Le millet perlé sucré et le sorgho sucré sont deux plantes ayant une riche concentration en sucres fermentescibles dans leur tige sous forme de jus. Celui-ci peut être extrait par pressage mécanique et ensuite fermenté pour une éventuelle production de bioéthanol. Contrairement à d’autres cultures présentement utilisées pour la production de bioéthanol de première génération, le millet perlé et le sorgho sucrés peuvent être cultivés sur des sols légers moins fertiles puisqu’ils demandent peu d’apport nutritif et d’eau. Ces deux espèces sont donc attrayantes afin de diversifier les sources de production d’énergie durable. Plusieurs études sur le sorgho sucré ont été effectuées à travers le monde, mais l’utilisation du millet perlé sucré reste relativement nouvelle. Des avancées agronomiques ont été effectuées au courant des dernières années avec ces deux cultures selon les réalités régionales du Québec. Par contre, le processus de récolte, d’entreposage et de pressage du millet perlé sucré et du sorgho sucré n’a pas encore été étudié selon ces réalités. Au cours des années 2012, 2013 et 2014, des expériences de récolte, d’entreposage de la biomasse, d’extraction et d’entreposage du jus de ces deux cultures ont été réalisées au Québec pour déterminer les paramètres permettant d’améliorer ces opérations. Quatre volets ont été étudiés séparément (récolte, entreposage de la biomasse, extraction et entreposage du jus) pour ensuite analyser le tout et déterminer le scénario le plus adéquat de récolte, de pressage de la biomasse et d’entreposage du jus pour une éventuelle fermentation. Des essais d’une machinerie de récolte ont d’abord été réalisés afin de déterminer, entre autres, les vitesses d’avancement adéquates pour la récolte de ces deux cultures. Des essais d’entreposage de la biomasse sous forme de tiges entières ou hachées ont ensuite été effectués selon différents délais entre la récolte et le pressage afin d’examiner l’impact du hachage et des délais sur le volume de jus extrait de la biomasse et sa concentration en sucres. Deux presses ont aussi été fabriquées, testées et comparées afin de déterminer la presse la plus adéquate en termes de quantité et qualité (sous forme de sucres extraits) du jus. Finalement, des essais d’entreposage du jus ont été réalisés pour déterminer l’impact de divers délais et températures d’entreposage sur la concentration en sucres. Les résultats obtenus ont indiqué que la biomasse peut être récoltée à l’aide d’une fourragère conventionnelle, préférablement avant un épisode de verse de la biomasse, qui peut être fréquent sous nos climats. L’entreposage de la biomasse sous forme de tiges entières est possible sur une période de plus de 12 jours pour le sorgho sucré et de 4 jours pour le millet perlé sucré. Si la biomasse est hachée, elle devra par contre être pressée dans les premières 24 h afin d’éviter la dégradation des sucres par fermentation sous l’action d’enzymes comme l’invertase. Le jus extrait peut être conservé à température ambiante pendant 12 h sans aucune perte significative de sucres. Le pressage de la biomasse devrait être effectué sans les feuilles à l’aide d’une presse à rouleaux ou hydraulique pour le sorgho sucré et ce pour une extraction optimale du jus. Pour le millet perlé sucré, l’extraction du jus à l’aide d’une presse à rouleaux est déconseillée dû au faible diamètre des tiges. Les résultats indiquent qu’il est possible d’utiliser ces deux cultures pour une éventuelle production de bioéthanol au Québec, bien que cette production reste une source de revenu secondaire pour les producteurs, compte tenu d’une courte période de récolte et des rendements en sucres relativement faibles. / Sweet sorghum and sweet pearl millet are two plants with stems rich in fermentable sugars. The sugary juice can be extracted by mechanical pressing and fermented for bioethanol production. Unlike other crops currently used for first generation bioethanol production, sweet pearl millet and sweet sorghum can grow on light and less fertile soils since they require little water and nutrient supplies. These two species are therefore very attractive to diversify the sources of sustainable biofuels production. Several studies on sweet sorghum have already been carried out worldwide, but the use of sweet pearl millet is relatively new. Agronomic breakthroughs have been achieved these recent years with both crops in the Province of Quebec. However, the process of harvesting, storage, and extracting the juice from the biomass of sweet pearl millet and sweet sorghum has not yet been optimized under the regional realities of Quebec. Experiments have therefore been carried out in 2012, 2013, and 2014 in the Province of Quebec to optimize the harvesting, storage, and juice extraction process of both crops. Four components have been studied separately (harvesting, storage of biomass, juice extraction, and storage of the juice) and then an optimal scenario, from harvest to juice storage prior fermentation, was determined. Tests of harvesting were first performed to determine, among others, the adequate harvesting speeds for both crops. Storage trials with whole stalks and chopped biomass were also carried out to investigate the impact of various time delays on the volume of juice extracted and its sugars concentration. Two experimental presses were tested and compared to determine the most adequate one in terms of juice quantity and quality (as extracted sugars). Finally, experiments on juice storage were carried out to explore the impact of various time delays and storage temperatures on the juice’s sugar concentration. Our results indicated that the sweet sorghum and sweet pearl millet can be