Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Brazilian Northeastern Semi - arid during its occupation process was a region of stimulated economic value at the height of cattle breeding and also for its fertile lands, in which urban clusters formed, most of them close to intermittent rivers and streams.With the population densification in the urban nuclei resulted in the search for other places, and the settlement extended to the vast lands that sheltered the interior of these cities, mainly in the areas surrounded by isolated mountain ranges, known as upland forest, endowed with more humid climate, Lush forest and rising springs. Thus, they became favorable environments to the detriment of the natural system, by the continuous use of water, of its natural sources. It is known that the semi-arid region in the Northeast of Brazil suffers from water deficiency, where it is supplied by its hydrographic basins, whose sources are considered by law, permanent preservation areas - APP'S, and aim to establish the continuous sustenance of water supply. The current research seeks to analyze the socioenvironmental dynamics of the springs in Poço das Trincheiras, semi - arid region of Alagoas, with the spatial cut of the research in Serra do Poço, classified as an montane wet forest and due to environmental conditions, Thus forming the Serra do Poço Village. The municipality integrates the hydrographical region of the São Francisco River, and is drained by the sub - basins of the Rio Ipanema, Capiá and Riacho Grande. Poço das Trincheiras is bathed by intermittent rivers, but with many natural sources or watery eyes that originate on the mountains, coming from the outcrop of groundwater. Due to the water stresses and climatic anomalies faced by the living in the backlands, the springs are primordial sources of utilization of the population to overcome problems related to water scarcity, thus establishing a direct relationship between society and nature. For this, the developed research was outlined, starting from the systemic approach, having as category of geographic analysis the landscape. The methodological procedures consist of: bibliographic research, documentary research, experimental research and data treatment. A theoretical reference was made on the theme, later an integrated analysis of the landscape through the characterization of the environmental and socioeconomic constraints of the study area and, finally, the study of these sources. Finally, it is concluded that the springs areas protected by law evidenced in the municipality, especially in the Serra do Poço Village, are in small rural properties, totaling 12 (twelve), serving as local use for the community, whether in the cultivation of subsistence or watering of animals, some disturbed, others degraded by anthropic actions, but that there is no type of inspection or applicability of the legislation in the area. / O Semiárido nordestino brasileiro, durante o seu processo de ocupação, foi uma região de estimulado valor econômico no auge da criação bovina e também por suas terras férteis, nas quais se formaram aglomerados urbanos, a maioria próxima aos rios e riachos intermitentes. O adensamento populacional nos núcleos urbanos resultou na procura de outros locais, sendo que o povoamento se estendeu pelas vastas terras que abrigavam o interior dessas cidades, principalmente para áreas circundadas por serras isoladas, conhecidas como brejos de altitude, dotadas de clima mais úmido, mata exuberante e afloramento de nascentes. Assim, tornaram-se ambientes favoráveis, em face do sistema natural e do uso contínuo de água de suas fontes naturais. Sabe-se que a região semiárida, no Nordeste do Brasil, sofre com a insuficiência hídrica, que é suprida por suas bacias hidrográficas, cujas nascentes são consideradas por lei áreas de preservação permanente – APP’S – e visam a estabelecer o sustento contínuo do fornecimento de água. A pesquisa vigente busca em seu objetivo geral analisar a dinâmica socioambiental das nascentes em Poço das Trincheiras, no semiárido alagoano, sendo o recorte espacial da pesquisa situado em Serra do Poço, classificada como um brejo de altitude que, devido às condições ambientais, foi ocupada, formando assim o Povoado Serra do Poço. O município integra a região hidrográfica do rio São Francisco e é drenado pelas sub-bacias dos rios Ipanema, Capiá e Riacho Grande. Poço das Trincheiras é banhado por rios intermitentes, mas com muitas fontes naturais ou olhos d’água que se originam sobre as serras, provenientes do afloramento das águas subterrâneas. Devido aos estresses hídricos e às anomalias climáticas enfrentados pelos viventes dos sertões, as nascentes são fontes primordiais de utilização da população para vencer problemas relacionados à escassez de água, estabelecendo assim uma relação direta entre sociedade e natureza. Diante disso, a pesquisa desenvolvida delineou-se a partir da abordagem sistêmica, tendo como categoria de análise geográfica a paisagem. