Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 1017-1096).

Business-to-business relationships within sustained monopolies, such as those within Defence Procurement, have received limited attention by Management Researchers. This is unusual because under these market circumstances typically there appear to be few incentives to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes despite their strategic policy importance. The purpose of this thesis is therefore, to determine the influential relationship factors between the UK Ministry of Defence and its Industrial partners within a predominantly monopolistic Defence Procurement business. The approach adopted for this research project is exploratory and inter-subject area. It uses quantitative and supportive qualitative data to examine the problem through an economic model using Supply Chain Management, Relationship Marketing and Transaction Cost Economics. A self-selected census of 54 business relationships is carried out from both the buyer and supplier perspectives through staff questionnaires and team leader semi-structured interviews. The findings from this research show, contrary to the expectation of the theoretical model, a positive relationship success situation with a spectrum of both positive and negative behavioural factors present. However, a significant adversarial influence is a suite of issues that are endemic to the business in question such as old products, obsolescence, staff and organisational upheavals, poor end-customer visibility and lack of investment in modern procedures and systems. Within the monopoly environment these accentuate managers’ frustrations due to lack of freedom of action. The primary contribution of this research is therefore, an increased understanding of the business-to-business relationship dynamics within long-term, closely coupled, collaborative, business-to-business arrangements as exemplified by UK Defence and the results are likely to be of interest to both academics and managers.

Este estudo de Geografia analisa o processo de territorialização dos monopólios no setor sucroenergético e discute a formação dos grupos econômicos agroindustriais monocultores territorializados. Seu intuito é compreender a concentração econômica e territorial, característica da agricultura mundializada, nesta etapa monopolista do capitalismo. As fusões territoriais monopolísticas que se constituem na expressão objetiva da territorialização dos monopólios são reveladas por todo o Estado de São Paulo, onde a agroindústria canavieira realiza o cultivo e o processamento da cana-deaçúcar. No caminho da análise, as contradições próprias do desenvolvimento capitalista tornam-se evidentes e a noção de exploração da força de trabalho neste setor, bem como a compreensão das formas de apropriação da renda da terra pelo capital, contribuem para explicar a relação entre agricultura e indústria e desvendar as especificidades dessas distintas atividades. Por tudo isso, destacam-se as alianças de classes e frações de classes (capitalistas industriais/ agrícolas/proprietários de terras) que são centrais no processo de territorialização dos monopólios no setor sucroenergético. / This Geography study analyzes the process of territorialization of monopolies in the sugar cane energetic sector and discusses the formation of territorially monoculture agribusiness conglomerates. Your goal is to understand the economic and territorial concentration, characteristic of globalized agriculture, in the monopoly stage of capitalism. The monopolistic territorial fusions that constitute the objective expression of territorialization of monopolies are revealed throughout the state of São Paulo, where the sugarcane agribusiness holds the cultivation and processing of sugar cane. In the way of analysis, the contradictions of capitalist development become evident and the notion of exploitation of the workforce in this sector, as well as understanding of the forms of ownership of land rent by capital, help to explain the relationship between agriculture and industry and reveals the specificities of these different activities. For all that, there are the alliances of classes and fractions of classes (capitalist industrial / agricultural / land owners) that are central to the process of territorialization of monopolies in the sugar cane energetic sector

This article addresses the way entry regulation works, creating prohibitions for the access of new competitors to markets (absolute effects) or limitations to the number of providers that can operate in the market (relative effects). The paper also assesses whether Peruvian legal framework allows for entry regulation, because it guarantees free private initiative and prohibits the creation of legal monopolies. Finally, several examples from Peruvian experience are used to explain the scenarios were entry regulation can have suitable and reasonable justification, as well as other scenarios were such measures lack support and cause negative effects on the market and consumer choices. / En este artículo, se explica cómo funciona la regulación de entrada estableciendo prohibiciones o impedimentos para la entrada de nuevos competidores (efectos absolutos) o limitaciones al número de operadores que pueden actuar en el mercado (efectos relativos). Asimismo, se evalúa si existe espacio para la regulación de entrada dentro del marco legal peruano, que garantiza la libre iniciativa privada y prohíbe el establecimiento de monopolios legales. Finalmente, a través de diversos casos concretos peruanos, se explica los escenarios en que la regulación de entrada, ya sea con efectos absolutos o relativos, puede tener una justificación válida y razonable, así como otros supuestos en que ese tipo de medidas carecen de sustento y ocasionan efectos negativos para el mercado y las opciones de elección de los consumidores.