harvested with a conventional forage harvester, ideally before lodging, which might occur frequently under Quebec climate. Whole stalks storage is possible over a period of 12 days for sweet sorghum and 4 days for sweet pearl millet biomass. If the biomass is chopped, storage should however not be longer than 24 hours to avoid sugar losses by fermentation or by the action of enzymes such as invertase. The extracted juice can be stored for 12 h without any sugar loss if stored at ambient temperature. Juice extraction of sweet sorghum biomass should be carried out without the leaves, using a hydraulic or a roller presses, for optimal extraction of the juice. For sweet pearl millet, extraction of the juice using a roller press is not recommended due to the small diameter of the stems. The results indicate that it is possible to use these two crops for bioethanol production in Quebec, although this production would remain a secondary source of income for producers, given a short period of harvest and relatively low sugar yields.

Num contexto de avanços tecnológicos, a emergência do digital no contemporâneo conectado se apresenta por meio de novas práticas, costumes e relações entre as pessoas e as Plataformas Digitais. Assim, a presente tese de doutorado se insere na interface entre Comunicação e Educação como campo privilegiado para discussões e estudos em busca desses entendimentos. Apesar de grandes avanços em pesquisas nessa área, existe, ainda hoje, um grande eco em relação às novas linguagens oferecidas pelos aparatos eletrônicos e à capacidade de assimilação pelas gerações dos educadores e seus educandos. Dessa maneira propõe-se a inclusão dos Jogos Digitais no debate, a partir de sua presença no cotidiano dos estudantes, seja por meio de seu crescimento mercadológico ou mesmo pela ludicidade, característica presente em todos os jogos e que se materializa nas aulas de Educação Física. Nessa conjuntura, ainda se consideram escassos os estudos que abordam as habilidades e/ou competências necessárias aos indivíduos para lidarem com essas plataformas, aqui incluídos os Jogos Digitais, ainda mais em se tratando do público escolhido para essa pesquisa, os professores de Educação Física. Tomando então, o \"Currículo MIL para formação de professores\" proposto pela UNESCO como referência, essa tese objetivou mapear as Literacias de Mídia e Informação (MIL) dos professores de Educação Física em seus ambientes educacionais. Com a adoção de protocolos multimetodológicos como questionários, entrevistas e o uso das técnicas de análise de conteúdo para apreciação dos resultados, concluiu-se que, apesar dos professores de Educação Física de São Paulo não utilizarem os Jogos Digitais em suas aulas, estes são considerados pelos mesmos como meios de comunicação e reconhecidos por seu caráter influenciador e abrangente que representam em nosso cotidiano. Além disso, propõe-se que o entendimento das competências sugeridas pelo \"Currículo MIL para formação de professores\" da UNESCO sejam utilizadas como alternativa integradora para a compreensão do conceito de MIL como caminho para ampliar olhares e estratégias mantendo seu viés crítico, mas também estimulando os docentes a se engajarem com as possibilidades que as Plataformas Digitais, os Jogos Digitais e demais mídias podem oferecer à prática docente e formação para uma participação cívica plena na sociedade contemporânea. / In the technological advances context of, the emergency of digital in the connected contemporary is presented through new practices, customs and relationships between people and Digital Platforms. Thus, the present doctoral thesis is inserted in the interface between Communication and Education as a privileged field for discussions and studies in search of these understandings. Despite of the great advances in research made in this area, there is still a great echo regarding the new languages offered by electronic devices and the assimilation capacity of educators and their students. In this way, it is proposed to include Digital Games in the debate, based on their presence in the students\' daily life, through their market growth and playfulness, a characteristic that is present in all games and materialized in physical education classes. At this juncture, the studies that approach the necessary skills and / or competences necessary for individuals to deal with these platforms, here included the Digital Games, are still considered scarce, even more when it comes to the target audience of this research: Physical Education teachers. Using the \"Media and Information Literacy (MIL) curriculum for teacher\" suggested by UNESCO as reference, this thesis aimed to map the MIL of Physical Education teachers in their educational environments. With the adoption of multimethodological protocols such as questionnaires, interviews and the use of content analysis techniques to evaluate the results, it was concluded that, although Physical Education teachers in São Paulo do not use Digital Games in their classes, they considered the these games as means of communication and they recognize that rhe Digital Games are influential and that they have a comprehensive character in our daily life. In addition, it is proposed that the competences suggested by the UNESCO\'s \"MIL Curriculum for teachers\" should be used as an integrating alternative to the understanding of the MIL\'s concept to broaden perspectives and strategies while maintain their critical bias but also stimulate teachers to engage with the possibilities that Digital Platforms, Digital Games and other media can offer to teaching practices and training for fully civic participation in the contemporary society.

