Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T17:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Rejected by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br), reason: Devolvendo... on 2017-10-03T14:13:39Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-03T14:15:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Rejected by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br), reason: on 2017-10-10T17:03:03Z (GMT) / Submitted by Hellen Luz (hellencrisluz@gmail.com) on 2017-10-16T14:12:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-11-13T15:44:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-13T15:44:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_TechniquesDownstreamRate.pdf: 1238526 bytes, checksum: 6b7ca82987aca1343ace4357e45edf39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-10 / FADESP - Fundação de Amparo e Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa / Conforme a tecnologia DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) atinge o seu limite de largura de banda física e o modelo Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) se torna um substituto em potencial, novas técnicas são desenvolvidas para lidar com as exigências da indústria de acesso à Internet. Nesse contexto, o padrão recém acordado do International Telecommunication Union (ITU), o G.9700 (G.fast) traz para a rede de cobre uma renovação de sua vida útil, com o uso de técnicas como o Vectoring. Esta, apesar de ser uma ferramenta poderosa para que DSL se torne uma tecnologia competitiva para a fibra óptica, ainda deve lidar com o problema de que os assinantes podem obter taxas diferentes em seus CPEs (Customer Premises Equipments), causado principalmente por aspectos físicos do canal. Com isso em mente, este trabalho propõe métodos para balancear as taxas entregues às linhas dos usuários no downstream. Isso é feito por meio de diferentes ordenações das colunas da matriz do canal, em cenários que utilizam o Precoder Tomlinson-Harashima (THP) até 200 MHz. Simulações foram feitas usando cada método de balanceamento de taxas em seis cabos medidos, a fim de demonstrar os progressos de cada método. Estas simulações são estendidas para o ainda não validado cenário Near-Far, que tenta representar as situações em que algumas linhas têm comprimento maior do que outras, e serve apenas como referência. Os métodos propostos produziram resultados promissores de balanceamento, com reduções de até 95,79% do desvio padrão para o cabo Swisscom I51, quando se comparando resultados de um método de algoritmo genético com aqueles do THP. / As the DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology reaches its physical bandwidth limit and the Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) model becomes a potential substitute, new techniques and standards are developed to cope with the requirements from the Internet access industry. In this context, the newly agreed G.9700 (G.fast) standard, from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), brings to the copper plant a renewal of its lifespan with the use of techniques such as Vectoring. Although Vectoring is a powerful tool for DSL to become a competitive technology for optical fiber, it must deal with the problem that subscribers still may get differing rates at their CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment), caused mainly by physical aspects of the channel. With that in mind, this work proposes methods of balancing the achievable rates delivered to user lines at Downstream. This is done by using different column sortings of the channel matrix, in scenarios that utilize the Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder (THP) up to 200 MHz. Simulations using each rate balancing method on six measured cables are made in order to show each method’s progress. These simulations are extended to the Near-Far Scenario, which tries to resemble the situations where some lines have greater length than others, that is, differing distances between the CPE and the DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer). The proposed methods yielded promising balancing result, with reductions of up to 95.79% of the standard deviation for the Swisscom I51 cable, when comparing results of a genetic algorithm method with those of the THP.

No contexto dos processos de democratização do continente latino-americano, que ocorreram paralelamente a uma crise do sistema judicial e ao aumento da criminalidade, Brasil e Argentina promoveram significativas alterações legislativas no âmbito da justiça penal, com a criminalização de novas condutas, a criação de mecanismos informais para o processamento de delitos de menor potencial ofensivo e o aumento das penas e a relativização de garantias processuais para determinados delitos. O presente trabalho visa identificar nesse conjunto de movimentos de política criminal a emergência de um novo modelo de controle penal em países situados no contexto da modernidade periférica. Pretendeu-se realizar um estudo das reformas legislativas em matéria penal que tiveram lugar no Brasil e na Argentina durante a última década, a fim de compor um panorama dos movimentos de política criminal que estiveram por trás do contedo das reformas legais mais significativas' identificar sua especificidade em relação a períodos anteriores e apontar os aspectos mais relevantes que indicassem o sentido dos movimentos de reforma em curso. Constatou-se, entre outras, uma tendencia à expansão e à desformalização do direito penal, como recurso na maioria das vezes meramente simbólico para o enfrentamento de problemas sociais cada vez mais complexos e desafiadores para as estruturas do Estado moderno. / In the context of the processes of democratization of the Latin-American continent, that happened parallel to a crisis of the judicial system and the increase of the criminality, Brazil and Argentina promoted significant legislative alterations in the extent of the penal justice, with the criminalization of new conducts, the creation of informal mechanisms for the processing of offensive potential minor crimes and the increase of the feathers and the relativization of procedural warranties for certain crimes. The present work seeks to identify in that group of movements of criminal politics the emergency of a new model of penal control in located countries in the context of the outlying modernity. It intended to accomplish a study of the legislative reforms in penal matter that had room in Brazil and in Argentina during the last decade, in order to compose a framework of the movements of criminal politics that were behind the content of the more significant legal reforms, to identify its especificity in relation to previous periods and to point the most relevant aspects that indicated the sense of the reform movements in course. It was verified, among other, a tendency to the expansion and the deformalization of the penal law, as a resource most of the time merely symbolic for face up to the social problems more and more complex and challenging for the structures of the modern State.

