This study focuses on the identities of family farm operators and the challenges to maintaining viable farm operations in today’s agricultural economy. Employing a grounded qualitative approach, the author conducted 18 in-depth interviews with principal farm operators from Iowa and Tennessee. Using the insights of farmers from geographically different agricultural regions, this study notes how preserving family histories, socialization processes, and farming as a moral career inform operators’ understandings of themselves and the work they do. The analysis also focuses on how family farm operators contend with a globalized agricultural economy and the moral and ethical concerns of managing a farm. Farm operators implement various tactics and framing mechanisms for resolving and, in some cases, circumventing these challenging issues in order to maintain their farms, identities, and family farm legacies.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the asylum process from an experiential perspective, starting in the country of origin, fleeing, claiming asylum and being granted refugee status. The theoretical interest is to contribute with an understanding of how this asylum process impacts on personal meaning-making, focusing on identification and positioning work of the person forced to flee and make an asylum claim. With this purpose in mind, I have remained close to the experiences of the participants talk made visible through interpretative analysis.   Drawing on a discursive-psychological approach, 19 interview-cases (10 in England and 9 in Sweden) have been analysed consisting of stories of the migration process: life in the country of origin, fleeing, claiming asylum and being granted refugee status. This talk includes rich description of what this has involved for these participants, in terms of the more existential aspects of this kind of migration, identification and positioning, as well as their attempts to give this process some sort of meaning. This I name refugeeship.   The results show that refugeeship is characterised by a multitude of implicit and explicit questionings concerning the refugee’s rights and duties. Implicit questions concerning the refugee’s flight, starting in the country of origin are followed by explicit questions when encountering the official legal system of asylum in the new country, which involves an erosion of sense of self. The refugee stories express what I call the moral career of refugeeship, illustrating the events in refugeeship which are ongoing, though changeable over time and space and incorporate a moral dimension. The refugee finds him or herself continuously justifying the migration, struggling for recognition and convincing ‘Others’ that one can in fact become a contributing member of  the new society.

O estudo analisa a carreira moral de homens e mulheres alcoólatras e sua repercussão na construção das diferenças e semelhanças de gênero. Para tanto foi realizado um trabalho de campo que consistiu em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 20 pacientes dez homens e dez mulheres em acompanhamento ambulatorial e/ou internados em um serviço público de saúde no Rio de Janeiro para o tratamento do alcoolismo, além de observações no cotidiano do setor. O conceito de carreira moral (GOFFMAN, 1996) expressa o aspecto fundamental do percurso pela instituição de tratamento no sentido da construção da identidade alcoólatra e da inscrição do alcoolismo como doença. A análise verifica que o alcoolismo é constituído pela articulação entre os planos físico e moral. O primeiro plano designa a construção da noção de alcoolismo como uma doença caracterizada pela perda do controle da vontade de beber. Já o plano moral abarca a dimensão relacional e sócio-cultural no interior da qual o alcoolismo é construído. A moral da vergonha é a vertente privilegiada de acesso à dimensão moral do alcoolismo, que de fato engloba e estrutura a sua medicalização. A vergonha é valorizada como um sentimento positivo que denota a manutenção da responsabilidade diante da desmoralização social provocada pelo uso de bebida. A fisicalização decorrente da carreira moral favorece o enraizamento das noções de alcoolismo-doença e da identidade alcoólatra ao mesmo tempo em que encobre os aspectos morais que regem a construção do alcoolismo. Desse