Este trabalho promoveu um mapeamento do universo documental das Literacias de Mídia e Informação (MIL) no âmbito das Declarações Oficiais da UNESCO entre os anos de 1982 e 2014. Considerado um novo conceito, as MIL contemplam o desenvolvimento de capacidades e habilidades de cidadãos com a mídia e a informação no ambiente do Século XXI, para que sejam protagonistas de suas próprias histórias e se empoderem ao longo desse processo. Para estudo desse campo se recorreu à Teoria do Ator-Rede como aporte teórico e outros conceitos concernentes como as literacias da informação, digitais e de mídia. Da perspectiva metodológica, a pesquisa tem cunho qualitativo e transdisciplinar e contribui para a compreensão das novas morfologias epistêmicas da sociedade do conhecimento. Como resultados, foram elaborados quadros sínteses e linhas do tempo para a apreensão visual da progressão do conceito de MIL, face à sua sedimentação terminológica e temática. Ainda, se torna possível entender os vários vieses abrangidos ao longo dessa jornada, tendência que a UNESCO tem chamado de \"transliteracy\". / This work promoted a documental cartography over the Media and Information Literacies (MIL) concept under UNESCO\'s documents, between the 1982 and 2014. Considered a new concept, the MIL regards the capacity and skills development within the media and the information environment in the 21st Century, so the individuals can be protagonists of their own histories and for them to empower themselves in the process. This study refers to the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a theoretical basis, as well to the digital, media and information literacies concepts. Under a methodological overview, this is a qualitative and transdisciplinary research and contributes to understanding the new epistemological morphologies of the knowledge societies. As results, were elaborates synthetic boards and time lines for the visual apprehension over the MIL concept, facing its etymologic and thematic construction. Still, it is possible to comprehend the biases in this journey, a tendency that UNESCO has recently called \"transliteracy\".

