Magister Public Health - MPH / The study findings were thematically grouped into three themes including the coordination and partnerships, culture and implementation challenges. Poor coordination and failure of systems in place appeared to characterise the many challenges. Gender inequalities and masculine dominated cultural practices like polygamy and widow inheritance are associated with consequences of ill health among women; including high HIV/AIDS prevalence, early marriage, high teenage pregnancies and high maternal mortality. Although these practices are in favor of men, they hardly protect them from the wrath of poor RH like STDS, HIV/AIDS, stressful big families and vast poverty. Hence, Tanzanian men are also victims of their own behavior. / South Africa

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-12T16:47:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nataliaanadecarvalho.pdf: 891159 bytes, checksum: 0385c7f940e28e40c5101bfbe6ceaba8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:16:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nataliaanadecarvalho.pdf: 891159 bytes, checksum: 0385c7f940e28e40c5101bfbe6ceaba8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:17:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nataliaanadecarvalho.pdf: 891159 bytes, checksum: 0385c7f940e28e40c5101bfbe6ceaba8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T17:17:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nataliaanadecarvalho.pdf: 891159 bytes, checksum: 0385c7f940e28e40c5101bfbe6ceaba8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pesquisa qualitativa utilizando a abordagem teórico-filosófico-metodológico de Martin Heidegger, com o objetivo de desvelar o vivido do homem após o diagnóstico de câncer de próstata. O projeto foi encaminhado ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, para cumprimento dos aspectos éticos e legais, atendendo à Resolução n° 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, sendo deferido com o parecer nº 525.352. O cenário constitui-se de um Hospital de Ensino da Zona da Mata Mineira e teve como participantes quinze homens que receberam o diagnóstico de câncer de próstata. Os depoimentos foram colhidos por meio da entrevista fenomenológica e emergiram, das estruturas essenciais, as Unidades de Significado. A compreensão vaga e mediana dos significados, primeiro momento metódico, possibilitou a elaboração do fio condutor para a análise interpretativa hermenêutica, segundo momento metódico. Desvelou-se à luz do pensamento de Heidegger que o homem, quando recebe o diagnóstico de câncer de próstata, sentese ameaçado pela doença e por suas consequências, desenvolvendo o movimento da angústia imprópria apresentando o temor, pavor, horror e terror. O ser-aí-apósdiagnóstico- de-câncer-de-próstata, lançado na sua facticidade, expressa um movimento de inautenticidade determinado pelo impessoal, ficando exposto ao falatório e à ambiguidade de tudo o diz a respeito ao câncer de próstata, e, assim, apresenta-se de-caídos. Evidenciaram-se as invisibilidades dos profissionais e serviços de saúde no atendimento a esse homem, marcados pela inautenticidade e impessoalidade. Este estudo, considerando os sentidos desvelados, enfatiza a contribuição para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência ao homem, ratificando ser necessário atender não somente à dimensão física, mas aos aspectos emocionais, sociais e espirituais, frente às atuais Políticas Públicas de Saúde do Homem. E que estas e outras reflexões possibilitam novas fontes de atuação à saúde do homem, além de contribuírem no atendimento às suas necessidades quando diagnosticado com câncer de próstata. / Qualitative research based on Heideggerian's theoretical, philosophical and methodological approach, in order to unveil the lived experiences of men after the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, for ethical and legal issues according to National Health Council Resolution n° 466/2012 and was accepted under n° 525.352. The research setting was a teaching hospital at Zona da Mata Mineira and the subjects were fifteen men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Interviews were conducted through phenomenological interviews and some units of signification have emerged from essential structures. Vague and median understanding, the first methodical moment, allowed the development of the central research thread towards the interpretive hermeneutic analysis, called the second methodical moment. In light of Heidegger's thought, it has been shown that the moment this man is diagnosed with prostate cancer he feels threatened by the disease and its consequences, reporting an improper anguish with fear, dread, horror and terror. The being-thereafter- diagnosis-of-prostate-cancer in his facticity reveals an inauthenticity determined by the impersonal being exposed to chattering and the ambiguity over all the aspects related to prostate cancer leading him to decay. The invisibilities of professionals and health services characterized by inauthenticity and impersonality were present in delivering care to man. Regarding the senses unveiled this study emphasizes the contribution provided to improve the quality care delivered to men showing how necessary it is to consider not only physical but emotional, social and spiritual aspects, in view of current Public Policies on Male Health. Furthermore these insights and many others may enable new sources of assistance targeting men’s health, helping to meet their needs when they have to face diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Medical male circumcision prevalence in Lesotho remains at 23% even though efforts are made to encourage men to be circumcised. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe perceptions of men regarding male circumcision in a hospital in Morija, Lesotho and make recommendations on how to promote uptake of medical male circumcision. A descriptive, explorative and contextual qualitative design was used. In-depth, unstructured individual interviews were conducted on ten (10) uncircumcised men who were selected via purposive sampling. The findings revealed that men’s perceptions on circumcision can be classified under the following themes: perceived health beliefs of men about circumcision, perceived community-held beliefs about circumcision, men’s knowledge regarding circumcision, and perceived misconceptions about circumcision. It is recommended that knowledge on circumcision be reinforced and negative perceptions be corrected with the multi-sectoral approach to promote uptake of circumcision services. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public health)