modo, os informantes com inserção de longa data nas instituições de combate ao alcoolismo costumam apresentar maior apropriação daquelas noções se comparados àqueles com percurso de menor duração. Enquanto o plano moral ilumina a complexidade sócio-cultural do alcoolismo, a fisicalização uniformiza as diferenças sociais entre os alcoólatras. Essa questão se reflete na opinião pessoal dos entrevistados a respeito da indiferenciação entre homens e mulheres alcoólatras. Já quando avaliam o julgamento da sociedade sobre ambos, a diferença entre os gêneros é restituída através da consideração de que as mulheres são mais estigmatizadas do que os homens. Observou-se que o drama da mulher alcoólatra privilegia a tensão entre consumo alcoólico e questões do domínio privado, como a dificuldade de conciliar a maternidade ao referido consumo. De maneira mais evidente, o drama dos homens alcoólatras expressa o conflito entre consumo alcoólico e a adequação a um perfil masculino valorizado associado à ética do homem provedor. / The study examines the moral career of alcoholic men and women and its impact on the construction of gender differences and similarities. For this purpose, fieldwork was conducted, consisting of semi-structured interviews with 20 patients ten men and ten women who were either hospitalized or outpatients , of a public health service in the city of Rio de Janeiro, being treated for alcoholism, as well as daily observation of this service. The concept of moral career (GOFFMAN, 1996) expresses the fundamental aspect of the path taken by the institutional treatment towards the construction of an alcoholic identity, and the inclusion of alcoholism as a disease. The analysis finds that alcoholism is constituted by interconnections between physical and moral plans. Whereas the first plan designates the construction of the notion of alcoholism as a disease characterized by loss of control of the will to drink, the moral plan comprises the relational and social-cultural dimensions within which alcoholism is built. The moral of shame is the part of privileged access to the moral dimension of alcoholism, which in fact encompasses and structures its medicalization. Shame is valued as a positive feeling that denotes the maintenance of responsibility towards the social demoralization caused by the use of liquor. The physicalization resulting from the moral career favors the embedding of the concepts of alcoholism-disease and alcoholic-identity, while obscuring the moral aspects that conduct the construction of alcoholism. Thus, the informants with long-time insertion in the institutions dedicated to the fight against alcoholism often have greater ownership of those notions, if compared to those with shorter route. While the moral plan illuminates the socio-cultural complexity of alcoholism, physicalization standardizes social differences amidst alcoholics. This issue is reflected on the interviewees personal opinions about the lack of differentiation between alcoholic men and women. Nonetheless, when evaluating societys judgment on both, the gender difference is refunded by the consideration that women are more stigmatized than men. It was observed that the drama of alcoholic women favors the tension between alcohol consumption and matters of privacy, like the difficulty of simultaneously accommodating motherhood and such consumption. More evidently, the drama of alcoholic men expresses the conflict between alcohol consumption and suitability to a male profile associated with the ethics of the male provider.

O estudo analisa a carreira moral de homens e mulheres alcoólatras e sua repercussão na construção das diferenças e semelhanças de gênero. Para tanto foi realizado um trabalho de campo que consistiu em entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 20 pacientes dez homens e dez mulheres em acompanhamento ambulatorial e/ou internados em um serviço público de saúde no Rio de Janeiro para o tratamento do alcoolismo, além de observações no cotidiano do setor. O conceito de carreira moral (GOFFMAN, 1996) expressa o aspecto fundamental do percurso pela instituição de tratamento no sentido da construção da identidade alcoólatra e da inscrição do alcoolismo como doença. A análise verifica que o alcoolismo é constituído pela articulação entre os planos físico