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4210.pdf: 2126138 bytes, checksum: fc7ae2b9679ee1e4098307223fb03cdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-13 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / ABSTRACT Allelopathy is defined as any process involving secondary metabolites that influence the growth and development of natural and cultivated systems. Plants of the Aristolochia genus are known for their use in traditional medicine, but few studies have been conducted on the ecological importance of their secondary compounds and their possible application in agriculture. This study aimed at the isolation, characterization and evaluation of the allelopathic activity of A. esperanzae secondary metabolites. Extraction, bioassay-guided isolation, spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis of the isolated compounds was carried out. The phytotoxic activity of the active extracts from A. esperanzae different organs on the development of species of cultivated crops and weeds, and of the active semipurified sample in the initial growth of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) was evaluated. The EtOAc extracts of A. esperanzae mature leaves and roots showed phytotoxic activity similar to the herbicide used as control over the weed species. Biossayguided isolation of compounds with allelopathic activity from mature leaves of A. esperanzae has led to the isolation of three isomeric compounds with mass fragments with m/z 321 Da and 161 Da, and ultraviolet absorption at 234 nm and between 286 nm and 287 nm. Analysis by 1D- and 2D-NMR of one of these compounds allowed to stabilish its partial structure. The semi-purified ISO sample, obtained from A. esperanzae mature leaves and composed mainly by the isomeric mixture isolated, showed allelopathic activity on the early development of wheat, with inhibition of root development and formation of necrotic abnormalities over the shoots of these seedlings, with hormetic behavior. The activity of the compounds present in the ISO fraction showed to be different from that presented by the commercial herbicide, and may lead to the development of bioherbicides.. / A alelopatia é definida como qualquer processo envolvendo metabólitos secundários que influenciam no crescimento e desenvolvimento de sistemas naturais e cultiváveis. Plantas do gênero Aristolochia são conhecidas por seu uso na medicina tradicional, porém poucos estudos foram realizados sobre a importância ecológica de seus compostos secundários ou sua possível aplicação na agricultura. O presente estudo teve por objetivo o isolamento, caracterização e avaliação da atividade alelopática de compostos secundários de A. esperanzae. Procedeu-se a extração, isolamento biodirigido, análises espectroscópicas e espectrométricas dos compostos isolados. Avaliou-se a atividade fitotóxica dos extratos ativos de diferentes órgãos de A. esperanzae sobre o desenvolvimento de espécies cultivadas e invasoras de culturas agrícolas, e de amostra ativa semi-purificada sobre o crescimento inicial de Triticum aestivum L. (trigo). Os extratos AcOEt de folhas maduras e raízes de A. esperanzae apresentaram atividade fitotóxica semelhante ao do herbicida utilizado como controle sobre espécies invasoras de culturas agrícolas. O isolamento biodirigido de compostos com atividade alelopática de folhas maduras de A. esperanzae levou à obtenção de três compostos isoméricos com fragmentos de massas com razão m/z 321 Da e 161 Da, e absorção no ultravioleta em 234 nm e entre 286 nm e 287 nm. Análises por RMN mono e bidimensionais de um destes compostos possibilitaram estabelecer sua estrutura parcial. A amostra semipurificada ISO, obtida de folhas maduras de A. esperanzae e compostas majoritariamente pela mistura isomérica isolada, apresentou atividade alelopática sobre o desenvolvimento inicial do trigo, com inibição do desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e formação de anormalidades necróticas na porção aérea, com comportamento hormético. A atividade dos compostos presentes na fração ISO mostrou-se diferenciada daquela apresentada pelo herbicida comercial, sendo promissores no desenvolvimento de bioherbicidas.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-16T16:28:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kelly Cristine Ferreira Prado Duarte - 2016.pdf: 2360435 bytes, checksum: 7fdccc639e084b11a4bbb98cd24e0077 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-16T16:28:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kelly Cristine Ferreira Prado Duarte - 2016.pdf: 2360435 bytes, checksum: 7fdccc639e084b11a4bbb98cd24e0077 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-16T16:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kelly Cristine Ferreira Prado Duarte - 2016.pdf: 2360435 bytes, checksum: 7fdccc639e084b11a4bbb98cd24e0077 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This research aims to analyze discursively the female identity in the “Programa Mulheres Mil” (PMM) - Thousand Women Program. This Program is the result of a discursive formation that has been widespread in the world in order to create affirmative actions to include those who have been socially excluded for a long time in this particular case: women. Thus, the outlined research is directly linked to the female gender and the vocational education. To achieve this proposed aim, this study establishes as theoretical, methodological and analytical horizon, the Discourse Analysis based mainly on the precepts of Michel Foucault. The analysis is organized under a methodological perspective of the thematic path, in accordance with Guilhaumou and Maldidier (1994), and includes the following topics: a) the construction of truths about the identitary constitution of the female gender in PMM; b) power relations of institutional nature that focus on the identitary constitution of the female gender in PMM; c) the identitary constitution of female gender through some processes of subjectivation. The analysis of these themes takes as corpus some official documents of the PMM and the eponymous electronic portal. Results reveal that the historical oppression towards the female gender and the traditional Brazilian professional education that insists on offering courses aimed at those who are already marginalized continue to constitute the identity of the female gender in PMM. Besides, these results point to the fact that the discrimination and prejudice that reflect upon female gender might subjectify women who make part of the PMM to the point that they incorporate this discourse. / O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste em analisar como se constitui discursivamente a identidade de gênero feminino no Programa Mulheres Mil (PMM). O Programa é fruto de uma formação discursiva que tem se difundido no mundo no sentido de criar ações afirmativas para incluir aqueles que vêm sendo excluídos socialmente há tempos, neste caso específico: as mulheres. Desse modo, a investigação delineada está diretamente ligada ao gênero feminino e à educação profissional. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, este estudo estabelece como horizonte teórico, metodológico e analítico, a Análise de Discurso fundamentada, sobretudo, nos preceitos de Michel Foucault. A análise se organiza sob a perspectiva metodológica do trajeto temático, em conformidade com Guilhaumou e Maldidier (1994), e compreende os seguintes temas: a) a construção de verdades em torno da constituição identitária de gênero feminino no PMM; b) as relações de poder de cunho institucional que incidem sobre a constituição identitária de gênero feminino no PMM; c) a constituição identitária de gênero feminino por meio de processos de subjetivação. A análise desses temas toma como corpus documentos oficiais do PMM e o portal eletrônico homônimo. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a opressão histórica ao gênero feminino e a tradição da educação profissional brasileira em oferecer cursos voltados para aqueles que já são marginalizados persistem na constituição da identidade de gênero feminino no PMM. Ademais, os resultados apontam para o fato de a discriminação e o preconceito que recaem sobre o gênero feminino subjetivarem as mulheres que compõem o Programa ao ponto de elas incorporarem esse discurso.

