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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Modeling and empirically assessing climate policies and asset stranding / Patterns of policy-induced losses in the fossil fuel extraction, power, and financial sector

von Dulong, Angelika 07 August 2023 (has links)
Die Umsetzung einer effektiven Klimapolitik ermöglicht die Verringerung von Treibhausgasemissionen und damit die Eindämmung des Klimawandels. Eine solche Politik hat jedoch negative Auswirkungen auf die direkt oder indirekt in der fossilen Industrie tätigen Akteure, wenn deren Vermögensgegenstände wertlos werden (auch „Asset Stranding“ genannt). Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Wechselwirkung zwischen Klimapolitik und Asset Stranding: Sie untersucht angebotsseitige Politikmaßnahmen in der fossilen Brennstoffindustrie, das Ausmaß und die Verteilung von Asset Stranding auf Ebene der Anlagenbesitzer im Energiesektor und die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Asset Stranding, Erwartungen über Klimapolitik und systemischen Finanzkrisen. Darüber hinaus gibt die Arbeit einen Überblick über die Literatur im Bereich Klimaökonomie zu Asset Stranding und zu entgangenen Gewinnen der Produzenten fossiler Brennstoffe aufgrund von Klimapolitik. Die Arbeit besteht aus fünf Artikeln (Kapitel 2-6), die von einer allgemeinen Einleitung und einer Schlussfolgerung umschlossen werden. / The implementation of effective climate policies facilitates reducing greenhouse gas emissions and thereby mitigating climate change. Such policies, however, have adverse effects on stakeholders directly or indirectly engaged in the fossil industry if they find the value of their assets "stranded". This thesis contributes to our understanding of the interaction between climate policies and asset stranding: It studies supply-side policies in the upstream fossil fuel extraction industry, the extent and distribution of stranded assets at the asset owner level in the power sector, and the interaction of asset stranding, expectations of climate policies, and financial systemic crises. Further, the thesis surveys the climate economics literature on stranded assets and fossil fuel producers' lost profits due to climate policies. The thesis is a compilation of five articles (Chapters 2-6) encased by a general introduction and a conclusion.
42

Framing and Voting / The German Immigration Debate and the Effects of News Coverage on Political Preferences

Berk, Nicolai 03 April 2024 (has links)
Eine umfangreiche Literatur zu Framing-Effekten legt nahe, dass Bürger nur über begrenzte politische Präferenzen verfügen. Wenn die öffentliche Meinung so offen für Einflussnahme ist, stellt sie ein wackliges Fundament für den demokratischen Prozess dar. Diese Dissertation stellt daher die Frage, wie sich vorherige experimentelle Erkenntnisse auf komplexe, reale Situationen übertragen lassen und ob Framing auch Wahlabsichten beeinflussen kann. Sie entwickelt eine Methode zur automatischen Identifizierung von Nachrichtenframes. Die Dissertation präsentiert Original- und Sekundärdaten und untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Nachrichten-Framing, Migrationseinstellungen und Wahlabsichten. Sie bietet einen Überblick über die Darstellung der Einwanderung in den deutschen Nachrichtenmedien und zeigt, dass weder die Aufmerksamkeit noch das Framing von Migration den Aufstieg der rechtsradikalen AfD erklären können. Anschließend nutzt sie eine Änderung in der Migrationsberichterstattung Deutschlands größter Boulevardzeitung, Bild, und zeigt begrenzte Auswirkungen auf politische Einstellungen und Wahlabsichten ihrer Leser auf. Das letzte empirische Kapitel präsentiert experimentelle Daten, die aufzeigen, dass Framing lediglich die Wahlabsichten eher uninformierter Bürger beeinflusst. Die Ergebnisse tragen zum besseren Verständnis von Framing-Effekten bei und legen nahe, dass Einstellungen von Bürgern nicht so leicht manipuliert werden können und die Macht der Nachrichtenmedien begrenzter ist als oft angenommen. Stattdessen finden Framing-Effekte unter sehr spezifischen Bedingungen statt, die häufig nicht erfüllt sind. Das sich abzeichnende Bild der öffentlichen Meinung zeichnet sich durch kristallisierte Einstellungen aus, die ausschliesslich auf neuartige Ereignisse reagieren. Aus dieser Sicht ist Politik ein Muster aufeinander folgender kritischer Ereignisse, von denen jedes eine einzigartige Gelegenheit bietet, das vorherrschende Verständnis eines Themas zu ändern. / A large experimental literature on framing effects suggests that citizens form rather limited political preferences, open to severe manipulation. If citizens’ attitudes were always so easily malleable for media outlets and political actors, it would not constitute a very meaningful input for the democratic process. This dissertation asks how these experimental findings translate into complex, realworld news environments and whether news frames structure citizens’ voting intentions. It provides a clear conceptualization of frames, on which it builds a method to identify news frames automatically, and theorises a link between news frames and voting intentions. The dissertation presents original and secondary data, exploring the relationship of news framing, immigration attitudes, and voting intentions. Providing a broad overview of immigration framing in the German news media, it shows that neither immigration attention nor framing can explain the rise of the radical-right AfD. It then exploits a change in the immigration framing of Germany’s largest tabloid, Bild, showing that this shift had no effects on immigration attitudes or voting intentions among its readers. The final empirical chapter presents experimental evidence revealing that framing only affects voting intentions among rather uninformed citizens. The findings contribute to the study of framing and public opinion, suggesting that citizens’ attitudes are not as easily manipulated and the power of the news media more limited than often thought. Instead, framing effects take place under highly specific conditions, which are often not fulfilled. The emerging picture of public opinion is one of crystallized and resistant attitudes, which only respond to novel events. In other words: whoever gets to the voter first, wins. Politics, in this view, is a pattern of critical events following upon each other, each presenting a unique opportunity to change the dominant understanding of an issue.
43