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos utilizados, eles consistiram em: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, pesquisa experimental e tratamento dos dados. Realizou-se um levantamento teórico acerca da temática, posteriormente fez-se uma análise integrada da paisagem através da caracterização dos condicionantes ambientais e socioeconômicos da área de estudo e, por fim, procedeu-se ao estudo dessas nascentes. Enfim, conclui-se que as nascentes, áreas protegidas por lei, evidenciadas no município, em especial no Povoado Serra do Poço, encontram-se em pequenas propriedades rurais, totalizando 12 (doze), servindo de uso local para a comunidade, seja no cultivo de subsistência ou na dessedentação de animais; verificou-se ainda que algumas são perturbadas e outras são degradadas pelas ações antrópicas, mas não existe nenhum tipo de fiscalização e nem aplicabilidade da legislação na área. / São Cristóvão, SE

Orientadores: Carlos Alfredo Joly, Flavio Antonio Maës dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinha_Daniella_D.pdf: 19806435 bytes, checksum: af3818b4640c3acda5f09a0580ff9346 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Estudos prévios demonstraram baixa sazonalidade na frutificação em florestas tropicais não-sazonais, o que poderia influenciar o padrão temporal e espacial da chuva de sementes e do banco de sementes. Entretanto, esses processos não são conhecidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar como ocorre a regeneração natural via sementes em uma floresta tropical Montana no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Foram testadas as hipóteses: (1) a sazonalidade na chuva de sementes é fraca ou ausente e esse padrão não se diferencia dentro dos modos de dispersão; (2) o banco de sementes é florísticamente relacionado com a chuva de sementes e espacialmente acoplado; (3) o banco de sementes apresenta baixa sazonalidade e esse padrão não difere dentro dos modos de dispersão. Em 2 hectares de floresta, nós registramos o total de 29959-62904 diásporos na chuva de sementes (104-106 spp.), 1029-2999 diásporos no banco de sementes da serapilheira (36-38 spp.) e 6288-7824 plântulas no banco de sementes do solo (74-82 spp.) ao longo de dois anos. Asteraceae, Urticaceae e Melastomataceae foram abundantes na chuva de sementes (63-81%), no banco de sementes da serapilheira (70-73%) e no banco de sementes do solo (77-84%). A maior riqueza de espécies foi de arbóreas na chuva de sementes (59-61%) e banco de sementes da serapilheira (72-68%), e de herbáceas no banco de sementes do solo (ca. 55%). Houve maior proporção de sementes arbóreas em todas as vias de regeneração, assim como maior riqueza de espécies zoocóricas (mais de 50%). Entretanto, a anemocoria contribuiu com a maior proporção do total de sementes no banco de sementes do solo (ca. 75%) e da chuva de sementes de uma das áreas (64%). Houve sazonalidade na chuva de sementes com um único pico na abundância (Out-Nov). Esse padrão foi reforçado pela sazonalidade na abundância e riqueza de espécies da chuva de sementes anemocórica e zoocórica, ambas ocorrendo no período de maior precipitação. A chuva de sementes influenciou a composição de espécies das sementes contidas na serapilheira e no solo. Entretanto, o acoplamento espacial entre as vias de regeneração ocorreu somente em uma das áreas. O banco de sementes não apresentou variações na composição florística e houve fraca variação temporal na densidade e riqueza de espécies, repercutindo igualmente dentro dos modos de dispersão. Esse estudo demonstrou que a chuva de sementes pode ser sazonal em condições de baixa sazonalidade ambiental, independente do modo de dispersão das sementes. A relação entre composição da chuva de sementes e das sementes contidas na serapilheira e no solo revela que essas vias são interligadas e dependentes entre si, resultando em padrões espaciais agrupados. Como resultado, a baixa variação temporal do banco de sementes não pode ser atribuída à baixa sazonalidade na chuva de sementes. O fato de não haver acúmulo de sementes no solo após o período de dispersão sugere o baixo tempo de permanência das sementes. Por outro lado, a falta de acoplamento espacial em uma das áreas sugere processos de pós-dispersão atuando na reestruturação espacial do banco de sementes / Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated low seasonality in the fruiting phenology in aseasonal tropical forests, which could influence the spatial