Après l’octroi des premières capitulations au début du XVIe siècle par les sultans turcs, de nombreux négociants provençaux fondent des établissement dans les principales places de commerce de l’Empire ottoman. Depuis l’Époque médiévale, celles-ci sont désignées sous le vocable d’échelles du Levant et de Barbarie. Ces termes renvoient également aux cadres juridiques développés pour organiser ce commerce international de grande ampleur. Dès lors, les marchands des échelles sont soumis à une triple contrainte résultant du droit capitulaire turc, des usages commerciaux et de la législation royale. En s’appuyant sur les capitulations qui garantissent la libre circulation des personnes et des biens sur le territoire ottoman, les négociants français développent des structures juridiques empiriques. À partir de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle, les rois de France essayent par ailleurs d’imposer une forme de dirigisme commercial, afin de subordonner l’activité économique à la politique royale et de la faire tendre vers le bien de l’État. / After the Ottoman Empire granted France access to selected markets starting in the 16th century, a large number of merchants of Provence established selling agents in the main trading ports of Levant. Since the Medieval period these ports had been called échelles of Levant, in the Middle East, and échelles of Barbary, in North Africa. These terms are also used to name the legal framework governing the international trade with these regions. Since then, the merchants of this marketplaces had to meet three kinds of regulations : local commercial law, regulations from the Turkish administration and regulations from the French Royal administration. French merchants developed new forms of enterprise based on the capitulations that ensured free movement of people and goods within the Ottoman territory. From the second half of the 17th century, the French royal administration tried to implement an interventionist policy in an attempt to control the trade and benefit from it.

Freedom of speech as a basic right is the starting point of the article. The Inter-American legal framework contributes pondering on the importance plurality and the vast array of information have in the validity of this right and democracy in general. This consideration is done from the standards given by the Commission reports and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights case law. The article ponders on how and how much the exercise of freedom of speech right is affected by the excessive concentrationof personal property and control over the media. / El artículo toma como punto de partida que la libertad de expresión forma parte del corpus de derechos fundamentales que el marco jurídico interamericano para reflexionar sobre la importancia de la pluralidad y la diversidad de la información tienen para la vigencia de este derecho y de la democracia en general. Esta reflexión se realiza a partir de los estándares construidos por los informes de la Comisión y la jurisprudencia de la Corte interamericanas. El texto reflexiona sobre cuánto y cómo afecta, al pleno ejercicio de la libertad de expresión, la excesiva concentración de la propiedad privada y del control de los medios de comunicación.

In South Africa compliance with competition law has become a major concern for firms that achieve and maintain certain levels of success and growth in the market, as their actions are often a source of complaints and litigation by rivals and competition authorities. With substantial financial penalties often levied against them for a variety of conduct deemed to constitute an abuse of their market position, dominant firms must constantly be aware of the likely impact of their business strategies and actions on both rivals and consumers. What were once thought to be normal and economically sound business practices and decisions, such as cutting prices to attract customers, have now acquired new meanings, with devastating consequences for dominant firms. So, are dominant firms under attack from competition law? In this study I aim to determine this. I track the historical development of competition law in three jurisdictions: South Africa, America, and the EU, with the aim of identifying traces, if any, of hostility towards dominant firms in the origins of competition law. I further investigate whether the formulation and enforcement of certain aspects of existing abuse of dominance provisions manifest as hostility towards dominant firms. While acknowledging the important role that competition law enforcement plays in promoting competition and enhancing consumer welfare, I conclude that significant unjustified economic and legal prejudice is suffered by dominant firms as a result of the way in which certain abuse of dominance provisions have been formulated and applied. I also offer appropriate recommendations. / Mercantile Law / LL. D.