La communication d'élèves malentendants intégrés en classe ordinaire au Québec

Cloutier, Alexandra 05 1900 (has links)
Depuis le début des années 80, les systèmes d’éducation à travers le monde recommandent l’intégration des élèves malentendants en classe ordinaire. Malgré l’utilisation d’aides auditives et de système MF, les élèves vivent des périodes où l’amplification reçue est insuffisante ou non optimale. Ces périodes sont causées par des facteurs influençant leurs conditions de communication et cela peut nuire à leurs apprentissages. Pourtant, les études sur ces situations vécues par les élèves ont très peu considéré leur point de vue. L’étude présentée vise à 1) de documenter les perceptions des situations de communication en classe mentionnées par des élèves malentendants intégrés, appareillés et ayant un système MF décerné ou rapportées à des professionnels; 2) de comprendre le contexte dans lequel des conditions non optimales de communication surviennent; 3) d’identifier les stratégies compensatoires rapportées par l’élève ou son locuteur ou déployées lors de leur participation aux activités de classe. Cette étude de cas multiples combine des données qualitatives et quantitatives recueillies à partir d’entrevues en profondeur auprès de huit élèves malentendants, de courtes entrevues avec leur enseignant et leur intervenant principal et une session d’observation en classe au cours de laquelle le niveau de bruit a été mesuré et les positions de l’enseignant ont été notées. Les données ont été analysées de manière longitudinale afin de décrire les participants et transversale afin de les comparer. Les résultats montrent que les élèves malentendants parlent de leurs situations de communication en classe, surtout les plus difficiles en associant toutes leurs difficultés au locuteur ou au milieu et non à eux-mêmes. Pour ce qui est du contexte, des niveaux élevés de bruit ont été mesurés et les positions des enseignants montrent qu’ils sont généralement loin de l’enfant malentendant ou qu’ils ne lui font pas face. Par ailleurs, les enseignants mentionnent ne pas avoir assez d’informations pour bien venir en aide à ces élèves. Enfin, les élèves et leurs enseignants utilisent différentes stratégies de communication, mais celles-ci ne sont pas toujours efficaces pour faciliter la communication. Toutes ces constatations mènent à des pistes de solutions visant à améliorer les situations de communication en classe et le contexte dans lequel les élèves apprennent, notamment l’accroissement des connaissances des divers acteurs et de leur collaboration entre eux. / For more than three decades, school authorities have encouraged the education of children with hearing loss in inclusive settings. Despite the use of technologies such as hearing aids and FM systems and because of a series of factors influencing verbal communication conditions, hearing-impaired students integrated in mainstreamed classes experience periods of non-optimal amplification that can hamper learning activities. Only a few studies have been conducted by taking the students’ points of view into consideration. This study aims at 1) documenting the perceptions that mainstreamed hearing-impaired students using amplification and allowed to a FM system have or have reported to professionals of their communication situations in class, 2) describing the context in which communication conditions occur, 3) identifying the compensatory strategies known or used by students and speakers while they participate in class activities. This multiple-case study combines qualitative and quantitative data collected from in-depth interviews with eight hearing-impaired students, from short interviews with each student’s teacher and main professional, and from observation sessions during which the level of noise in the classroom were measured and the positions of the teacher were noted. The data were analyzed longitudinally to describe the students and transversely to compare the students. The results showed that hearing-impaired elementary school students can talk about their classroom communication situations; often, for the most difficult ones, students relate all of their difficulties to the speaker and the environment, and not to themselves. As for the context, the results showed that teachers were mostly far from the students and not facing them, that formal teaching was not often done, and that classrooms were noisy. Furthermore, teachers mention that they didn’t have enough information in order to fully help these students. Teachers and students also use different communication strategies, but these strategies are not always efficient in improving communication. All of these results point to solutions for improving classroom communication and the context in which students learn by increasing knowledge and collaboration between the different actors.
44

