The primary interest of this investigation concerned the self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) of inpatient adolescents. Previous researchers have provided descriptive information regarding either automatic (or intrinsic) and social components using the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI). However, the presence and trends of these components have not firmly been established, suggesting the need to explore this area further. Eighty-two adolescent inpatients were selected and interviewed using the SITBI to evaluate the predictive ability of self-reported self-injurious behavior with regard to social and automatic, negative and positive functions. Results showed that depending on the type of thought or behavior displayed one could discern the motivation behind their actions. Automatic-Negative was seen to have the strongest relationship across all SITB behaviors while Automatic-Negative was not found to be relatively low compared to other SITB behaviors. Both Social-Positive and Social-Negative were found to be present in moderate relationships compared to Automatic in general.

The demand for organic sustainable products has been growing exponentially in the past years, pressuring the industry to showcase the sustainable origin and conditions of their products to their consumers. Companies use certifications and eco-labels to show the sustainability behind their products, but the standards behind these certifications can be hard to understand as certification companies are struggling to communicate them to the end consumers. Emerging technologies such as QR codes, IoT and blockchain provide new options for increasing traceability and transparency in the certification industry, but these technologies are not widely adopted. This thesis investigates the current practices in certification companies by performing semi-structured interviews with different actors in the certification industry, to understand what are the motivations and barriers that companies see in the adoption of new technologies for transparency and traceability. Once motivations and barriers have been identified, the authors frame them into a motivational model and propose organisational strategies for these companies in order to overcome the barriers and produce change towards technology adoption, traceability and transparency improvement, and sustainability advocacy.Industry practitioners can use these technologies to increase the trust in their brands and to ensure the sustainability of their supply chains. Further, new emerging technologies can be seen as a tool to assess the companies’ strategic and tactical decisions to comply with their CSR policy, decisions that can eventually lead to an organisational change providing companies with a more sustainable perspective of their operations.

While there are numerous examples of research investigating who would protest and why, the research fields of social movements and political participation have not done enough to understand the motivations of women in protest. Nor are there enough studies of the mobilisation of women in anti-regime protest in a post-communist context. This thesis investigates what motivates women in non-democratic settings to participate in protest, despite the elevated costs and risks given the context. It examines Belarus, a protest movement where women have taken on a prevalent role in the protest movement of 2020. The research design is a within-case study using the method of in-depth interviews. I conduct interviews with ten Belarusian female protesters who are found primarily via a snowball sampling technique. The transcribed interviews are analysed using a framework of collective and selective incentives. The study finds that discontent with the government and belief in the movement’s success are significant motivations, while there is not belief that their own participation will enhance the likelihood of success. Results also show that respondents were motivated by the violence used against protesters, a newfound sense of community between Belarusians, solidarity with protesters, the peaceful repertoires in the movement and group belongingness with other women. Taken together, these results deepen our understanding of protests as motivations in themselves and of motivation as a resource, but foremost of why women protest. The results might incentivise more research to be made on women’s role in protest and motivations to join social movements.