Science teaching at the secondary level can be made more effective with the judicious utilization of a multi-media approach involving modem information and communication technologies that is entering the Indian educational system in general and the schools in Jammu region (J&K State), in particular, surely but slowly. A major impact of technology today in the field of education is that at all levels classrooms are becoming technology-rich learning environments and as such there is a need to conduct research to study the learning environments of technology-supported classrooms. The study described in this thesis utilized the Technology-Rich, Outcomes-Focused Learning Environment Inventory (TROFLEI), to study the perceptions of students' actual and preferred classroom learning environment in a technology-supported science classroom at the secondary level in an Indian school situation. An important aspect of this research was to determine the reliability and validity of this scale for use in Indian classroom settings. An attitude scale derived from the Test for Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) for studying the attitude of students towards science was also employed and lastly the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) was used to analyze the teacher student interactions in a technology-supported science classroom environment. Data for research were collected from 700 secondary students in a co-educational Indian school in the city of Jammu. / The study reported that the TROFLEI and the QTI were reliable and valid instruments for assessing the psychosocial learning environments III a technology-supported classroom and the teacher-student interactions III such environments. Significant associations are also reported between the students' perceptions of their technology-supported learning environment and their perceptions of the teacher-student interactions with three learner outcomes; attitude towards science, academic efficacy and academic achievement. Significant gender differences in technology-supported learning environments have also been reported in this study. This research study happens to be the first of its kind in this region and should provide a thrust towards the use of technology-supported classrooms for effectively teaching other school subjects.

The objective of this research is to present a low power modem technology for a high speed millimeter wave wireless system. The first part of the research focuses on a robust ASIC design methodology. There are several aspects of the ASIC flow that require special attention such as logical synthesis, timing driven physical placement, Clock Tree Synthesis, Static Timing Analysis, estimation and reduction of power consumption and LVS and DRC closure. The latter part is dedicated to high speed baseband circuits such as Coherent and Non coherent demodulator which are critical components of a multi-gigabit wireless communication system. The demodulator operates at input data rates of multiple gigabits per second, which presents the challenge of designing the building blocks to operate at speeds of multiple GHz. The high speed complex multiplier is a major component of the non coherent demodulator. As part of the coherent demodulator the complex multiplier derotates the input sequence by multiplying with cosine and sine functions, Costas error calculator computes the phase error in the derotated input signal. The NCO (Numerically controlled Oscillator) is a look up table based system used to generate the cosine and sine functions, used by the derotator.The CIC filter is used to decimate the costas error signal as the loop bandwidth is significantly smaller compared to the sampling frequency. All these modules put together form the coherent demodulator which is an integral part of the wireless communication system. An implementation of Serdes is also presented which acts as an interface between the baseband modules and the RF front end.

In this research, STANAG 4285 HF modem software is implemented on TMS320C54x fixed point digital signal processor. The software is optimized in order to meet real-time operation requirements. A fractionally spaced least mean square (LMS) decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is employed for the receiver. In order to improve the convergence of the LMS algorithm a multipass technique is utilized. Based on Watterson&rsquo / s model, an HF channel simulator is employed for evaluating the performance of the modem. The simulation results show that the convergence of the LMS algorithm is improved by using multipass technique. It is also shown that the software meets the real-time operation requirements.