Srovnávací analýza příloh celostátních deníků Salon, Kavárna, Orientace / Comparative analysis of the national newspaper supplements Salon, Kavarna and Orientace

Farná, Kateřina January 2010 (has links)
Diploma thesis "Comparison analyses of national newspaper supplements Salon, Kavarna and Orientace" analyses supplements of national, daily released newspapers: Pravo (Salon), Mlada fronta DNES (Kavarna) and Lidove noviny (Orientace). Essential methods used in this work are quantitative analysis, applied to specified moths during years 2006-2008, and chronological analysis of chosen issues during years 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2005. Based on them, various evaluations of supplement main characteristics, specific features and differences were observed. Most important characteristics investigated in the work are: supplement content and graphic conception, placement within the carrying newspaper, structure of published literature forms, themes and sub-themes. There can be also found summary of each supplement history, list of its typical authors and internet version description. Author of this thesis also introduced related overview of Czech literary and cultural magazines (Literarni noviny, Host, Divoke vino, Revolver Revue, Tvar nebo A2) and briefly stated profiles of main national newspapers. To gain supplement readers characteristics, approximate sociological questionnaire was processed among university students.
45

Analýza rámcování tématu řecké finanční krize českými tištěnými médii v kontextu voleb do Poslanecké sněmovny ČR v roce 2010 / The frame analysis of the Greek financial crisis in the context of 2010 Czech Parliament election in Czech printed media

Tesař, Pavel January 2014 (has links)
The thesis examines media interpretation of the Greek financial crisis in selected Czech media. It analyzes framing of this issue in Czech daily newspapers MF DNES, Právo, Hospodářské noviny and Lidové noviny in period of the first five months of 2010 (1.1 - 28.5.2010). Theoretical part of this thesis is based on Robert Etman's concept of framing, which was defined in early 90's. The main research question is which aspects of the Greek financial crisis were selected, and/or emphasized by Czech media and what interpretations were created using these constructions. The analysis is focused on qualitative research of selected articles using method of grounded theory. With this method it comes to interpretation of the Greek financial crisis in Czech media, detailed understanding of analyzed texts and setting up basic means of framing that are used by journalists. Quantitative analysis is exploring selected population of articles in specific period of time and answering basic research questions (How was crisis framed? How daily newspapers interpretation varied? In which way was the crisis interpreted from the perspective of Czech political scene? How did framing changed in time?). Sub-hypotheses coming from qualitative analysis are then further tested. Keywords frame analysis, framing, qualitative...
46

Proměna mediálního obrazu Izraele v českém tisku na přelomu 80. a 90.let / The Change of Media Image of Izrael in Czech Press at the Turn of 80ˇs and 90's

Nevyhoštěný, Martin January 2014 (has links)
Thesis titled "The Change of Media image of Israel in Czech Press at the Turn of 80's and 90's" deals with the construction of the media image of Israel in the Rudé právo and Mladá fronta dailies using examples of news about the Lebanon War in 1982 and the outbreak of the first Intifada in 1987. The findings are then compared with media image of Israel in the Mladá fronta Dnes and Lidové noviny dailies and weekly newspa-per Respekt during the Gulf War in 1991 and the signing of the Israeli- Palestinian peace treaty in Oslo in 1993. Research is focused on vocabulary of the news and on historical and political context of Czech-Israeli relations in the eighties and nineties. There is also description of researched newspapers and Czechoslovak media environment and jour-nalistic production in this period. The research method used is qualitative content analy-sis. Media images comparison is based on the selection of specific excerpts from news-paper articles, with the emphasis on a wide range of thematic coverage in the examined periods. List of all researched articles is attached. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
47