In 2006, the Swedish government established the gender equality policy "women and men should have the same power to shape the society and their own lives", together with six sub-goals. This thesis has examined the governments sixth equality sub-goal "men's violence against women should cease". There is a national strategy to prevent and combat this violence, where collaboration is highlighted as an important factor. The thesis also elevates how men´s violence against women in close relationships is currently a global societal problem that extends beyond categories such as social class, ethnicity, age et cetera.  The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the local collaboration is structured and worksbetween the police, social services and the women's shelter in Västerås, regarding the implementation of the governments sixth equality sub-goal. A qualitative method was used in form of semi-structured interviews to answer the purpose and the questions of the thesis. Two employees from each authority and a non-profit organization were selected as informants, determined through three categories. The theoretical framework was based both on a collaborative theory and an implementation theory.  The result showed that collaboration is necessary as a method while working for women who are vulnerable to violence in order for them to receive adequate support and assistance. It´s also important for the employees, since no individual authority or organization can be responsible to solve men's violence against women. Currently, the collaboration between the three actors in Västerås work relatively well. However, this thesis shows that more resources need to be invested in the collaboration. Communication needs to be improved and clearer goals that formulates the legitimacy of everyone participating in the collaboration work need to be set. The conclusion partly shows that collaboration needs, not only to exist, but also be prioritized at all levels of the institutions working with this issue. Even politicians need to prioritize and invest resources that may enable a well-functioning collaboration which is vital for the work against men’s violence against women.