鑒於寬頻網路是電子商務發展基石，各國無不積極規劃寬頻網路基礎建設，藉由技術昇級與整合，建構安全可靠的電子商務服務環境，吸引更多企業與消費者參與使用電子商務。ING Barings在2000年研究報告中指出，台灣未來寬頻網路服務市場營收可望在2004年達到773.3億之多，預計寬頻網路服務市場將隨著國際頻寬成本不斷降低而成長。 在行政院NII小組推動「三年三百萬人」寬頻上網目標後，根據資策會資訊情報中心統計，目前我國網際網路使用人口已經達到六百萬人，寬頻網路使用人口則已超過四十萬人。眾多市場競爭者中，有線電視業者由於擁有最後一哩及內容優勢，有助於發展整合性服務，成為進入市場優勢之一。 基於上述原因，本文研究目的旨在探討： （一）國外寬頻網路主要發展國家之市場現況。 （二）國內寬頻網路服務市場之發展現況。 （三）有線電視寬頻網路事業針對寬頻網路市場之整體佈局。 （四）有線電視寬頻網路事業在消費者資料庫上之運作現實。 （五）有線電視寬頻網路事業在企業關係利益人上之運作現實。 （六）有線電視寬頻網路事業在組織架構與傳播策略上之運作現實。 （七）有線電視寬頻網路事業在溝通執行要素上之運作現實。 透過文獻探討及深度訪談等方法，本文針對國外寬頻網路市場整體環境，以及國內兩大有線電視寬頻網路服務業者—東森國際網路與和信超媒體進行研究探討，得到下列結論： （一）政策及價格因素為影響各國寬頻網路服務市場能否迅速普及的關鍵因素。 （二）有線電視寬頻網路服務業者主要的威脅來自ADSL的競爭，以及HFC雙向網路佈建完成度的不足。 （三）母集團由上而下的推動，有助於國內有線電視寬頻網路事業的佈局。 （四）國內有線電視寬頻網路事業尚無行銷傳播專有消費者資料庫的規劃，而消費者資料庫蒐集方式與內容過於單向。 （五）國內有線電視寬頻網路事業依其市場利益點發展M & A策略，並視時間與事業定位轉換其企業關係利益人溝通策略。 （六）整合行銷跨功能管理過程及內部整合行銷系統，有助於國內有線電視寬頻網路事業進行傳播策略的整合。 （七）國內有線電視寬頻網路事業在傳播工具整合上具有良好成效，有助於品牌提昇與企業關係利益人的互動。 本研究並做出下列建議： （一）市場上，國內有線電視寬頻網路服務業者應該： 1.加速地方系統台的通路整合。 2.擴張綜合平台理念，提供綑綁式服務。 3.轉移並區分消費者市場。 （二）而就整合行銷觀點，國內有線電視寬頻網路服務業者應該： 1.改變公司行銷傳播的體制及優先順序。 2.建立新品牌接觸點與關係型的消費者資料庫內容。 3.儘快建立公司內部整合行銷系統。

