Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-08-05T14:03:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Nunes da Silva.pdf: 5429132 bytes, checksum: 51983a5c9d25317704b270bc1b9b32d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-05T14:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Nunes da Silva.pdf: 5429132 bytes, checksum: 51983a5c9d25317704b270bc1b9b32d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-08-05T14:03:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Nunes da Silva.pdf: 5429132 bytes, checksum: 51983a5c9d25317704b270bc1b9b32d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-05T14:03:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Nunes da Silva.pdf: 5429132 bytes, checksum: 51983a5c9d25317704b270bc1b9b32d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / This research has been developed along the Teacher Training and Development line of research, at the stricto sensu Post Graduation Program in Education at the Catholic University in Santos. The topic has emerged from the researcher¿s experience in the classroom, when he saw the difficulties students face while trying to apply Math concepts to IT contents, as well as his role as a manager in a public institution, and while writing the Pedagogical Project for a Math Teaching Undergraduate Program. The aim of this paper was to investigate how Math professors, who teach in undergraduate teaching programs, have dealt with the challenge of training new Math teachers for the Basic Education in Brazil. This is a qualitative research, that has been carried out with both teachers and students, based on the works of Marcelo-Garcia, Pimenta, Gatti among others. In order to carry the investigation, we applied a questionnaire to students who were respectively, on the first, third and fifth terms of two Undergraduate Math Teaching Programs ¿ a private and a public one ¿ in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Answers have served as a springboard for later, semi-structured interviews with professors in the same programs. Data has brought results about the challenges teacher trainers face, and pointed to relevant questions about their own training, the beginning of their teaching career, not to mention the difficulties they face themselves as teachers. From the analysis of the data, it was possible to reflect upon the situations participants experienced and to understand how they overcome students¿ fragilities as regards to the specific difficulties within the Math area, in order to provide proper training for these students. / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Linha de Pesquisa I ¿ Formação e Profissionalização Docente, no Programa de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu em Educação da Universidade Católica de Santos. O tema surgiu a partir da experiência do pesquisador em sala de aula, quando percebeu as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos seus alunos na utilização dos conteúdos de Matemática, aplicada à Informática, bem como da sua participação, como gestor de uma instituição pública, na criação do Projeto Pedagógico de um Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar como os professores de Matemática que atuam na Licenciatura têm enfrentado os desafios da formação de futuros professores para a educação básica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com professores e alunos, e que está sendo referenciada teoricamente em estudos de Marcelo Garcia, Pimenta, Gatti, entre outros. Para a realização da investigação foram aplicados questionários a alunos de primeiro, terceiro e quinto semestres de dois cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática, da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista - um de uma instituição privada e outro, de uma instituição pública. As respostas obtidas subsidiaram a elaboração das entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com professores de matemática destes mesmos cursos. Os dados trazem resultados sobre os desafios enfrentados pelos formadores e aponta questões relevantes por eles trazidas sobre sua própria formação, o início da carreira, os motivos que os levaram à escolha da profissão, além das dificuldades enfrentadas como professores de matemática e como eles se percebem professores. Da análise dos dados foi possível refletir sobre as situações vivenciadas pelos pesquisados e compreender como eles buscam superar as fragilidades dos alunos em relação às dificuldades específicas da área de matemática, de modo a propiciar uma boa formação aos estudantes.

Globulettes have recently been found in the Rosette Nebula, the Carina Nebula and other nebulæ. They are expected to be seeds of brown dwarfs and free-floating planetary-mass objects. The size distribution in the Carina Nebula was found to follow a power-law, and the same power-function resulted in 880 +- 250 globulettes in total in the Rosette Nebula. Compared to the 145 observed objects in this nebula, many globulettes are beneath the resolution limit of the Nordic Optical Telescope, which was used to explore the Rosette Nebula. A simulation that arranged all these globulettes randomly in the nebula determined that some globulettes are captured by stars. They are believed to form into one or more planets, orbiting the star thereafter. The possibility that globulettes result into the formation of planets, orbiting a star, is some 4.75·10^2 per cent. According to this simulation, about 3.35·10^3 per cent of the stars with spectral type A to M host one or more planets that once have been globulettes. / <p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