Num contexto de avanços tecnológicos, a emergência do digital no contemporâneo conectado se apresenta por meio de novas práticas, costumes e relações entre as pessoas e as Plataformas Digitais. Assim, a presente tese de doutorado se insere na interface entre Comunicação e Educação como campo privilegiado para discussões e estudos em busca desses entendimentos. Apesar de grandes avanços em pesquisas nessa área, existe, ainda hoje, um grande eco em relação às novas linguagens oferecidas pelos aparatos eletrônicos e à capacidade de assimilação pelas gerações dos educadores e seus educandos. Dessa maneira propõe-se a inclusão dos Jogos Digitais no debate, a partir de sua presença no cotidiano dos estudantes, seja por meio de seu crescimento mercadológico ou mesmo pela ludicidade, característica presente em todos os jogos e que se materializa nas aulas de Educação Física. Nessa conjuntura, ainda se consideram escassos os estudos que abordam as habilidades e/ou competências necessárias aos indivíduos para lidarem com essas plataformas, aqui incluídos os Jogos Digitais, ainda mais em se tratando do público escolhido para essa pesquisa, os professores de Educação Física. Tomando então, o \"Currículo MIL para formação de professores\" proposto pela UNESCO como referência, essa tese objetivou mapear as Literacias de Mídia e Informação (MIL) dos professores de Educação Física em seus ambientes educacionais. Com a adoção de protocolos multimetodológicos como questionários, entrevistas e o uso das técnicas de análise de conteúdo para apreciação dos resultados, concluiu-se que, apesar dos professores de Educação Física de São Paulo não utilizarem os Jogos Digitais em suas aulas, estes são considerados pelos mesmos como meios de comunicação e reconhecidos por seu caráter influenciador e abrangente que representam em nosso cotidiano. Além disso, propõe-se que o entendimento das competências sugeridas pelo \"Currículo MIL para formação de professores\" da UNESCO sejam utilizadas como alternativa integradora para a compreensão do conceito de MIL como caminho para ampliar olhares e estratégias mantendo seu viés crítico, mas também estimulando os docentes a se engajarem com as possibilidades que as Plataformas Digitais, os Jogos Digitais e demais mídias podem oferecer à prática docente e formação para uma participação cívica plena na sociedade contemporânea. / In the technological advances context of, the emergency of digital in the connected contemporary is presented through new practices, customs and relationships between people and Digital Platforms. Thus, the present doctoral thesis is inserted in the interface between Communication and Education as a privileged field for discussions and studies in search of these understandings. Despite of the great advances in research made in this area, there is still a great echo regarding the new languages offered by electronic devices and the assimilation capacity of educators and their students. In this way, it is proposed to include Digital Games in the debate, based on their presence in the students\' daily life, through their market growth and playfulness, a characteristic that is present in all games and materialized in physical education classes. At this juncture, the studies that approach the necessary skills and / or competences necessary for individuals to deal with these platforms, here included the Digital Games, are still considered scarce, even more when it comes to the target audience of this research: Physical Education teachers. Using the \"Media and Information Literacy (MIL) curriculum for teacher\" suggested by UNESCO as reference, this thesis aimed to map the MIL of Physical Education teachers in their educational environments. With the adoption of multimethodological protocols such as questionnaires, interviews and the use of content analysis techniques to evaluate the results, it was concluded that, although Physical Education teachers in São Paulo do not use Digital Games in their classes, they considered the these games as means of communication and they recognize that rhe Digital Games are influential and that they have a comprehensive character in our daily life. In addition, it is proposed that the competences suggested by the UNESCO\'s \"MIL Curriculum for teachers\" should be used as an integrating alternative to the understanding of the MIL\'s concept to broaden perspectives and strategies while maintain their critical bias but also stimulate teachers to engage with the possibilities that Digital Platforms, Digital Games and other media can offer to teaching practices and training for fully civic participation in the contemporary society.