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as a viable modulation technique for an ultrasonic acoustic underwater modem. The underwater environment provides a challenging setting for acoustic communications. Long delay spreads due to multipath propagation, severe Doppler frequency shifts, frequency dependent absorption and very limited bandwidth are but some of the challenges to overcome. OFDM essentially provides the parallel transmission of symbols in the frequency domain by simultaneously modulating many closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers. The resulting long parallel symbol rate together with the cyclic extension of symbols render the signal robust against intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation. Intercarrier interference (ICI) between the overlapping frequency responses of subcarriers is mitigated by their property of orthogonality. Doppler spread contributes to the loss of orthogonality and can result in severe ICI. A method of measuring the Doppler shift by means of including a preamble and postamble symbol with each data frame is proposed. The detected frequency offset is corrected by resampling the frame at the desired sample rate. Not only do the ambles serve as a mechanism for timing and frequency synchronisation, but they are also applied in the channel estimation process. The equalisation of channel response is required for the coherent demodulation of the received symbols. An investigation into different phase shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations reveal optimal arrangements for minimal symbol errors. The optimised QAM constellations do not lend themselves to Gray-coding, so that an efficient interleaving scheme is needed to mitigate the non-uniform distribution of bit errors among symbol errors. Forward error correction is provided via a Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) block code. Variable code rates, together with the ability to switch between different constellations, enable the modem to perform so-called variable modulation in an attempt to maximise the throughput under specific channel conditions. The modulation/demodulation scheme is wholly defined in software as to provide flexibility and facilitate experimentation with different signal processing methods. The accompanying hardware platform allows for the transmission of a pre-generated signal and the recording of a received signal for off-line processing. The prototype design serves as a proof of concept and thus provides only simplex communication. Field tests over limited distances demonstrate the successful operation of the prototype modem. We conclude that OFDM is indeed a suitable modulation technique for acoustic underwater communication. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die toepassing van ortogonale frekwensiedeling multipleksering (OFDM) as modulasie tegniek op ʼn onderwater kommunikasie modem. Die onderwater omgewing bied vele uitdagings vir akoestiese kommunikasie. Lang vertraging-verstrooiings as gevolg van multipad voortplanting, Doppler frekwensieskuif, frekwensieafhanklike absorpsie, en beperkte bandwydte is van die uitdagings wat oorkom moet word. In essensie bied OFDM die parallelle versending van ʼn aantal simbole deur die gelyktydige modulasie van verskeie nou-gespasieerde subdraers in die frekwensiegebied. Die gevolglike lang parallelle simboolperiodes, tesame met die sikliese uitbreiding van simbole, verleen immuniteit teen intersimbool steurnisse (ISI) wat ontstaan as gevolg van multipad voortplanting. Die ortogonaliteit van naburige draers in die frekwensiegebied beperk interdraer steuring (ICI) tussen hul oorvleuelende frekwensie weergawes. Doppler frekwensieskuif kan egter lei tot die verlies aan ortogonaliteit en bydra tot ernstige interdraer steurings. ʼn Metode wat gebruik maak van aanhef en slot simbole, ingesluit by elke raam, word voorgestel om die Dopplerskuif te meet. Die bepaalde frekwensieafset word gekorrigeer deur die monstertempo van die raam aan te pas na die verlangde tempo. Buiten die tyd- en frekwensie-sinkronisasie funksies van die aanhef en slot simbole, speel dit ook ʼn belangrike rol in die ontrekking van die frekwensie weergawe van die kanaal. Die effening van die kanaal se frekwensieweergawe is noodsaaklik vir die koherente demodulasie van die ontvangde simbole. ʼn Ondersoek na verskillende fase verskuif sleuteling (PSK) en kwadratuur amplitude modulasie (QAM) konstellasies het optimale rangskikkings opgelewer vir minimale simboolfoute. Hierdie optimale QAM konstellasies verleen hulself egter nie na Gray-kodering nie. ʼn Effektiewe invlegtegniek is nodig om die nie-uniforme verspreiding van bisfoute tussen simboolfoute te beperk. Fout korrigering funksionaliteit word gebied deur ʼn Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) blokkode. Verstelbare koderingstempo’s en die vermoë om tussen verskillende konstellasies te skakel, stel die modem in staat om sogenaamde verstelbare modulasie te gebruik in ʼn poging om die data deurset te optimeer onder spesifieke kanaal kondisies. Die modulasie en demodulasie skema is volledig in sagteware gedefinieer. Dit verleen buigbaarheid en vergemaklik eksperimentering met verskeie seinverwerkingstegnieke. Die meegaande hardeware platvorm stel die modem in staat om vooraf opgewekte seine uit te saai en rou ontvangde siene op te neem vir na-tydse verwerking. Die prototipe ontwerp dien as ʼn konseptuele bewys en bied dus slegs simplekse kommunikasie. Die suksesvolle werking van die modem is gedemonstreer deur toetsing oor beperkte afstande. Hieruit word afgelei dat OFDM inderdaad geskik is vir akoestiese onderwater kommunikasie.