<p>One of the big problems of the Swedish nine-year compulsory school is the large number of pupils who fail to achieve a satisfactory standard in mathematics. One explanation that has been increasingly considered over the last ten years is that the pupils have dyscalculia. Some research suggests that 6 per cent of compulsory school pupils suffer from this dysfunction, which would in that case make it one of the Swedish school’s greatest teaching problems.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to examine this problem area from two aspects. First of all by examining the concept of dyscalculia by means of a review of the literature from 1992 onwards. The second perspective has as its starting point a case study where the purpose was to give a detailed picture of the pupil with mathematics problems. The latter part of the study was carried out over a six-year period when 200 pupils, 13 of them with particular mathematics problems, were studied in detail.</p><p>A point of departure for the study was provided by a large database where as much information as possible was collected about pupils from Year 5 of the nine-year compulsory school to Year 2 of the three-year upper secondary school. The pupils were asked to fill in regular questionnaires and classroom observations were made of roughly 100 mathematics lessons, 40 of which were recorded on video. Finally there were in-depth interviews of the 13 pupils on two occasions, the final one being during Year 2 of the upper secondary school.</p><p>The review of the research showed a series of dubious and indistinct circumstances surrounding the dyscalculia concept, and also ambiguity with regard to the diagnosis of dyscalculia. The conclusion of the review was that the concept of dyscalculia ought at present to be used with great caution, or perhaps not at all. Admittedly the review does not provide grounds for totally dismissing the dyscalculia concept, but as long as it remains impossible to determine the concept unambiguously, and I have not been able to do this in the course of this study, there are no good scientific grounds for using the term dyscalculia in practice.</p><p>The empirical study shows the complexity of the problem area. Both the causes suggested by the pupils as the origin of the problem and the measures that helped them to obtain their mathematics grades form a complex pattern. The low work input of the pupils during mathematics lessons, an unsettled working environment, large classes, problems of stress and anxiety prior to tests, and obstructive gender patterns are among the causes suggested by the pupils as explanations of the occurrence of the mathematics problems. Good teachers, in other words teachers who can explain, set limits and give encouragement, were a significant factor in reversing the downward trend. Positive experiences of school changes, where the pupil felt that he or she could start again from the beginning, were also mentioned as significant by several pupils. Collaboration with fellow-pupils and the fact that the pupils themselves decided to get to grips with the problems were other important reasons for the change. The prospects of students with specific problems in mathematics nevertheless being able to leave compulsory school with satisfactory grades appear, however, from the results of this study, to be bright. All the pupils left the compulsory school with satisfactory mathematics grades and also completed mathematics studies at upper secondary school, despite major problems in the subject at intermediate school (age 10-13) stage.</p><p>The study indicates the need for research closer to the actual practical situation and to the importance of emphasizing good examples in practice. As the students themselves emphasize discrete communication between them as significant in the subject of mathematics, this is also an important area for future research.</p>

Una exégesis semiótico-pragmática del texto descriptivo que excluya cualquier enfoque historicista, como modalidad representativa discursiva, dentro de un amplio abanico de posibilidades textuales, implica, sin duda, una revisión de los estudios retóricos, donde el fenómeno descriptivo se incluía bajo múltiples nóminas, condicionadas, en la mayoría de los casos, por el eclecticismo de los criterios de identificación, ya sintáctico-semánticos, ya pragmáticos. Sin embargo, la especificidad formal de últimos estudios metodológicos, como los elaborados por la Escuela de París, concibe, a diferencia de las preceptivas retóricas, la unidad textual como un despliegue sintagmático, donde las unidades lingüístico-sistemáticas se proyectan en el discurso a través de un proceso de comprehensión sémica, motivado por el uso que, de esas unidades, el sujeto realiza en un contexto sociocultural intercomunicativo determinado: el proceso descriptivo se advierte, entonces, como un uso específico contextual que se adecua a una determinada programación, no necesariamente narrativa.Es interesante señalar que nuestro estudio aproximativo al acto sémico, prototípico de la enunciación descriptiva, presupone la inclusión de un enfoque matemático y semiótico que especifica, con un alto grado de autosuficiencia formativa, la funcionalidad deíctico-informativa o persuasiva del dominio textual descriptivo dentro de la génesis poético-literaria u ordinaria de cualquier manifestación intersubjetiva. La concepción fractual y la Teoría de Juegos se incluyen en esta propuesta de estudio del dominio textual de la descripción, siendo extensible a otros patrones textuales. / This study concerns the syntagmatic descriptive operations in a lot of discursive prototypes. From a rhetoric and semiotic point of view, a descriptive discurse is a semantic development which the reader composes in his mind. For this reason, our comprensive ability is based on a expansive construction of our own intuition of the reality. It´s important to say that to that end all discursive prototypes use semantic expansions in order to convince the social masses: these discursive expansions are basic fractal models which we can recognise in other scientific domains, for example, Fisics, Biology or Econometry. Considering this, we stablish a limited number of discursive analysis models in order to describe the modal and functional autonomy the descriptive texture; isotopy, spatial and temporal segmentation, formal categorisation and pragmatic value of discursive actors. A textual progression implies an semantic expansion which reduce the semantic extension. In this way, my ambition with this thesis is to use semiotic and pragmatic studies in providing concrete approaches to the ecomometric study of the language. Descriptive expansions demonstrate our discursive expressions can be studied not only from a semiotic or rhetoric point of view, but also from a mathematical perspective. This mathematical perspective extendes the possibility for empirical researchers to focus on physical and bilogical analogies from a linguistic study of the descriptive expansions.