e moral. O primeiro plano designa a construção da noção de alcoolismo como uma doença caracterizada pela perda do controle da vontade de beber. Já o plano moral abarca a dimensão relacional e sócio-cultural no interior da qual o alcoolismo é construído. A moral da vergonha é a vertente privilegiada de acesso à dimensão moral do alcoolismo, que de fato engloba e estrutura a sua medicalização. A vergonha é valorizada como um sentimento positivo que denota a manutenção da responsabilidade diante da desmoralização social provocada pelo uso de bebida. A fisicalização decorrente da carreira moral favorece o enraizamento das noções de alcoolismo-doença e da identidade alcoólatra ao mesmo tempo em que encobre os aspectos morais que regem a construção do alcoolismo. Desse modo, os informantes com inserção de longa data nas instituições de combate ao alcoolismo costumam apresentar maior apropriação daquelas noções se comparados àqueles com percurso de menor duração. Enquanto o plano moral ilumina a complexidade sócio-cultural do alcoolismo, a fisicalização uniformiza as diferenças sociais entre os alcoólatras. Essa questão se reflete na opinião pessoal dos entrevistados a respeito da indiferenciação entre homens e mulheres alcoólatras. Já quando avaliam o julgamento da sociedade sobre ambos, a diferença entre os gêneros é restituída através da consideração de que as mulheres são mais estigmatizadas do que os homens. Observou-se que o drama da mulher alcoólatra privilegia a tensão entre consumo alcoólico e questões do domínio privado, como a dificuldade de conciliar a maternidade ao referido consumo. De maneira mais evidente, o drama dos homens alcoólatras expressa o conflito entre consumo alcoólico e a adequação a um perfil masculino valorizado associado à ética do homem provedor. / The study examines the moral career of alcoholic men and women and its impact on the construction of gender differences and similarities. For this purpose, fieldwork was conducted, consisting of semi-structured interviews with 20 patients ten men and ten women who were either hospitalized or outpatients , of a public health service in the city of Rio de Janeiro, being treated for alcoholism, as well as daily observation of this service. The concept of moral career (GOFFMAN, 1996) expresses the fundamental aspect of the path taken by the institutional treatment towards the construction of an alcoholic identity, and the inclusion of alcoholism as a disease. The analysis finds that alcoholism is constituted by interconnections between physical and moral plans. Whereas the first plan designates the construction of the notion of alcoholism as a disease characterized by loss of control of the will to drink, the moral plan comprises the relational and social-cultural dimensions within which alcoholism is built. The moral of shame is the part of privileged access to the moral dimension of alcoholism, which in fact encompasses and structures its medicalization. Shame is valued as a positive feeling that denotes the maintenance of responsibility towards the social demoralization caused by the use of liquor. The physicalization resulting from the moral career favors the embedding of the concepts of alcoholism-disease and alcoholic-identity, while obscuring the moral aspects that conduct the construction of alcoholism. Thus, the informants with long-time insertion in the institutions dedicated to the fight against alcoholism often have greater ownership of those notions, if compared to those with shorter route. While the moral plan illuminates the socio-cultural complexity of alcoholism, physicalization standardizes social differences amidst alcoholics. This issue is reflected on the interviewees personal opinions about the lack of differentiation between alcoholic men and women. Nonetheless, when evaluating societys judgment on both, the gender difference is refunded by the consideration that women are more stigmatized than men. It was observed that the drama of alcoholic women favors the tension between alcohol consumption and matters of privacy, like the difficulty of simultaneously accommodating motherhood and such consumption. More evidently, the drama of alcoholic men expresses the conflict between alcohol consumption and suitability to a male profile associated with the ethics of the male provider.