Este trabalho promoveu um mapeamento do universo documental das Literacias de Mídia e Informação (MIL) no âmbito das Declarações Oficiais da UNESCO entre os anos de 1982 e 2014. Considerado um novo conceito, as MIL contemplam o desenvolvimento de capacidades e habilidades de cidadãos com a mídia e a informação no ambiente do Século XXI, para que sejam protagonistas de suas próprias histórias e se empoderem ao longo desse processo. Para estudo desse campo se recorreu à Teoria do Ator-Rede como aporte teórico e outros conceitos concernentes como as literacias da informação, digitais e de mídia. Da perspectiva metodológica, a pesquisa tem cunho qualitativo e transdisciplinar e contribui para a compreensão das novas morfologias epistêmicas da sociedade do conhecimento. Como resultados, foram elaborados quadros sínteses e linhas do tempo para a apreensão visual da progressão do conceito de MIL, face à sua sedimentação terminológica e temática. Ainda, se torna possível entender os vários vieses abrangidos ao longo dessa jornada, tendência que a UNESCO tem chamado de \"transliteracy\". / This work promoted a documental cartography over the Media and Information Literacies (MIL) concept under UNESCO\'s documents, between the 1982 and 2014. Considered a new concept, the MIL regards the capacity and skills development within the media and the information environment in the 21st Century, so the individuals can be protagonists of their own histories and for them to empower themselves in the process. This study refers to the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a theoretical basis, as well to the digital, media and information literacies concepts. Under a methodological overview, this is a qualitative and transdisciplinary research and contributes to understanding the new epistemological morphologies of the knowledge societies. As results, were elaborates synthetic boards and time lines for the visual apprehension over the MIL concept, facing its etymologic and thematic construction. Still, it is possible to comprehend the biases in this journey, a tendency that UNESCO has recently called \"transliteracy\".

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-15T11:52:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carlavieirasoares.pdf: 4663634 bytes, checksum: 2b83afaaaca5d4ad67efb3c7313d7bb2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:09:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carlavieirasoares.pdf: 4663634 bytes, checksum: 2b83afaaaca5d4ad67efb3c7313d7bb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:09:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlavieirasoares.pdf: 4663634 bytes, checksum: 2b83afaaaca5d4ad67efb3c7313d7bb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Cálculos de primeiros princípios baseados na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT) foram utilizados para investigar a adsorção de moléculas (CO2, CO, H2, CH4, N2, H2S, C4H4S, C2H4O2, C2H4O e H2O) na cavidade porosa da MOF formada por Zircônio e Tereftalato. A estrutura alvo deste trabalho denominada MIL-140A foi primeiramente validada, mostrando boa concordância com os dados espectroscópicos (Infravermelho e RMN), difratograma de raios X e parâmetros estruturais entre o modelo simulado e a estrutura experimental. Com os cálculos de estrutura eletrônica foi possível prever os sítios preferenciais para a adsorção, avaliar a força das interações adsorvente/adsorbato e determinar a ordem de seletividade para as moléculas na MIL-140A. O uso do funcional PBE aliado à correção DFT-D2 foi uma ferramenta valiosa para descrever a interação nesses sistemas. Devido ao fato das interações serem relativamente fracas, a contribuição da energia de ponto zero (EZPE) e da energia térmica (Evib(T)) são pequenas se comparadas com a contribuição das interações de dispersão. Assim, as energias vibracionais foram negligenciadas e H pôde ser aproximada para ΔEDFT. O bom acordo encontrado entre ΔEDFT e a entalpia de adsorção experimental para as moléculas (CO2, CO, CH4 e N2) comprova essa hipótese. A estabilidade da MIL-140A foi explorada mediante o cálculo da barreira de energia associada à reação de dissociação da molécula de água. O valor muito alto encontrado para a dissociação da molécula de água confirma que essa MOF se mantém estável. Os resultados demonstram que a MIL-140A pode ser um adsorvente ideal para a remoção de CO2 a partir de uma série de gases, por exemplo, gás