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att analysera hur representationen av män som utövar partnervåld förändrats över en trettioårig tidsperiod i riktlinjer gällande socialnämndens arbete med våld i nära relationer. Genom en kvalitativ dokumentstudie undersöktes 12 dokument rörande riktlinjer för socialnämndens arbete med våld i nära relationer från tidsnedslagen 1990-1998, 2005-2009, 2014-2016 samt 2020-2022. Tre dokument per tidsnedslag. Studien undersökte på vilket sätt våldsutövande män identifieras i riktlinjerna, vilka diskurser som kan utläsas ur riktlinjerna gällande våldsutövande män samt om representationen av våldsutövande män förändrats i riktlinjerna över tid. Uppsatsen har haft en abduktiv ansats tillsammans med en ontologisk utgångspunkt i det socialkonstruktivistiska perspektivet. Riktlinjerna analyserades utifrån Bacchis policyanalys “What’s the problem represented to be?”, som är en form av kvalitativ diskursanalys, samt utifrån tidigare forskning och valda teoretiska ramverk. Ett första resultat har visat på att våldsutövande män identifierats som “problemet” i riktlinjerna. Genom att identifieras som orsaken till våldet tilldelas männen även en maktposition där de har makten att upprätthålla våldet. Männen beskrivs utöva våldet i syfte att uttrycka en “manlig identitet”. Ett andra resultat har visat att diskurser som kunnat utläsas handlar om könsroller där männen beskrivs som “starka” och kvinnorna som “svaga”. Detta stärks genom hur insatserna är utformade och vem som anses ha rätt till stöd. Genus har därmed spelat en stor roll kring att förklara grunden till de diskurser gällande våldsutövande män, som kunnat utläsas ur riktlinjerna. Ett tredje resultat har även visat att representationen av våldsutövande män i riktlinjerna förändrats över tid. I de tidigare dokumenten används könsmaktsperspektivet som förklaringsmodell och våldsutövare beskrivs som en homogen grupp. I de senare dokumenten beskrivs våldsutövare som en heterogen grupp, där vikt läggs vid individuella orsaker snarare än kön.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Men’s adherence to masculinity norms has been implicated as a risk factor for unhealthy behaviors (e.g., drinking to intoxication, having unprotected sex with multiple, simultaneous partners) and lack of engagement in healthy behaviors (e.g., blood pressure screening, cholesterol screening, wearing protective clothing while in the sun, receipt of annual medical and dental exams) (Boman & Walker, 2010; Courtenay, 2000a, 2000b, 2011; Hammond, Matthews, & Corbie-Smith, 2010; Iwamoto, Cheng, Lee, Takamatsu, & Gordon, 2011; Locke & Mahalik, 2005; Mahalik, Lagan, & Morrison, 2006; Mahalik et al., 2003; Nicholas, 2000; Pachankis, Westmaas, & Dougherty, 2011; Pleck, Sonenstein, & Ku, 1993; Wade, 2009). Masculinity has been defined as behaviors, beliefs, and personality characteristics associated more often with men than women as well as characteristics and behaviors that society prescribes and reinforces in men (Thompson, Pleck, & Ferrera, 1992). Rooted in geographical, cultural, and temporal environments, diverse masculinities have emerged throughout the United States and the world (Connell, 1995; Courtenay, 2011). Traditional masculinity beliefs and behaviors in the United States include the sturdy oak (men should be tough, self-reliant, stoic, and confident), no sissy stuff (men should avoid feminine characteristics and behaviors), the big wheel (men should strive for success and status), and give ‘em hell (men should embrace aggressiveness, daring, and violence) (Brannon, 1976). Numerous qualitative studies have suggested that some men find cancer screening examinations involving the rectum (i.e., endoscopy for colorectal cancer [CRC] screening or digital rectal examination [DRE] for prostate cancer screening) an affront to their masculinity (see Table 1 for quotations from these studies) (Bass et al., 2011; Beeker, Kraft, Southwell, & Jorgensen, 2000; Getrich et al., 2012; Goldman, Diaz, & Kim, 2009; Harvey & Alston, 2011; Holt et al., 2009; Jilcott Pitts et al., 2013; Jones, Devers, Kuzel, & Woolf, 2010; Rivera-Ramos & Buki, 2011; Thompson, Reeder, & Abel, 2011; Wackerbarth, Peters, & Haist, 2005; Winterich et al., 2009). However, to the author’s knowledge, no quantitative studies have considered the role of masculinity in CRC screening adherence. Unfortunately, current CRC screening rates fall below the 70.5% Healthy People 2020 screening objective (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).Research is needed to better understand relationships between men’s masculinity norms and CRC screening adherence so that interventions may be developed to reduce barriers to screening, improve screening rates, and, ultimately, decrease men’s mortality from CRC. The present study will address this gap in the literature by examining the masculinity norms and CRC screening adherence of male veterans aged 51-75 years who are at average CRC risk (Levin et al., 2008). First, the prevalence of CRC, its risk factors and warning signs as well as CRC screening techniques, screening rates, and characteristics of individuals who are adherent and non-adherent to CRC screening guidelines are summarized. Next, the concept of masculinity, theoretical and empirical support for studying masculinity norms within the context of CRC screening, and potential relationships between masculinity norms and colorectal cancer screening behaviors are described. Finally, the study methods, results, and future directions and limitations of this research are described.