Kulturelle Aspekte bezirklicher Verwaltungstransformation

Beckers, Peter 01 December 1998 (has links)
Die Dissertation leistet einen Beitrag zu einem maßgeblichen Diskussionsstrang der Transformationsforschung, der politische, administrative und gesellschaftliche Auswirkungen kultureller Aspekte im Vereinigungs- und Integrationsprozeß Ostdeutschlands analysiert. Am Beispiel Ost-Berliner Bezirksverwaltungen wird der Verlauf ihrer Transformation von einer "real-sozialistischen zur klassisch-(west-)europäischen Verwaltung" (Klaus König) untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Frage, ob Handlungsorientierungen des Personals, welches in der DDR sozialisiert wurde, den radikalen institutionellen Umbruchsprozeß überdauerten und inwieweit solche "legacies" (Hellmut Wollmann) Unterschiede zu Orientierungen des Personals in der West-Berliner Bezirksverwaltung begründen. Zu diesem Zweck rekonstruiert der Verfasser realtypische Handlungsorientierungen im DDR-Verwaltungsbereich Referat Jugendhilfe (Akten- und Dokumentenanalyse, "oral history"-Interviews) und stellt sie mit Hilfe eines fünfdimensionalen Schemas denen in der Verwaltung westdeutscher Prägung gegenüber. Anschließend werden unter Verwendung von qualitativen und quantitativen Methoden der Einstellungsforschung Orientierungen des Personals in der Sozial- und Jugendverwaltung Ost- und West-Berliner Bezirksverwaltungen vergleichend analysiert. Im resümierenden Fazit entwickelt der Verfasser Hypothesen zu (verwaltungs-)kulturellen Aspekten des Integrationsprozesses Ost-Berliner Bezirksverwaltungen und stellt sie in den Kontext des Verlaufes ostdeutscher Verwaltungstransformation. / This dissertation contributes to the important theme of discussion, analysing the transformational development of the political, administrative and sociological effects and their impact on cultural aspects, with regards to the reunification and reintegration process in East Germany. East Berlin borough administrative bodies have been used as examples to research the course of their transformation from a "socialist, to a classical (west) European administration" (Klaus König). This work centres around the question of how the personnel coped with the orientation, which in the GDR was socialist, survived the process of radical institutional change, and how far such "legacies" (Hellmut Wollmann) provide reasons for differences in the orientation of the personnel in the boroughs of West Berlin. For this reason, the author has reconstructed the typical GDR-orientations in the field of Youth-Work-Administration (Analysis of files and documents, oral-history interviews), which stand in opposition, with the help of a five dimensional scheme, to the administrative character of West Germany. A comparative analysis follows making use of qualitative and quantitative methods regarding recruitment development orientation of the personnel through a comparison of the Social and Youth-Work administrative bodies of East and West Berlin boroughs. In conclusion, the author develops hypotheses regarding (administrative-) cultural aspects of the integration process of the East Berlin borough administrations, and places these in context with the course of the East German transformation.
48

Role of media in electoral politics in India

Basu, Arani 25 May 2016 (has links)
Das primäre Ziel der Studie ist die Herstellung von Nachrichten durch vermittelte buzzwords zu verstehen. Vermittelte buzzwords werden von Medienhäusern und verbreitet durch Zeitungen oder Nachrichtenkanäle geprägt. Hier liegt der Schwerpunkt insbesondere ist zu untersuchen, wie vermittelte buzzwords hergestellt werden durch Zeitungen vor einer Wahl und wie diese buzzwords auf die Wähler, den Einfluss von Nachrichten konditionieren. In diesem Zusammenhang ist das größere Ziel Medien-Politik-Gesellschaft Wechselbeziehung in einer der größten Demokratien in der Welt und einer der bedeutendsten südasiatischen Ländern heißt Indien zu erkunden. Die Studie nimmt eine Gesellschaft zentrierten Ansatz, der Medien als soziale Institution betrachtet und zielt darauf ab, die verschiedenen Funktionen und Wirkungen in den Beziehungen zu anderen sozialen Einrichtungen nämlich Politik und Wähler zu analysieren. In diesem Licht setzt diese Studie, dass die Medien die Rolle vis-a-vis der Politik (Staat) und die Wähler (Gesellschaft) im Umfang liegt, auf die sie beeinflusst und wirkt sich auf die letztere. / The primary aim of the study is to understand manufacture of news through mediated buzzwords. Mediated buzzwords are coined by media houses and disseminated through newspapers or news channels. Here the focus in particular is to explore how mediated buzzwords are manufactured by newspapers before an election and how these buzzwords condition the influence of news on the electorate. Within this context, the larger goal is to explore media-politics-society interrelationship in one of the biggest democracies in the world and one of the most significant South Asian countries i.e. India. The study adopts a society centric approach that views media as a social institution and aims at analyzing its various features and effects in its relations with other social institutions namely politics and electorate. In that light, this study posits that media’s role vis-a-vis politics (state) and the electorate (society) lies in the extent to which it influences and impacts the latter. This study will explore media’s influence on General Election 2014 in India with the help of mediated buzzwords identified through primary and secondary sources, analyze the relationship between buzzwords and newspapers (represented by the media houses) disseminating them and explore the impact and influence of these mediated buzzwords on the electorate cutting across different social locations. This study has three primary foci – to identify mediated buzzwords and issues during General Elections of 2014 in India, to analyze how the mediated buzzwords were used by the media houses to manufacture news during General Elections of 2014 in India, and to assess the effects of these mediated buzzwords on the formation of political opinion of the electorate during General Elections of 2014 in India.
49