One of the big problems of the Swedish nine-year compulsory school is the large number of pupils who fail to achieve a satisfactory standard in mathematics. One explanation that has been increasingly considered over the last ten years is that the pupils have dyscalculia. Some research suggests that 6 per cent of compulsory school pupils suffer from this dysfunction, which would in that case make it one of the Swedish school’s greatest teaching problems. The purpose of this thesis is to examine this problem area from two aspects. First of all by examining the concept of dyscalculia by means of a review of the literature from 1992 onwards. The second perspective has as its starting point a case study where the purpose was to give a detailed picture of the pupil with mathematics problems. The latter part of the study was carried out over a six-year period when 200 pupils, 13 of them with particular mathematics problems, were studied in detail. A point of departure for the study was provided by a large database where as much information as possible was collected about pupils from Year 5 of the nine-year compulsory school to Year 2 of the three-year upper secondary school. The pupils were asked to fill in regular questionnaires and classroom observations were made of roughly 100 mathematics lessons, 40 of which were recorded on video. Finally there were in-depth interviews of the 13 pupils on two occasions, the final one being during Year 2 of the upper secondary school. The review of the research showed a series of dubious and indistinct circumstances surrounding the dyscalculia concept, and also ambiguity with regard to the diagnosis of dyscalculia. The conclusion of the review was that the concept of dyscalculia ought at present to be used with great caution, or perhaps not at all. Admittedly the review does not provide grounds for totally dismissing the dyscalculia concept, but as long as it remains impossible to determine the concept unambiguously, and I have not been able to do this in the course of this study, there are no good scientific grounds for using the term dyscalculia in practice. The empirical study shows the complexity of the problem area. Both the causes suggested by the pupils as the origin of the problem and the measures that helped them to obtain their mathematics grades form a complex pattern. The low work input of the pupils during mathematics lessons, an unsettled working environment, large classes, problems of stress and anxiety prior to tests, and obstructive gender patterns are among the causes suggested by the pupils as explanations of the occurrence of the mathematics problems. Good teachers, in other words teachers who can explain, set limits and give encouragement, were a significant factor in reversing the downward trend. Positive experiences of school changes, where the pupil felt that he or she could start again from the beginning, were also mentioned as significant by several pupils. Collaboration with fellow-pupils and the fact that the pupils themselves decided to get to grips with the problems were other important reasons for the change. The prospects of students with specific problems in mathematics nevertheless being able to leave compulsory school with satisfactory grades appear, however, from the results of this study, to be bright. All the pupils left the compulsory school with satisfactory mathematics grades and also completed mathematics studies at upper secondary school, despite major problems in the subject at intermediate school (age 10-13) stage. The study indicates the need for research closer to the actual practical situation and to the importance of emphasizing good examples in practice. As the students themselves emphasize discrete communication between them as significant in the subject of mathematics, this is also an important area for future research.

It seems as if there is a continued problem with mathematical performances nationally. The rate, at which FET (Further Education and Training) phase learner s discontinue Mathematics as a result of poor mathematical performances, is of great concern. This research study determined how academic self-confidence could have an influence on learners’ abilities to perform in Mathematics. The literature review confirmed that there could be a link between academic self-confidence and mathematical performance. Consequently, the researcher wanted to establish if the same could be found at a school where the emphasis is very much on mathematical achievement. The school is based in Northern Johannesburg (D10) in Gauteng, South Africa. By applying an explanatory mixed method approach (quantitative, followed by qualitative methods), the researcher identified a clear link between this school’s learners’ abilities to perform in Mathematics and their academic self-confidence. Amongst others, positive links were also identified between the learner s’ comprehension of Mathematics, their problem- solving skills as well as educator assistance, which in turn influence their academic self - confidence and consequently al so their performance s. A cycle of mathematical influences was identified that demonstrated that the influence i s not only working one way, but that a cycle forms; academic self-confidence influences the learner’s ability to perform in mathematics and mathematical performance s al so influence academic self - confidence, causing a continuous cycle of influence. / MEd (Learner Support), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

