted of four steps: definition of the object of study and mission planning; inventory of the current situation, diagnosis, and guidelines for action. The analyzes revealed through literature and empirical study area, the main environmental impacts that occur in São João da Barra, caused not only by tourism, but also for the implementation of the port complex and other sources, it was also possible to obtain community opinion about how tourism is developed on site, allowing the development of guidelines in the context of participatory management. Furthermore, the study revealed the great tourism potential of alternative ways to mass tourism, as scientific tourism, educational tourism, historical-cultural tourism, and sports tourism through the development of local offer inventory and location map of the attractions.

L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les conséquences que génère le tourisme dans un pays « jeune » et en voie de développement comme le Kirghizstan. Avec son héritage soviétique, il se développe en intégrant les règles du marché. Le tourisme de masse attire plus d'un million de touristes chaque été au lac de montagne d'Issyk-Koul. La population locale, de moins de 300 000 habitants, propose des services à destination des touristes. La source de son attractivité particulière, et en même temps sa fragilité, est son écosystème unique. De ce fait, notre problématique se situe à l'intersection des questions en relation avec l'écologie (écosystème très fragile), l'économie (population locale très dépendante du tourisme) et la gestion des ressources environnementales par les structures étatiques. Dans ce document, nous posons la question : la mise en place d'un tourisme durable à Issyk-Koul, au Kirghizstan, est-elle possible ? La qualité des institutions du pays permettra-t-elle de l'accompagner et la soutenir ? Dans notre étude, le contexte kirghize sera analysé à travers la théorie des institutions. Le tourisme au Kirghizstan se développe rapidement mais de façon chaotique, sans réglementation ni soutien de la part de l'Etat. Tandis que les « règles » sont éditées et acceptées officiellement, elles ne sont pas respectés ni par les entreprises, ni par la population. La mise en place et la réalisation des « règles » apparaissent comme un élément important, lié à la faiblesse des institutions, car souvent peu développées. Nous expliquerons cette situation, d'un côté, par la particularité du secteur touristique pluridisciplinaire, qui reste difficilement gérable par des acteurs publics inexpérimentés ; et d'autre part, nous mettrons en évidence la quasi-absence des politiques publiques (au niveau national et local) pour la promotion du tourisme à l'international et son développement. Le travail de recherche consiste non seulement à définir les problèmes et les risques que peut causer le tourisme, mais aussi tenter d'apporter les solutions et des voies d'amélioration sur la gouvernance, où l'intervention des organismes publics est cruciale. Dans ce nouveau marché touristique qui prend de plus en plus d'ampleur, le concept de tourisme durable peut aider le Kirghizstan à devenir une destination internationale à long terme. Nous essayons de réorienter le tourisme de masse qui se développe actuellement vers le tourisme durable. Le tourisme actuel à Issyk-Koul exige une forte participation et intervention des organismes étatiques afin d'orienter le tourisme dans une voie durable. D'importants investissements dans le développement d'infrastructures touristiques seront vains si elles mettent en péril la qualité environnementale du site d'Issyk-Koul. / The thesis is about researching of the consequences of the tourism development in the Kyrgyzstan. The Kyrgyz tourism has a soviet history as well as a development appropriating the market rules, where the tourism had taken his place. The mass tourism attracts more than one million persons to the mountain lake named Issyk-Kul on 1600 meters above the sea level. The advantage and at the same time it's weakness is the unique nature of the lake. The confrontation appeared between the ecology (fragile environment), the economy (local population very dependent from tourism) and the control of natural resources by government structure. From this perspective, the author is answering the question: is it possible to develop the sustainable tourism in Issyk-Kul, in Kyrgyzstan? Could the local institutions realize and establish the new rules of a sustainable development? The author tries to answer these questions and to understand the local process with the new institutional theory, for the reason that the tourism is developing well but in the chaotic way without support and regulation of the government. In reality, the «rules» were edited and accepted officially but in the realization stage, they are not respected by the population and local organizations. The institutions are being weak are not much developed. The author will try to explain this situation by the originality and complexity of the tourist sector and by absence of the State governance (in local and national level) in the tourism promotion in international area and without any helps/supports for local tourism companies. This thesis tries not only to definite problems and risks of tourism but to give solutions and ways to ameliorate the State governance, policy and interventions which are important for any tourist sector. In this new market, Kyrgyz tourism can find excellent place with the concept of sustainable tourism and become a competitive international destination in the long-term perspective.