The privatisation and liberalisation of telecommunications throughout the world has resulted in the growing involvement of competition authorities in telecommunications regulation, alongside telecommunications sector-specific regulators. The existence of both sector specific rules and competition rules has brought about a critical institutional challenge. The increased role of competition authorities in the telecommunications sector raises the issue of inconsistent jurisdiction in the sector. Conflicts are therefore inevitable in the absence of clear delineation of jurisdiction. The South African model for regulation in the telecommunications sector entails a sharing of jurisdiction between the sector-specific regulator, the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA), and the competition-wide regulator, the Competition Commission. The study thus determines the interplay between the Competition Commission and ICASA as well as the competitiveness of South African telecommunications. / Communication Science / M.A. (International Communication))

The privatisation and liberalisation of telecommunications throughout the world has resulted in the growing involvement of competition authorities in telecommunications regulation, alongside telecommunications sector-specific regulators. The existence of both sector specific rules and competition rules has brought about a critical institutional challenge. The increased role of competition authorities in the telecommunications sector raises the issue of inconsistent jurisdiction in the sector. Conflicts are therefore inevitable in the absence of clear delineation of jurisdiction. The South African model for regulation in the telecommunications sector entails a sharing of jurisdiction between the sector-specific regulator, the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA), and the competition-wide regulator, the Competition Commission. The study thus determines the interplay between the Competition Commission and ICASA as well as the competitiveness of South African telecommunications. / Communication Science / M.A. (International Communication))

Um Kernfragen zur Mehrautorenschaft in einer bestimmten Zielgruppe zu klären, konzentriert sich diese Arbeit auf Aspekte von technologischer Kompetenz, menschlicher Interaktion und institutioneller Leitlinien. Zuerst werden interdisziplinäre Argumente in Bezug zu Mehrautorenschaft aus den Sozialwissenschaften, Naturwissenschaften, Informatik und Geisteswissenschaften präsentiert. Die Literaturübersicht enthält Statistiken zu Informationsnutzung, Beschreibung von Strategien des Wissensmanagements, Erforschung von Verhaltensmustern und Trends in der Kommunikationstechnologie, sowie Diskussionen einiger historischer, politischer und inhaltlicher Aspekte, welche die Anwendung des Internet als kollaboratives Werkzeug im akademischen Kontext beeinflussen können. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich auch mit einigen Kontroversen zur Konzeption von Wissenschaft und wissenschaftlicher Praktiken, welche indirekt mit der Problematik von wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation und Zusammenarbeit, sowie Wissensproduktion in Zusammenhang stehen, insofern sie die Produktion Texten mit mehreren Autoren betreffen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit befasst sich mir dem zur Zeit vorherrschenden System zur Evaluation akademischer Publikationen (Bibliometrie oder Scientometrie; QUALIS und SCIELO Systeme). Das vorhandene System für die Evaluation von Autoren ist in der Regel unfair /voreingenommen. Das liegt daran, das Statistiken leicht manipuliert werden können um einer bürokratischen und unternehmerischen Agenda zu folgen oder individuelle Interessen darzustellen, anstatt die wirklichen Verdienste eines Autors widerzuspiegeln. Die Untersuchung wurde anhand von semi-strukturierten Interviews durchgeführt, in Kombination mit einer quantitativen Erhebung, welche drei miteinander verbundene Aspekte (technologische, institutionelle und kulturelle), die bei der in Mehrautorenschaft eine Rolle spielen, innerhalb des Graduiertenprogramms in 'Forest Engineering' an der Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brasilien) hervorheben sollte. / In order to verify core issues for co-authorship in a specific audience, the current work focus on technological literacy, human interaction, and institutional policy. It first presents an interdisciplinary collection of arguments from social sciences, natural sciences, computer sciences, and humanities about scientific collaboration, especially regarding co-authorship activities. This literature review includes statistics on information usage, description of knowledge management strategies, exploration of behavioral patterns, communication technology trends, and discussions of some historical, political and contextual elements that may be influencing the application of the Internet as a collaborative tool within academic contexts. It also draws back few controversies about the concept of science and its practices, which are indirectly related to the problematic of scholarly communication, scientific collaboration, and knowledge production. The investigation targets these activities in what they concern the production of co-authored texts. A special focus of this work targets the current mainstream system of academic publishing ranking and evaluation (Bibliometrics or Scientometrics; QUALIS and SCIELO systems). The existing measurement system for the ranking of authors is generally an unfair/biased system, as statistics can easily be manipulated by a bureaucratic and corporate agenda, or by individual interests, rather than representing the real merit of an author. The inquiry applies a semi-structured in-depth interview combined with a quantitative survey intending to reveal three interrelated aspects (Technological, Institutional, and Cultural) involved in co-authorship activities within the Graduate Program in Forest Engineering at the Federal University of Paraná/Brazil.