natural, gás de síntese, biogás e gás de combustão. Além disso, a MIL-140A também pode ser utilizada na remoção do sulfeto de hidrogênio e tiofeno dos combustíveis, atuar como uma plataforma para reações envolvendo o ácido acético e reciclar o acetaldeído ejetado das indústrias. / First principle calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) were used to investigate the adsorption of molecules (CO2, CO, H2, CH4, N2, H2S, C4H4S, C2H4O2, C2H4O and H2O) in a porous cavity of Zirconium terephthalate MOF. The MIL-140A was first validated by a very good agreement between the simulation and the experimental spectroscopic (Infra-red and NMR), X-ray diffraction and structural parameters of the selected MOF. The calculations of electronic structure further predicted the preferential adsorption sites, the strength of the host/guest interactions and determine the selectivity for molecules in MIL-140A. The use of the PBE XC functional integrating the DFT-D2 correction was valuable to accurately describe the interaction of those systems. Due relative weak interactions it is expected that the contribution of the zero point energies (ΔEZPE) and thermal energy contributions (ΔETE) are very small in comparison to the dispersion interactions contributions. Thus, the vibrational energies can be neglected and thus ΔH can be approximated to ΔEDFT. A very good agreement between ΔEDFT and the experimental adsorption enthalpy determined for the molecules (CO2, CO, CH4 e N2) confirms this assumption. The water stability of the MIL-140A was explored through the activation barrier associated to the dissociative chemisorption of water. Its high value confirms the very good water stability of this MOF. These results demonstrate that the MIL-140A could act as an ideal adsorvent for the removal of CO2 from a series of gases (e.g. natural gas, syngas, biogas and flue gas). Furthermore the MIL-140A can be able to remove hydrogen sulfide and thiophene from the fuels, act as a platform for reactions with acid acetic and recycle the acetaldehyde ejected from the factories.

Abstract This thesis studies the methods to test mixed-signal devices and circuits on board and system level with embedded test instrumentation. The study is divided in three continuous sections, development of embedded test methods for discrete components, integration of test instruments on board level and development of test and health monitoring strategy for large scale system. The developed embedded test methods for mixed signal circuitry on board level are based on the standard for mixed signal test bus IEEE 1149.4. The standardized embedded test infrastructure is utilized for testing discrete components with emphasis on testing active components as diodes and transistors. The developed embedded tests are evaluated with PCOLA/SOQ method for manufacturing testing and also the usability of the tests is discussed. A solution for embedded mixed-signal test controller is presented with discussion of test communication and the possibilities of implementing embedded test control. The target in the development of the test control is to enable launch mixed signal tests on device remotely. The test controller is IEEE 1149.4 compatible and can generate and measure analog test signals while controlling boundary-scan enabled devices. The final section of the thesis focuses on an embedded test solution for aerospace bus system (MIL-STD-1553). Current solutions are based on testing the bus system during maintenance on ground. The developed test and monitoring method allows on-line monitoring of the bus to detect and locate possible defects which only occur during use of the aeroplane. / Tiivistelmä Väitöstyössä tutkittiin sekasignaalilaitteiden ja -piirien testausmenetelmiä levy- ja järjestelmätasolla hyödyntäen sulautettuja testilaitteita. Työ jakaantuu kolmeen osaan; sulautettujen testausmenetelmien kehitys diskreeteille komponenteille, testi-instrumenttien integrointi piirilevytasolle sekä testaus- ja kunnonmonitorointimenetelmän kehitys laajemmalle järjestelmälle. Sulautettujen testimenetelmien kehitys sekasignaalipiireille piirilevytasolla perustuu sekasignaalitestiväylän standardiin IEEE 1149.4. Standardoitua sulautettua testi-infrastruktuuria käytettiin diskreettien komponenttien testaukseen painottuen aktiivikomponentteihin, kuten diodeihin ja transistoreihin. Kehitetyt sulautetut testit on arvioitu PCOLA/SOQ menetelmällä, jota hyödynnetään tuotantotestauksen