La thèse propose une analyse sociologique des expériences de la séropositivité au VIH des homosexuels masculins, à l’heure de la mise en indétectabilité biologique du virus dans leurs corps. La conduite d’une enquête longitudinale durant les deux premières années suivant le diagnostic médical mêlant essentiellement des entretiens biographiques répétés avec ces hommes, et des observations multi-situées au sein des différents espaces qu’ils fréquentent et traversent – les Services des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales des hôpitaux ; des associations liées au VIH-sida et/ou communautaires Lesbiennes, Gay, Bi et Transexuelles ; des espaces de sociabilités homosexuelles ; la sphère privée : amicale, familiale et liée au couple –, permet de saisir les formes plurielles d’appropriation de la séropositivité. Aussi, la notion de carrière permet d’analyser la façon dont les histoires individuelles de ces hommes s’articulent à l’expérience de l’institution VIH et à ses dispositifs, à la fois dans et hors les murs de l’hôpital. De la culpabilisation au rachat, en passant par la responsabilisation, à partir d’un même itinéraire moral se dessinent différents devenirs séropositifs, en fonction des ressources et dispositions sociales et morales des enquêtés. La thèse montre les processus de transformations subjectives qui s’opèrent chez ces hommes, travaillés par des enjeux moraux mouvants et divergents liés essentiellement à la responsabilisation homosexuelle, pour se racheter et/ou changer. La séropositivité au VIH fait l’objet d’une socialisation spécifique, marquée par un processus de disqualification. L’expérience de cette disqualification sociale, à la fois biologique et morale, où le corps est désormais subordonné à la surveillance et au pouvoir biomédical, vient aussi troubler les dispositions genrées. Dans ce cadre, les devenirs séropositifs sont le produit de l’articulation des socialisations à la séropositivité et de celles antérieures, notamment en termes de morale et de genre. Ils sont également liés à la façon dont ces hommes ont construit leur engagement puis leur carrière homosexuelle, participant à une recomposition des masculinités lors du processus de socialisation à la séropositivité. La thèse conduit in fine à un éclairage du fonctionnement de l’institution VIH en France, des caractéristiques de ses dispositifs, et des tenants normatifs et/ou moralisateurs des biotechnologies et de l’usage de la biochimie se généralisant dans la discipline des corps et la surveillance en santé publique. / The thesis proposes a sociological analysis of gay men’s experiences of HIV, in the time of biological undetectability of the virus in their bodies. The conduct of a longitudinal survey during the first two years following the medical diagnosis, which essentially involves repeated biographical interviews with these men, and multi-site observations within the different spaces they use and cross - the Infectious Diseases and Tropical hospitals; HIV / AIDS and/or LGBT NGOs; spaces of gay sociability; private sphere: friends, family and couple, allows us to grasp the plural forms of appropriation of their HIV status. The concept of career helps us to analyze how the individual stories of these men articulate with the experience of the HIV institution and its devices, both within and outside the walls of the hospital. From guilt to empowerment, through accountability, from the same moral itinerary emerge different HIV-positive outcomes, depending on the resources and social and moral dispositions of the respondents.The thesis shows the processes of subjective transformations that take place among these men, facing changing and divergent moral issues linked essentially to homosexual responsibility, to redeem themselves and / or change. HIV positivity is the subject of a specific socialization, marked by a disqualification process. The experience of this social disqualification, both biological and moral, where the body is now subordinated to biomedical surveillance and power, also disturbs the gendered dispositions. In this context, HIV-positive outcomes are the result of HIV socializations articulated to previous ones, in particular in terms of morality and gender. They are also linked to how these men built their commitment and then their homosexual career, participating in a redefinition of masculinities during the process of HIV socialization. The thesis eventually highlights the HIV institution works in France, the characteristics of its devices, as well as the normative and / or moralistic impacts of biotechnologies and use of biochemistry that have generalized in the discipline of bodies and public health surveillance.

The subject of this thesis is a description and analysis of life imprisonment prisoners' daily life. The thesis deals with wider integration of daily life in jail. The jail as an institution and its impact on prisoners' life is described in theory. Problems of life imprisonment, key words connected with daily reality of total institutions and jail as a formal organization are also analysed. This work points out the lost of life imprisonment prisoner's identity and the importance of process adaptation in it. That means that life in jail is connected to identity lost during his collision with total institution. This process of identity lost is obvious particularly in of life imprisonment prisoners. In theoretical part of this thesis I derive from references of sociologists who work with topics of total institutions, stigmatization, moral career, technique of power and other sociological concepts. I try to show the impact of punishment on one's identity, what strategies of dealing with stress prisoners use and the whole picture of prisoner's personality impacted by the isolation from outer world to the end of the life. I would like to summarize the daily routine of life imprisonment prisoner. I suppose that this thesis doesn't give unambiguous conclusions but I would like to expound this sphere and...