nÃo hà / O presente estudo buscou verificar o reflexo do Simples Nacional na arrecadaÃÃo do Imposto sobre CirculaÃÃo de Mercadorias e ServiÃos (ICMS) das Microempresas (ME) e Empresas de Pequeno Porte (EPP) cearenses. Para tanto se utilizou dados da arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS de 43.929 contribuintes do estado do Cearà pertencentes aos setores de agropecuÃria, indÃstria, meio ambiente, comÃrcio e serviÃos referente ao perÃodo de julho de 2004 a junho de 2008. Dessa maneira, mediante o emprego do modelo âDiferenÃa em DiferenÃaâ, os dados foram estimados e subdivididos nos grupos de tratamento e controle. No grupo de tratamento enquadraram-se as empresas que realizaram a opÃÃo pelo Simples Nacional, e no grupo de controle alocaram-se as empresas que, por algum motivo, nÃo realizaram a opÃÃo por esse programa governamental. Para analisar simultaneamente os efeitos do Simples Nacional relacionados Ãs atividades e Ãs caracterÃsticas dos setores as quais as empresas pertencem, estimou-se um modelo para os setores, subsetores e segmentos. A anÃlise dos dados sugere que o impacto da implantaÃÃo do Simples Nacional na arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS das empresas investigadas varia conforme o setor ao qual a empresa pertence. / The current paper aimed to investigate the impacts of âSimples Nacionalâ taxes in the collection of ICMS from Micro-Enterprises and Small Enterprises in the state of CearÃ. The study used historical data of ICMS from 43.929 taxpayers in the State of Cearà in Agricultural, Industrial, Environmental, Trade and Service sectors from July 2004 to June 2008, and throughout the application of âDifference to Differenceâ model, estimated and subdivided in a Case-Control study. For the case group, it was selected companies that opted for âSimples Nacionalâ; for the control group, companies that did not opt for it. In order to analyze simultaneously the effect of âSimples Nacionalâ in the level of the activities and characteristics within their corresponded sectors it was applied an estimation model for sectors, subsectors and segments. The data analysis suggests that the impact of National Simples in the ICMS collection from evaluated companies varies according to each sector they are part of.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:58:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3259_1.pdf: 5762420 bytes, checksum: 0af73887e3af768529c1569155447ba5 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO DA UFPE / Linhas de Produtos de Software (LPS) são definidas como conjuntos de sistemas de software que atendem a um mercado especifico, que compartilham caracteristicas em comum, porem sendo suficientemente distintos entre si, e que são desenvolvidos a partir de um conjunto de artefatos reusaveis. Entre os beneficios possiveis com a implantação de LPS podemos citar o reuso em larga escala e o aumento de produtividade. Um fator-chave no desenvolvimento de uma LPS e o mecanismo utilizado para a estruturação fonte. Uma das tecnicas mais comumente utilizadas para a estruturação de variações de código e a compilação condicional, tambem chamada de pre-processamento. Apesar de ser amplamente utilizada, o uso de compilação condicional incorre em problemas de legibilidade, modularidade, manutenibilidade e qualidade. Programação Orientada a Aspectos (POA) e uma alternativa a compilação condicional para a estruturação de variações de codigo em LPS, podendo apresentar melhor legibilidade, modularidade, manutenibilidade, qualidade, entre outros fatores, do que a compilação condicional. Entretanto, o uso de AspectJ, implementação mais popular de POA sobre a linguagem Java, como mecanismo de estruturação de variações gera um overhead (aumento) sobre o tamanho final do codigo compilado. No contexto de LPS de sistemas para plataformas em dispositivos moveis, em plataformas como Java ME, que possuem restrições de memoria, esse overhead pode tornar inviavel o uso do produto final. Neste trabalho, analisamos o impacto do uso de AspectJ como mecanismo de estruturação de variações sobre o tamanho do codigo compilado e investigamos os motivos por tras deste aumento. Para tal, utilizamos o BestLap e o Juggling, duas LPS de jogos para dispositivos Java ME que possuem uma versão puramente pre-processada e uma versão hibrida, que utiliza pre-processamento e AspectJ. Utilizamos o BestLap na analise de tamanho para quanticar o overhead com dois compiladores AspectJ, o ajc e o abc. Em seguida, analisamos o codigo compilado de um subconjunto das construções As pectJ, a fim de identificar quais construções geram overhead no tamanho do codigo compilado e os motivos por tras deste overhead. Esse subconjunto consistiu de todas as construções AspectJ utilizadas na versão híbrida do BestLap e do Juggling, o ultimo utilizado apenas para a elicitação das construções analisadas. Com base nessa investigação, desenvolvemos quatro otimizações para o compilador abc que modificam o codigo compilado de certas construções visando a eliminar o overhead. Apresentamos detalhes da implementação e discutimos as pre-condições e a corretude das otimizações desenvolvidas. Em seguida, apresentamos o resultado da aplicação destas otimizações em duas LPS e discutimos como implementações diferentes, porem equivalentes, da mesma variação em AspectJ podem inviabilizar a aplicação das otimizações Por fim, para garantir que as modificações realizadas pelas otimizações não prejudiquem o desempenho, apresentamos o resultado de testes de desempenho realizados em programas AspectJ usados em benchmarks apos a aplicação das nossas otimizações