A CMOS analog pulse compressor with a low-power analog-to-digital converter for MIMO radar applications

Lee, Sang Min 10 November 2010 (has links)
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars, which utilize multiple transmitters and receivers to send and receive independent waveforms, have been actively investigated as a next generation radar technology inspired by MIMO techniques in communication theory. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology offers an opportunity for dramatic cost and size reduction for a MIMO array. However, the resulting formidable signal processing burden has not been addressed properly and remains a challenge. On the other hand, from a block-level point of view, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is required for mixed-signal processing to convert analog signals to digital signals, but an ADC occupies a significant portion of a system's budget. Therefore, improvement of an ADC will greatly enhance various trade-offs. This research presents an alternative and viable approach for a MIMO array from a system architecture point of view, and also develops circuit level improvement techniques for an ADC. This dissertation presents a fully-integrated analog pulse compressor (APC) based on an analog matched filter in a mixed signal domain as a key block for the waveform diversity MIMO radar. The performance gain of the proposed system is mathematically presented, and the proposed system is successfully implemented and demonstrated from the block level to the system level using various waveforms. Various figures of merit are proposed to aid system evaluations. This dissertation also presents a low-power ADC based on an asynchronous sample-and-hold multiplying SAR (ASHMSAR) with an enhanced input range dynamic comparator as a key element of a future system. Overall, with the new ADC, a high level of system performance without severe penalty on power consumption is expected. The research in this dissertation provides low-cost and low-power MIMO solutions for a future system by addressing both system issues and circuit issues comprehensively.
50

Dynamique des structures déformables et des solides rigides - Quantification des incertitudes et réduction de modèle

Batou, A. 03 June 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Ces travaux de recherche s'intéressent de manière générale à la quantification des incertitudes et à la réduction de modèle pour la modélisation numérique des systèmes dynamiques. Dans une première partie, on s'intéresse à la quantification des incertitudes pour les systèmes multicorps. Pour ce type de système, les incertitudes concernent les paramètres du modèle. Ces incertitudes sont liées soit à une variabilité naturelle, soit à un manque de connaissance sur ces paramètres. On s'intéresse en particulier à la modélisation des incertitudes relatives à la distribution de masse des solides rigides. Afin d'être compatible avec le formalisme de la dynamique des systèmes multicorps, cette modélisation est construite directement au niveau des propriétés globales d'inertie des solides rigides. Dans la partie suivante, on s'intéresse à la modélisation et à l'identification en inverse des incertitudes dans les structures déformables pour lesquelles, en plus des incertitudes sur les paramètres, il existe des incertitudes de modèle induites par les erreurs de modélisation (discrétisation, choix de la loi de comportement, ...). Pour prendre en compte ces deux types d'incertitudes, une approche probabiliste mixte paramétrique/non paramétrique est utilisée. L'accent sera mis sur l'identification des hyper-paramètres du modèle stochastique en utilisant des mesures expérimentales. Le troisième partie de ces travaux présente une nouvelle méthodologie d'analyse dynamique des structures à forte densité modale. Celle-ci est basée sur une séparation global/local de l'espace des déplacements admissibles via la résolution de deux problèmes aux valeurs propres séparés, permettant ainsi de construire un modèle réduit des déplacements globaux de petite dimension puis, si cela est nécessaire, de prendre en compte les contributions locales par une approche probabiliste. Enfin, la quatrième partie de ces travaux concerne cette fois-ci l'aléa du chargement appliqué. On s'intéresse en particulier à la génération d'accélérogrammes pour la construction de chargements sismiques. On présente une nouvelle méthodologie de construction et de génération d'accélérogrammes, en grande dimension stochastique, permettant de prendre en compte des propriétés physiques et des spécifications issues de l'ingénierie sismique directement au niveau de la loi de probabilité du processus stochastique modélisant l'accélérogramme.

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