This qualitative study is based on interviews about womens experiences of mental pain due to violence in close relationships. Men’s violence against women in close partner relationships is a major societal problem today not only in Sweden but also worldwide. The most common violence that occurs are the ones at home which makes it a hidden problem. Therefore the lack of knowledge about the subject makes it difficult to prevent it from happening. The purpose of this essay was to study women's experiences of violence in close relationships and how they feel that they have been affected by the psychological pain that has arisen as a result of violence in close relationships or harassment that they have experienced. The violence can be psychological, physical and sexual and the abuser successively takes control over the women and her life. A qualitative study was conducted with a thematic analysis and interview guide where women had been in contact with different women’s shelter. The results showed that we need to work further with violence and include preventioned work

This study proposes a loyalty segmentation model for the South African men's retail credit fashion industry. Retailers operate in a highly competitive market where competitors strive for share-of-wallet of the same customer. The likely victor in this battle is the retailer who best understands customer needs, purchase behaviour and utilises this information to influence customer's spending patterns. The research method comprised a postal survey to randomly selected customers. The process included the construct of the loyalty model which comprised four input models, namely the Competitiveness, Brand experience, Referral and Credit appeal models as well as a number of customer demographics. The Desert scenario, where extreme conditions exist, is used as the analogy for the Segmentation model, with four macro segments (Desert, Oasis, Sand Storm, Rain clouds) being used to categorise respondents along two criteria, namely that of value and relative risk. Segment characteristics are used to segment the retailer's database. / Business Management / MCom (Business Management)

在以性別作為主要分眾依據的時尚雜誌中，男性與女性時尚雜誌對於不同性別的人物報導呈現方式有何差異？本研究引用角色理論、刻板印象概念相關之論述，對時尚雜誌中的封面，以及人物報導文章中的標題、圖片與文字描述等作量化式的內容分析，以探究時尚雜誌中性別角色描繪的區隔方式。 結果顯示男性雜誌中的男性人物通常被賦予嚴謹、理性印象，並且透過與女性化關聯意涵的隔離，刻畫一具「絕對的男子氣概」角色形象；男性雜誌中的女性角色則以表面化、簡單化、帶性意涵的方式呈現，職業角色極微，以符合刻板化典範的策略呈現之。 女性雜誌中的男性性別角色呈現，能允許部分非慣俗刻板印象，但僅限於外顯行為，大部分內容仍為刻板印象的複製；女性雜誌中的女性角色則相對能夠包容最多非刻板印象的角色呈現，內在部分刻畫具嚴謹性，職業形象鮮明，然外在描述則仍著重服裝、外貌身材部分，強調女性氣質，兩造形象的結合實為回應時尚雜誌商業訴求下的女性角色呈現模式。 研究建議後續相關的研究方向應可納入雜誌編輯的意見，以利更加明確的瞭解時尚雜誌行文編輯中運用以描繪性別角色之策略；另外，對閱聽人解讀效果的研究也利綜覽整個時尚雜誌性別角色呈現的傳播過程及其影響。 / To realize the differences of sex roles displayed between men's and women's fashion magazine, this study analyzed the headlines, pictures and contents in the interview articles of famous persons in both men's and women's magazines by quantitative content analysis. Based on the role theory, concepts of stereotype, and theories of communication, the study investigated how fashion magazines try to make distinction between male and female characters. The results of this study suggest 4 conclusions. 1) In men's magazines, male character is often described as serious and rational. Besides, by segregating from any feminine inference, men's magazines portray male character as "absolute masculinity". 2) In men's magazines, female character is simplified, and implied with sexual meaning. Moreover, female's occupational role is rarely mentioned, which is a strategy following stereotyped paradigm. 3) In women's magazines, male character is allowed to show part of unaccustomed image, but only limited to outward behaviors. Most contents still reproduce stereotyped sex roles. 4) Compared with men's magazines, women's magazines tend to grant the female character most non-stereotyped images in their displays. Internally, the female character is often described as staid and professional, while the external focus still centers on dressing, appearances and body shape. In effect, combining these two dimensions above is the strategy adopted by women's fashion magazines in order to fulfill commercial requests. This study also points out some potential issues for following researches. For example, the opinions of magazine editors could be involved to deepen the understanding of the sex-role displaying strategies. Moreover, exploring the effects of audience's interpretation also helps to overview the whole communicating process of sex-role concepts between readers and fashion magazines, and its upcoming influence.

"The problem of this study was to find out if there were any causative factors inherent within the North Texas State College new men's dormitory, the Quadrangle, which were detrimental to the development of incoming college male students."--1.