No contexto dos processos de democratização do continente latino-americano, que ocorreram paralelamente a uma crise do sistema judicial e ao aumento da criminalidade, Brasil e Argentina promoveram significativas alterações legislativas no âmbito da justiça penal, com a criminalização de novas condutas, a criação de mecanismos informais para o processamento de delitos de menor potencial ofensivo e o aumento das penas e a relativização de garantias processuais para determinados delitos. O presente trabalho visa identificar nesse conjunto de movimentos de política criminal a emergência de um novo modelo de controle penal em países situados no contexto da modernidade periférica. Pretendeu-se realizar um estudo das reformas legislativas em matéria penal que tiveram lugar no Brasil e na Argentina durante a última década, a fim de compor um panorama dos movimentos de política criminal que estiveram por trás do contedo das reformas legais mais significativas' identificar sua especificidade em relação a períodos anteriores e apontar os aspectos mais relevantes que indicassem o sentido dos movimentos de reforma em curso. Constatou-se, entre outras, uma tendencia à expansão e à desformalização do direito penal, como recurso na maioria das vezes meramente simbólico para o enfrentamento de problemas sociais cada vez mais complexos e desafiadores para as estruturas do Estado moderno. / In the context of the processes of democratization of the Latin-American continent, that happened parallel to a crisis of the judicial system and the increase of the criminality, Brazil and Argentina promoted significant legislative alterations in the extent of the penal justice, with the criminalization of new conducts, the creation of informal mechanisms for the processing of offensive potential minor crimes and the increase of the feathers and the relativization of procedural warranties for certain crimes. The present work seeks to identify in that group of movements of criminal politics the emergency of a new model of penal control in located countries in the context of the outlying modernity. It intended to accomplish a study of the legislative reforms in penal matter that had room in Brazil and in Argentina during the last decade, in order to compose a framework of the movements of criminal politics that were behind the content of the more significant legal reforms, to identify its especificity in relation to previous periods and to point the most relevant aspects that indicated the sense of the reform movements in course. It was verified, among other, a tendency to the expansion and the deformalization of the penal law, as a resource most of the time merely symbolic for face up to the social problems more and more complex and challenging for the structures of the modern State.

No contexto dos processos de democratização do continente latino-americano, que ocorreram paralelamente a uma crise do sistema judicial e ao aumento da criminalidade, Brasil e Argentina promoveram significativas alterações legislativas no âmbito da justiça penal, com a criminalização de novas condutas, a criação de mecanismos informais para o processamento de delitos de menor potencial ofensivo e o aumento das penas e a relativização de garantias processuais para determinados delitos. O presente trabalho visa identificar nesse conjunto de movimentos de política criminal a emergência de um novo modelo de controle penal em países situados no contexto da modernidade periférica. Pretendeu-se realizar um estudo das reformas legislativas em matéria penal que tiveram lugar no Brasil e na Argentina durante a última década, a fim de compor um panorama dos movimentos de política criminal que estiveram por trás do contedo das reformas legais mais significativas' identificar sua especificidade em relação a períodos anteriores e apontar os aspectos mais relevantes que indicassem o sentido dos movimentos de reforma em curso. Constatou-se, entre outras, uma tendencia à expansão e à desformalização do direito penal, como recurso na maioria das vezes meramente simbólico para o enfrentamento de problemas sociais cada vez mais complexos e desafiadores para as estruturas do Estado moderno. / In the context of the processes of democratization of the Latin-American continent, that happened parallel to a crisis of the judicial system and the increase of the criminality, Brazil and Argentina promoted significant legislative alterations in the extent of the penal justice, with the criminalization of new conducts, the creation of informal mechanisms for the processing of offensive potential minor crimes and the increase of the feathers and the relativization of procedural warranties for certain crimes. The present work seeks to identify in that group of movements of criminal politics the emergency of a new model of penal control in located countries in the context of the outlying modernity. It intended to accomplish a study of the legislative reforms in penal matter that had room in Brazil and in Argentina during the last decade, in order to compose a framework of the movements of criminal politics that were behind the content of the more significant legal reforms, to identify its especificity in relation to previous periods and to point the most relevant aspects that indicated the sense of the reform movements in course. It was verified, among other, a tendency to the expansion and the deformalization of the penal law, as a resource most of the time merely symbolic for face up to the social problems more and more complex and challenging for the structures of the modern State.

This work deals with the issue of PLC with a focus on BPL technology (Broadbandover-power lines), which is explained in the theoretical part. The work describes in detailthe main components for PCB design with manufacturing and mounting process. Fur-thermore, the thesis provides instructions on how to establish communication betweenBPL modems and a description of individual functions. In conclusion, the procedureof measuring the noise intensity in the 230 V power line is described with the results.The output of the diploma thesis is the selection of components and the implementationof printed circuit boards for two BPL modems. These modems allow to measure SNR(signal to noise ratio) at physical speed.