testikattavuuden arvioinnissa. Lisäksi testimenetelmien käytettävyyttä arvioitiin. Sulautettu sekasignaalilaitteiden testikontrollerin tavoite on käynnistää ja suorittaa sekasignaalitestejä laitteessa etäältä. Kehitetty testikontrolleri on IEEE 1149.4 yhteensopiva ja voi generoida ja mitata analogista testisignaalia sekä samanaikaisesti ohjata testiväylää. Lisäksi etätestauksen mahdollistavasta testikommunikaatiomenetelmiä arvioitiin kuten myös erilaisia toteutustasoja sulautetuille testimenetelmille. Laajemman järjestelmän kehityksessä tutkittiin sulautettua testausratkaisua lentokoneen väyläjärjestelmälle, joka perustuu standardiin MIL-STD-1553B. Nykyiset menetelmät perustuvat väyläjärjestelmän testaukseen huollon yhteydessä, mutta osa virheistä ilmenee vain käytön aikana. Kehitetty testaus- ja monitorointimenetelmä mahdollistaa käytönaikaisen jatkuvan virheiden monitoroinnin sekä niiden paikantamisen lennon aikana.

Depuis une quinzaine d’années, les matériaux poreux de type Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) offrent de nouvelles perspectives dans le cadre du stockage d’hydrogène par adsorption. Ces matériaux possèdent une structure et un réseau de pores particulièrement bien adaptés à l’adsorption des gaz. Ainsi, le téréphtalate de Chrome (III) (MIL-101(Cr)), composé chimiquement très stable, possède une grande capacité de stockage de l’hydrogène, du dioxyde de carbone et du méthane. Afin de renforcer sa capacité de stockage d’hydrogène, un dopage au charbon actif (AC) du matériau a été envisagé. Les synthèses des matériaux dopés et non-dopés ont été réalisées et, pour cela, différents agents minéralisants (acide fluorhydrique, acide acétique et acétate de sodium) ont été testés. Les matériaux synthétisés furent caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X (DRX), par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB), par analyses thermogravimétriques (ATG) et par adsorption d’azote à 77K. Les capacités de stockage d’hydrogène de ces matériaux à 77 K et 100 bar ont été évaluées par mesures des isothermes d’adsorption d’hydrogène, réalisées par méthodes volumétrique et gravimétrique. Les résultats obtenus par ces deux méthodes sont en parfait accord et le matériau composite affiche une capacité d’adsorption de 13.5 wt%, qui est supérieure à celle du matériau non dopé (8.2 wt% dans les même conditions expérimentales). Les cinétiques d’adsorption ont été mesurées à 77 K par méthode volumétrique. Les résultats obtenus ont été comparés au modèle de la force motrice linéaire, Linear Driving Force (LDF). Un modèle de diffusion dépendant de la température a été développé afin de tenir compte des variations de températures qui se produisent durant le processus d’adsorption. / Since the last 15 years, the porous solids such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have opened new perspectives for the development of adsorbents for hydrogen storage. The structure and the pore networks of these materials are especially adapted to the adsorption of gases. The chromium (III) terephthalate-based MIL-101(Cr) is a very stable material which exhibits good adsorption uptakes for hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4).In this study, syntheses were carried out by different ways and several mineralizing agents such as hydrofluoric acid (HF), acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium acetate (CH3COONa) have been tested. Moreover, Activated Carbon (AC) has been introduced in the framework to create an AC incorporated composite material with an enhanced specific surface area. Conventional techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen (N2) adsorption isotherms at 77 K were used for materials characterizations.In the aim to evaluate hydrogen storage capacities of these materials, hydrogen adsorption isotherms were measured at 77 K via both volumetric and gravimetric methods, and the obtained results are in good agreement. A hydrogen uptake value of 13.5 wt% has been measured at 77 K and 100 bar for the composite material which shows a great improvement of hydrogen capacity compared to the pristine MIL-101(Cr) (8.2 wt%).Finally, hydrogen adsorption kinetics has been measured at 77 K using volumetric method. The obtained results were compared to the Linear Driving Force (LDF) and a temperature dependent diffusion model was also considered to take into account the temperature variations which occur during the adsorption process.