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gilcimar computacao.pdf: 1224292 bytes, checksum: 75fac426728d5b453b8844552dd5f88f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-14 / Software quality is aimed at for every person that works with computation. Many techniques, methods and tools have been proposed helping us to get high level software quality. Due to the increase in the number of mobile devices available daily, there is a high number of software products for such devices are under development. To test the software for mobile devices it is important to know the characteristics of both the device and the software itself aiming at to get high quality products. One package of experimentation aiming at evaluating some well known testing techniques applied in mobile software is proposed. This work describe the proposed package, the results obtained after three replications, and highlight which technique is more adequate for grant quality in Java ME software. The replications occur in a controlled environment, producing a consistent information database about the usage of the testing techniques in JavaME programs. New replications can be carried out for collecting more data and increasing the confidence in the results obtained so far. The final objective, after many replications, is to develop one incremental strategy for testing Java ME software. A preliminary version of this strategy is presented in this work and can be further refined. Moreover, the data obtained during the experiment helps improving the JaBUTi/ME testing tool, aiming at to maximize the support and reduce the cost of the testing activity / A qualidade de software é almejada por todos profissionais da computação. Muitas técnicas, métodos e ferramentas foram propostas para ajudar a alcançar um alto grau de qualidade no software. Devido ao aumento no número de dispositivos móveis no mercado diariamente, uma grande quantidade de software para esses dispositivos está em desenvolvimento. Para realizar os testes nos softwares para dispositivos móveis é importante levar em consideração as características tanto do dispositivo quanto do software visando a obter um produto de qualidade. Um pacote de experimentação que visa avaliar algumas das mais conhecidas técnicas de teste de software aplicadas no contexto de programas para dispositivos móveis é proposto. O presente trabalho apresenta o pacote proposto, bem como os resultados obtidos após as três replicações deste pacote e mostra qual técnica, dentre as avaliadas, é mais adequada para garantir mais qualidade ao produto de software JavaME. As replicações desse pacote foram executadas em ambiente controlado, e apresenta uma base de informações consistentes sobre o uso das técnicas de teste em programas Java ME. Novas replicações podem ser realizadas para coletar mais dados e aumentar a confiança dos resultados obtidos até o momento. O objetivo final, após uma série de replicações é o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia incremental para o teste de produtos de software Java ME. Uma versão inicial dessa estratégia é apresentada neste trabalho e pode ser refinada futuramente. Além disso, os dados obtidos durante os experimentos servem de subsídios para a melhoria constante da ferramenta de teste JaBUTi/ME, visando sempre a maximizar o auxílio e reduzir os custos na condução da atividade de teste

This thesis investigates ways in which literature, in this case the novel Letters From the Inside, can be used in teaching English and how it can support personal growth. The teaching is undertaken in the context of reader response, which basically means that readers use their previous knowledge to interact with texts. Langer’s envisionments and Chambers’ Tell me-approach serve as the theoretical framework; both are related to each other and to personal growth. The selection of books is discussed and the importance of choosing a book that is relevant for the pupils is pointed out, as well as the obvious statement that motivation rises when the chosen novel is appreciated by the reader who has affinity with the characters. Conclusions drawn are that personal growth is a wide concept, for which interaction is important, since it may increase the understanding of others. A tolerant and safe classroom environment is necessary, especially if you want pupils to discuss personal and perhaps, subjects that are sensitive to them.