Mathematics is an important skill that is taught to all children in the UK in a structured manner from a very early age. The purpose of this thesis was to examine how working memory (Baddeley & Hitch, 1974a; Baddeley & Hitch, 1994) and UK curricular mathematics are related, if specific components of working memory were more impactful upon performance in mathematics than others, and if we can predict mathematics outcomes using working memory measures. With reference to the influence of working memory on overall curricular mathematics performance, a cohort of 70 children from two primary schools in the North West of England was tested annually from their Reception year (mean age 5yrs 1m) at school to Year Two (mean age 6yrs 11m ). The study used a number of working memory tasks, a UK curricular mathematics test, and two Performance Measures. This allowed data to be analysed both in a cross-sectional manner and longitudinally (Chapter 5).The thesis also differentiates UK curricular mathematics into four separable “strands”, Number, Calculation, Measures, Shape and Space, and Problem Solving. These strands are described consistently throughout the UK mathematics curricular literature (DfEE, 1999; DfEE & QCA, 1999a; DfES, 2003a) and the cohort data was used to statistically analyse the relationships between working memory and each strand in turn using a correlational design in Chapters 6 to 9.Results indicated that working memory is a robust predictor of overall mathematics performance (Chapter 5), and of the Calculation Strand (Chapter 7). This finding was demonstrated in both the cross-sectional analyses and also in the longitudinal regression analyses. Of the working memory measures a distinct pattern of association was revealed. In particular the data imply that there is a strong role for the central executive at each age range, but in Year One verbal short-term memory emerges as an important predictor variable. Working memory also showed significant predictive influence over the remaining three curricular mathematics strands that were measured, particularly at the youngest age grouping, but working memory was not found to be a robust longitudinal predictor of Number, Problem Solving or Measures, Shape and Space. The overarching conclusion is that working memory, and in particular the central executive, may support the development of early curricular mathematical skills independent of the influence of age and Performance Measures. The practical and theoretical implications are considered.

Este trabalho, realizado no âmbito do Curso de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, visa apresentar uma sequência didática para favorecer o desenvolvimento do raciocínio proporcional tendo como suporte teórico a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais (TCC) de Gerard Vergnaud. São objetivos específicos: (a) analisar uma sequência didática, organizada na forma de situações-problema visando favorecer o estabelecimento das relações de covariação e de invariância de grandezas, necessárias para conceituar razão e proporção e (b) analisar o desempenho e as estratégias utilizadas pelos alunos para resolver situações- problema envolvendo o raciocínio proporcional, ao longo da aplicação da proposta didática. O trabalho tem apoio metodológico na Engenharia Didática e foi desenvolvido junto a aproximadamente 26 alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da cidade de Ituiutaba/MG, no período regular de aulas. A sequência teve seis etapas, na primeira foi aplicada uma avaliação tipo lápis e papel e as etapas seguintes foram constituídas por situações-problema aplicadas com mediação da professora e também por avaliações, sendo que estes instrumentos foram elaborados com base na literatura existente sobre o tema raciocínio proporcional. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente por meio da estatística descritiva e qualitativamente quando foram organizadas categorias de análise. Na primeira etapa, houve mais dificuldade nos problemas de comparação que nos de valor omisso e as estratégias multiplicativas utilizadas pelos alunos indicaram alguma inferência e predição na compreensão de que as grandezas envolvidas nos problemas variavam em conjunto. Ao longo da aplicação da sequência, verificou-se que os alunos passaram a identificar as grandezas proporcionais envolvidas nas situações e a maioria deles conseguiu justificar as repostas por meio da relação de covariação, valendo-se da simbologia adequada. Considera-se que a opção metodológica de oferecer situações diversificadas antes da apresentação formal desse conteúdo (que acontece a partir do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental) contribui para desenvolver o raciocínio proporcional dos alunos. Espera-se que as análises e discussões teóricas realizadas nesse trabalho possam contribuir para a prática do professor de matemática. / This work, carried out during the Masters Course for teaching Science and Mathematics, within the postgraduate program in teaching Science and Mathematics at the Pontal College of Integrated Sciences of the Federal University of Uberlândia. It a aims to introduce a didactic sequence to encourage the development of proportional reasoning with the theoretical support the Theory of Conceptual Fields (TCC) by Gerard Vergnaud. The specific objectives are: (a) to analyze a didactic sequence, arranged in the form of problem situations in order to promote the establishment of relations of covariance and invariance of quantities, required to conceptualize reason and proportion and (b) examine the performance and the strategies used by the students to solve problem situations involving proportional reasoning, through the application of didactic proposal. The work has methodological support in Teaching Engineering and was developed together with approximately 26 students of the sixth grade of an elementary school in the city of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, during regular class periods. The sequence had six stages, the first was a pencil and paper type evaluation and review the following stages were composed of problem situations applied with mediation of a teacher as well as evaluations, being that these instruments have been drawn up on the basis of the existing literature on the subject of proportional reasoning. Data was analyzed through quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistics when the categories of analysis were set up. In the first step, there was more difficulty with the problems of comparison than those of omissive value and the multiplicative strategies used by the students indicated some inference and prediction on the understanding that the values involved in the problems varied together. Throughout the implementation of the result, it was found that the students have come to identify the proportional quantities involved in situations and most of them managed to justify the answers through the relationship of covariance, using the appropriate symbol. The methodological option of offering diverse situations before the formal presentation of this content (which happens from the seventh grade of primary school) helps to develop proportional reasoning of students. It is expected that the analysis and theoretical discussions undertaken in this work could contribute to the work of a Maths teacher. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