and temporal pattern of seed rain and seed bank. However, these processes are poorly known. The aim of this study was to determine seed natural regeneration in an Atlantic tropical Montane forest located in southeast of Brazil, Serra do Mar State Park. The hipotheses were tested: (1) seasonality of seed rain is weak or absent and this pattern is no different within the dispersal modes; (2) the floristic composition of seed bank is closely related with seed rain and there is a spatial association between them; (3) the seed bank has a low seasonality and this pattern is the same within the dispersal modes. In two hectares of forest we recorded total of 29959-62904 seeds in the seed rain (104-106 spp.), 1029-2999 seeds in the litter seed bank (36-38 spp.) and 6288-7824 seedlings in the soil seed bank (78-82 spp.) over two years. Asteraceae, Urticaceae and Melastomataceae were abundant in the seed rain (63-81%), litter seed bank (70-73%) and soil seed bank (77-84%). Trees accounted to higher species richness in the seed rain (59-61%) and litter seed bank (72-68%). Herbaceous were most important to the species richness of soil seed bank (ca. 55%). There were more of tree seeds in all regeneration modes, as well as greater zoochorous species richness (more than 50%). However, anemochory had the largest proportion of total seeds in the soil seed bank (ca. 75%) as well as one of the areas where the seed rain was sampled (64%). There was seasonality of seed rain with a single peak in abundance (Oct-Nov). This pattern was reinforced by seasonality in the anemochorous and zoochorous abundance and species richness of seed rain, both occurring in the period of greatest rainfall. Seed rain influenced the species composition of the seeds in the litter and soil. However, the spatial coupling between the regeneration modes occurred in only one area. The soil seed bank showed no changes in the floristic composition and there was a weak temporal variation in density and species richness reflecting also within in the dispersal syndromes. This study demonstrated that seasonality in seed rain can occur even in tropical forests where environmental seasonality is low, regardless of the manner in which the seeds are dispersed. The relationship between seed rain and seed bank composition (litter and soil) reveals that these pathways are interconnected and dependent on each other, resulting in clustered spatial patterns. As a result, the low temporal variation of soil seed bank can not be attributed to the low seasonality of seed rain. Since there is no seed accumulation in the soil after a period of seed dispersal, short residence time of the seed in the soil is suggested. On the other hand, the lack of spatial association between seed rain and seed bank in one of the areas suggests post-dispersal processes acting in the spatial restructuring of the seed bank / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

The topic of this thesis is project and documentation for montane recreative komplex, which is situated in Loučná nad Desnou. The object is located in land-registered area Kouty nad Desnou. In this region is famous ski slope and from the hotel is nice view on this ski slope. The montane hotel respects criteria of protected landscape area Jeseníky. Architectonic plan is designed with respect to mountain scenery. In the hotel are 18 rooms with possibility 9 extra beds for 51 guests. There is a option to visit restaurant all-day. This restaurant is part of the hotel. Recreative zone is situated in north part of the hotel and this zone is devided into two parts. First part, is public and serves for all guests. This zone includes pool with whirpool bath, sauna and steam bath. Second zone is private. This zone provides privacy in massage rooms or in rooms for aromatic bath. The object is devided into four floors. Three floors are overground and one floor is underground. In the second and thirds floors are hotels rooms and rooms for clean-up and employees. First overground floor containes restauration with kitchen, coffee-bar, main hall with reception and all recreation zone, which passes to the second floor. Basement is consists of air handling units, technical rooms and housed mass garages with 21 places. Main entrance to the hotel is from south-eastern side and it is open space which passes to gallery. Type of constructional system is reinforcement framework. It is made of monolithic pillars placed on reinforcement column base with beam PEIKKO DELTABEAM. On this beam are located reinforcement ceilings elements SPIROLL. Fulfil brickwork is SILKA covered by combination of heating EPS with MW, ISOVER TWINNER with 200 millimetre thikness. Roof is combination of double cover flatbed roofs and single cover flatbed roofs. In the second floor is roof with posibility to walk to a terrace. Project was process in program ArchiCAD like BIM. In process of making was important to