Today’s society is one where technological advances are made daily, which increases the need to stop and assess the risks against users’ integrity when integrating new technology in contemporary systems all the greater. We have taken two technologies, Near Field Communication and Certified Wireless USB, whose envisioned area of use is to be integrated into mobile phones, and evaluated what security threats are revealed for the respective technologies. The threats against security have been identified through research of the standards and existing reports for each technology. Practical experiments have not been conducted on account of us not having access to any equipment to run such trials. The result of our studies is indecisive; pitched against Certified Wireless USB’s rigorous and robust security measures, implemented on hardware level, Near Field Communication’s lack of any such security implementations shines all the brighter. The real difference can be traced to the philosophy behind the technologies – Certified Wireless USB can be perceived as a complete product, while Near Field Communication bears more resemblance to a tool. In order to safely use a tool, knowledge about its use is required, thus in order to securely use Near Field Communication we propose two solutions; secure channel and secure identification, which developers can implement on a software level. Furthermore, we suggest that the implementation of security should be based on an incremental model where the security measures are scaled up in direct correlation with the sensitivity of the information managed. Our results imply that Near Field Communication does not have the inherent security that it should have in order to be safely and securely integrated into any system as it is. Therefore, measures have to be taken in order to implement this technology securely on a software level. For Certified Wireless USB it implies that nothing further is needed to achieve a secure implementation as the only weakness it displays is against Side Channel attacks, which are so complicated (and require direct access to the system) that we have deemed them unlikely to be attempted.

Det primära syftet med den här studien är att ta reda på om bildkomposition har en betydande roll i den visuella gestaltningen av karaktärers emotioner. Studien grundas i en kvantitativt riktad komparativ analys som tittar på hur bildkompositionen används som förstärkande medel för den visuella gestaltningen av huvudkaraktärens emotioner och emotionella tillstånd i den svenska filmen Låt den rätte komma in jämfört med den amerikanska versionen av samma berättelse Let me in. Med fokus på de fyra sekvenserna i berättelsen där huvudkaraktären blir utsatt för mobbning. Resultatet visar på att det finns tydliga samband mellan bildkompositionen och den visuella gestaltningen av emotion i båda filmerna. Den svenska versionen visar dock på ett mer gediget bildspråk som skapar fler intressanta associationer mellan bildkompositionen och karaktärens emotioner än den amerikanska versionen. Således blev slutsatsen att bildkomposition är en berättarkomponent som innehar en viktig roll i filmens funktion att beröra.

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Background and Aims: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) remains a poorly understood condition, shrouded in uncertainty and dispute. Research suggests this context to have a profound bearing on those touched by the condition, impacting significantly on their experience and the narratives constructed thereof. However, no studies examining the narratives of partners of individuals affected by CFS/ME appear to have been carried out to date. Based upon this gap in the literature, this study sought to hear the narratives of partners of adults living with CFS/ME, giving particular consideration to the ways in which these narratives were told to an outsider, and how the outsider may have influenced the narrative. Methodology: This study drew on a qualitative approach. A purposive sample of six partners of adults affected by CFS/ME (4 men and 2 women) was recruited. Individual interviews were conducted that were audio-recorded and transcribed. Narrative analysis was used to analyse the transcripts, focusing principally on how participants narrated their accounts, as well as on the content of narratives and the narrative and discursive features that shaped the telling of the accounts. Analysis and Findings: Multiple readings of the narratives identified two areas of collective focus within participants' accounts - 'stories from then' and 'stories from now'. Some similarities in how 'stories from now' were told were seen to emerge down gender lines. Notably participants' storytelling could be seen to represent a form of response to wider narratives that purvey around CFS/ME, with participants' being observed to construct particular meanings around CFS/ME, as well as particular 'identities' of themselves, their partner, their relationship and 'others' who had played a key role in their story of living with the condition. The findings are discussed in terms of their potential bearing for clinical practice and future research endeavours. In addition, the strengths and the limitations of the research are considered.