As an orbiter cruising to Jupiter will encounter different plasma environments, variety of spacecraft surface charging is expected. This surface potential can lead to inaccurate and wrong in-situ plasma measurements of on-board sensors, which explain the interest in simulating the charging.In this thesis the spacecraft-plasma interactions for a future mission to Jupiter are modelled with the help of the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction System, taking the case of a Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO) and a Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) as an archetype for a future mission.It is shown that in solar wind at Earth and Jupiter, spacecraft potentials of about 8 V for the JEO, and 10 V to 11 V for the JGO are expected. Furthermore, at a distance of 15 Jupiter radii from Jupiter, the JGO is expected to charge to an electric potential of 2 V, except in the planetary shadow, where it will charge to a high negative potential of -40 V. Moreover, close to the orbit of Callisto, JGO will charge to 12 V in the sun and to 4.6 V in eclipse, due to a high secondary electron emission yield. / <p>Validerat; 20120115 (anonymous)</p>

La tesi pretén demostrar la validesa d'un programa d'ensenyament i aprenentatge de les matemàtiques a l'educació primària, en base a un reforçament de la lectura dels problemes matemàtics. La fonamentació teòrica d'aquest programa és la Concepció Constructivista de l'Ensenyament i Aprenentatge i la metodologia utilitzada en la implementació del programa és l'ensenyament i aprenentatge estratègic , aplicat segons la seqüència metodològica proposada per Monereo. Un altre element determinant va ser la presentació de continguts molt contextualitzats a la realitat del grup al qual es va aplicar el programa. Els resultats aconseguits van confirmar la millora de rendiment dels infants des d'un punt de vista conceptual i procedimental, però sobretot una millora actitudinal relativa a un increment de motivació per la tasca. Els principis psicopedagògics en els que es fonamenta el model d'intervenció són: Prevenció del fracàs, atenció a la diversitat, foment del pensament crític, motivació, globalització i contextualitzacó i ensenyament estratègic. / La tesis pretende demostrar la validez de un programa de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la Educación Primaria, en base a un refuerzo de la lectura de los problemas matemáticos. El fundamento teórico de este programa es la Concepción Constructivista de la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje y la metodología utilizada en la implementación del programa es la enseñanza y aprendizaje estratégico, aplicada según la secuencia metodológica propuesta por Monereo. Otro factor determinante ha sido la presentación de contenidos muy contextualizados a la realidad del grupo al cual se ha aplicado el programa. Los resultados logrados han confirmado la mejora de rendimiento del alumnado desde un punto de vista conceptual y procedimental, pero sobretodo una mejora actitudinal relativa a un incremento de motivación por la tarea. Los principios psicopedagógicos en los que se fundamenta el modelo de intervención son: Prevención del fracaso, atención a la diversidad, fomento del pensamiento crítico, motivación, globalización y contextualización y enseñanza estratégica. / The thesis aims to demonstrate the validity of a program of teaching and learning mathematics in primary education, based on strengthening the reading of mathematical problems. The theoretical foundation of this program is the Constructivist Conception of Teaching and Learning and the methodology used in implementing the program is learning strategies, applied according to methodological sequence, proposed by Monereo. Another important factor has been that contents of learning activities are highly contextualised to the real life of the group to which the program has been implemented. The results obtained have confirmed the improvement in student performance both in conceptual and procedural contents, but especially on attitudinal contents due to increased motivation for the task. Psycho-educational principles in underpinning the intervention model are: Prevention of failure, attention to diversity, promotion of critical thinking, motivation, globalization and contextualization and strategic teaching