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Montane meadows comprise less than 5% of the landscape of the western Cascades of Oregon, but they provide habitat for diverse species of plants and pollinators. Little is known about plant-pollinator network structure at these sites. This study quantified plant-pollinator interactions over the summer of 2011, based on six observations of 10 permanent subplots in 15 meadows, stratified by size and isolation. The study examined (1) relationships between richness and abundance of flowers, pollinators, and interactions; (2) distribution of abundance and richness of flowers, pollinators, and interactions with regards to surrounding meadow habitat; (3) change in flower and pollinator abundance over the season; (4) factors associated with the presence of various guilds of pollinators; and (5) the structure of plant-pollinator networks. The study showed that (1) richness of pollinators increased 2x faster than richness of flowers with increased abundance; (2) density of flowers and interactions was positively correlated with meadow size and diversity of pollinators and interactions were both correlated with surrounding habitat at two spatial scales; (3) peak flower abundance coincided with or preceded peaks in pollinator populations; (4) abundance of three guilds of bees exhibited different patterns of association to surrounding habitat and meadow soil moisture corresponding to various dispersal potential and phenology of guild species; and (5) the number of network pairings for plants and pollinators increased with increasing species richness of potential interaction partners and all networks were found to be significantly nested. Results of this study indicate that plant-pollinator networks are complex assemblages of species, in which spatial and temporal patterns of habitat affect species composition and network structure. In particular, flower and pollinator abundance and richness are depressed in small and isolated meadows. Significant nestedness emerged as a pattern of network level organization across the study meadows. / Graduation date: 2013

Se investigó la estructura y la dinámica de las raíces finas a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en un bosque montano de lluvioso en el sur de Ecuador. Se estudió la biomasa y la necromasa de las raíces finas, la distribución espacial, la morfología de las raíces vivas y muertas asi como su distribución temporal en tres localidades ubicadas a 1890 m, 2380 m y 3060 m sobre el nivel del mar.Se pudo comprobar un incremento de la masa de las raíces finas en la capa orgánica y en el suelo mineral (0-20 cm) con el aumento de altitud. La misma tendencia se observó en la biomasa de las raíces finas y en la necromasa, que aumentaron de 393 a 978 g m-2 y de 640 a 2398 g m-2, respectivamente. El contenido de agua en el suelo se matuvó entre 20 y 30 Vol. %. La relación de bio- y necromasa varió bastante. La fluctuación temporal de las raíces finas no mostró ninguna concordancia con las temporadas climáticas. La producción de las raíces finas aumentó con la altitud de 676 a 2193 g m-2, así como también la producción de necromasa de raíces finas que aumentó de 523 a 2085 g m-2. El tiempo de vida de las raíces finas se estimó entre 0.75 y 0.44 años aproximadamente, al mismo tiempo la masa de las raíces finas era renovada. Experimentos sobre la descomposición biológica con bolsas de hojarasca (litter bags) monstraron que la tasa de descomposición disminuye con el aumento de altitud. La superficie específica de las raíces (SRA) también diminuyó con el aumento de altitud asi como la superficie específica de las ojas (SLA). El índice areal des las raíces (RAI) aumentó por causa del aumento de la biomasa de las raíces finas. La producción de hojarasca disminuyó con el aumento de altitud, mientras que simultaneamente crecía la masa de las raíces finas y disminuía la altura de los árboles.Se pudo comprobar estadísticamente una relación entre la masa de las raíces finas y la producción de hojarasca con la altitud sobre el nivel del mar. La superficie específica de las raíces (SRA), la producción de las raíces finas y su mortalidad monstraron también una dependencia con la altitud, la temperatura del aire, el contenido de nitrógeno, los parámetros morfológicos (SLA, SRA), la altura media del tronco y el diámetro medio del tronco (medido a un 1.3 m). Se encontró una correlación negativa entre la precipitación y la tasa de retorno y la expectativa de vida de las raíces finas.

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