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / This study was based on Dioxy MP 14 (DMP), a brand of stabilized chlorine dioxide (SCD). The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of DMP is chlorine dioxide (CD) which is a potent oxidant and biocide. These properties have proved invaluable for various applications. The main goals of this study were: to evaluate the effectiveness of DMP for disinfecting Mycobateria tuberculosis (TB) contaminated medical instruments, devices, floors and surfaces; to investigate the stability of DMP; and to explore possibilities for medical application of DMP. Evaluation of disinfectant activity of DMP on TB was performed using the spectrophotometric method, a modification of the European suspension test, EN 14348. M. bovis BCG was employed as surrogate in this test. Results were as follows: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC₉₀) = 12.5 ppm; the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) = 15.4 ppm; the Mycobactericidal Effect (ME) = 8.8log reduction; and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC₉₀) x minimum exposure time (CT) = 12.5 ppm.s. The long term stability study of DMP was performed by monitoring the rate of degradation of DMP stored in the fridge (2-8 °C), in the oven (40 °C), and under ambient conditions (15-30 °C). Analytical methods of assessing DMP concentration was by Iodometric titration method. The shelf life of DMP stored in a transparent bottle at room temperature was 9.8 weeks, as opposed to 52.7 weeks when stored in an amber colored reagent bottle at the same temperature. Both oven samples had an expiry date of about 20 weeks and the fridge samples about 70 weeks. Foam formulations for a vaginal douche (VGD), mouth rinse (MRF), and foot/sit bubble bath (F/SBB)], were developed in the laboratory. DMP and the formulated concentrate were designed to be mixed just prior to administration. During foam evaluation studies, a mechanical overhead stirrer was used to generate foam. Foamability was assessed by quantifying the amount of foam generated. The stability of foams were assessed by: 1) determining the rate of foam decay and the rate of foam drainage observed concurrently from foam loaded in a measuring cylinder; and 2) determining the life span of single bubbles of each foam system i.e. the bubble breaking time (BBT). The density of each foam system was also determined. Potentiometric acid base titration was used to select suitable adjuster alkali, and to show the benefits of employing a buffer. Concentrate development was initiated by a simple mixture of all the ingredients followed by stirring and observing the deviations from desired quality attributes of the product. The subsequent five processes were improvements designed to circumvent the shortcomings of the initial procedure to arrive at the optimized method E. Prototype formulations were employed to optimize excipient quantities to eventually arrive at an optimized master formula. In foam evaluation, it was found that sodium lauryl sulphate/ammonium lauryl sulphate/cocoamidopropyl betaine/cetostearyl alcohol (SLS/ALS/CAPB/CSA) foam system was the most appropriate to use in the formulation. NaOH was selected as the adjuster solution and KHP as the buffer. The dosage formula (DF) of the VGD and F/SBB was determined to be MDF = 5 ml of 50 ppm DMP + 5 ml concentrate + 40 ml water = 50 ml and that of MRF as MDF = 19 ml diluted concentrate + 1 ml of 50 ppm DMP. In conclusion, DMP was found to be a highly effective disinfectant against Mycobacteria. DMP has reasonable shelf life if stored appropriately. Pharmaceutical formulation from DMP was found to be delicate due to the narrow pH window of DMP stability, but is feasible.

The Bay of Islands Ophiolitic Complex (BOIC) is one of most well preserved and well-exposed ophiolites in the world. The BOIC consist of four massifs; these are the Table Mountain (TBL), North Arm Mountain (NAM), Blow-Me-Down Mountain (BMD) and Lewis Hills massifs. Proposed geological environments of the BOIC in Newfoundland are diverse; ranging from oceanic spreading ridge to supra-subduction setting. The BOIC has a complete ophiolite sequence as defined at the Penrose Conference (Anonymous, 1972) including ultramafic mantle rocks, ultramafic to gabbroic cumulate rocks, sheeted dikes, pillowed basaltic rocks and capping sedimentary rocks in structurally ascending order. We studied harzburgite and overlying massive dunite in the BOIC. Harzburgite is generally medium-grained, and contains olivine, orthopyroxene, Cr-spinel, clinopyroxene and rare sulfide minerals. Harzburgite is massive to strongly deformed, with local development of mylonitic shear zones. A foliation and lineation are defined by elongated and fragmented grains of orthopyroxene and Cr-spinel. Dikes, sills, veins, and irregularly-shaped bodies of dunite and pyroxenite are present throughout the harzburgite unit. Dunite is the predominant lithology of the Blow-Me-Down Mountain. It is typically fine- to medium-grained, massive, and contains minor Cr-spinel and rare sulfide minerals. Dunite contains olivine, Cr-spinel and minor pyroxenes in some samples. Olivine crystals are commonly partly replaced by serpentine along fractures and in outer rims. Bulk rock and mineral composition data suggest that harzburgites are mild to highly refractory mantle residues after partial melting. In contrast all dunite samples show a cumulate geochemical signature from a mafic melt that originated from highly refractory mantle peridotites. Our study suggest that the harzburgite in the BOIC originally formed as oceanic lithosphere at a slow spreading ridge, possibly in the vicinity of active arc systems, whereas the parental melt for dunites formed in subduction setting. The second part of this study measured trace element compositions for olivine, Cr-spinel and bulk rock of dunite. The measured bulk rock compositions are compared to those of calculated based on mineral chemistry and their abundance. This comparison suggests that the trapped melt fraction was negligible during the crystallization of the dunites. The calculated melt compositions for the dunites confirm that the melt formed in subduction setting.