The future of Vermont’s 1.8 million hectares (4.5 million acres) of forest habitat will be largely determined by the decisions of family forest owners, who collectively own 60% of the state’s forested land. To promote management for wildlife habitat, government agencies and non-governmental partnerships provide technical and financial support to family forest owners in the form of conservation assistance programs. In Chapter 1, I qualitatively compared the efficacy of two types of conservation assistance programs available in Vermont: traditional programs offered through the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and a simplified, accelerated program offered through a non-governmental partnership called Woods, Wildlife, and Warblers. By conducting interviews with 20 Vermont family forest owners, I identified common motivation and barrier themes and compared these themes across programs using the Transtheoretical Model’s Stages of Change. Most motivations and barriers were described by landowners across all Stages of Change, but two motivations (professional recommendations and straightforward applications) and one barrier (independent forest management values) varied by either Stage of Change, program type, or both. I used the findings from the interviews to develop a mail survey, which was used to quantify patterns regarding motivations and barriers towards three habitat conservation actions: 1) arranging for a forestry professional to walk the land, 2) applying for cost-share funds, and 3) making a patch cut. The results from this survey, which was sent to 2,122 randomly selected Vermont family forest owners and had a cooperation rate of 38%, are presented in Chapter 2. Using logistic regression models, I identified multiple significant motivations or barriers for each of the three actions. Additionally, I used contingency tables to compare respondents’ levels of agreement for these motivations and barriers – as well as their level of trust for various information sources – with their Stage of Change. Overall, levels of agreement varied significantly across one or more Stages of Change for all motivations and barriers, and trustworthiness varied for 13 out of 14 information sources. Across both chapters, I provide recommendations to increase program efficacy with an emphasis on program attributes and tailored messaging.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the consumer resale behaviour of Millennial consumers in the context of personal luxury goods in order to identify the motivational drivers and barriers of reselling. Prior discussions about resale behaviour have focused on disposition behaviour, the relation of resale behaviour and purchasing, as well as meanings associated with reselling personal luxury goods. Yet, only few studies have approached consumer resale behaviour from the perspective of possessing, thus neglecting the significance of resale barriers. Consequently, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of resale behaviour motivations by exploring the phenomenon from the view of the whole consumption cycle, consisting of purchasing, possessing and disposing. Design/methodology/approach – This research employed a qualitative, exploratory approach, including thematic analysis using empirical data from semi-structured interviews with ten European Millennials. Consumer resale behaviour was examined in the context of personal luxury goods. Findings – Results indicate that personal luxury goods are reluctantly disposed, but chiefly resold when given away. The motivations to resell or not to resell personal luxury items are exhibiting three types of reasoning: utilitarian, hedonic and social motivations. Based on the categorisation of resale drivers and barriers, the authors propose a conceptual model to show the individual motivations. Highly notable is the phase of possession, which has a strong influence on the decision of whether to engage in reselling or not. Originality/value – The paper discusses the relevance of each phase of the consumption cycle when studying consumer resale behaviour motivations. More, it challenges the ‘end of ownership’ approach and suggests luxury brands to consider the weight of possessing if applying such business models.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Migration is an important topic, not only for researchers in South Africa, but also for policymakers and the media. It is an issue at the top of the national and international agenda. In the debate on migration and the literature, voices of migrants themselves remain mostly unheard. The public perceptions and policy-making are often based on fear, stereotypes and common myths rather than reality. In this study, the researcher aimed to examine the socio-economic integration challenges of highly-skilled Nigerian migrants and how they may help contribute their skills towards the socioeconomic development of South Africa to potentially inform the national migration policy, as well as future research. Methodologically, the researcher conducted a mixed-method study using an interpretive paradigm. Data were derived from 22 semi-structured interviews and six in-depth interviews. The study used a combination of purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, where semi-structured and in-depth interviews, as well as observations, were also carried out. Data gathered were analysed using thematic analysis.

Forskning visar att motivation är betydelsefullt för elevers inlärningsprocess och skolresultat. Med detta som utgångspunkt är syftet med denna underesökning att undersöka vilka orsaker som finns till bristande motivation hos eleverna i samband med modersmålsundervisningen samt vad lärare kan göra för att höja elevernas motivation i deltagandet av modrsmålsundervisningen. Denna kvalitativa studie utgår från sju intervjuer. Tre intervjuer av modersmålslärare och sju intervjuer med elever i högstadiet. Ur intervjuerna med lärare och elever framkom att de faktorer som påverkade elevens motivation var klassrumsklimat, schemat, relationer till omgivningen, gruppindelning och samarbetet mellan modersmålsläraren med övriga lärare inom andra skolämne. / Research has shown that motivation is of great importance for the individual student's learning process and school results. The purpose of the degree project is to investigate the causes of lack of motivation in students who participate in mother tongue teaching and what teachers can do to stimulate this lack of motivation. In a qualitative study, a number of interviews were conducted. On the one hand, three mother tongue teachers in the subjects Arabic, Dari and Polish were interviewed, and on the other hand students from year 6 to year 9. The interviews asked questions about what perceptions students have about their mother tongue, what teachers can do about lack of motivation and what framework factors effect teachers' attitudes. To learn the mother tongue. The results showed that students lack of motivation was due to various factors, including lack of time, work environment, less inclusion of the mother tongue subject, mother tongue teachers relätionship to teachers in other school subject. The conclusion we reached showed the mother tongue subject's role in the diversity ofh the school community, by strengthening the student's identity and personality, and we found som tips on measures for lack of motivation among students and teachers for the subject's mother tongue.

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The Swedish government has set a long-term goal which implies that Sweden's electrical production should be based on one hundred percent of renewable energy until the year of 2040, which among other things include solar cells. To involve more people into this process The Swedish Energy Agency has evaluated which different investment motivations there is. They mention that the motivations for housing cooperatives and various companies with the main purpose to produce solar energy for their own use, are hard to define. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate what the different motivations for investing in solar plants, for the housing cooperatives and various companies, might be. More specifically it will focus on companies and housing cooperatives as an empiric example of actors who invest in medium sized solar plants. The main purpose of the thesis leads to two different query formulations which is what are the different motivations for housing cooperatives and companies for investing in medium sized solar plants? And what might be an obstruction for housing cooperatives and companies for investing in medium sized solar plants? This thesis contributes to further evaluation of the different motivations and the obstructions there might be by interviewing companies which have installed one or more solar plants and a survey to various companies and housing cooperatives to gather the thoughts of a possible future investor. From the interviews and survey, we got the conclusion that the most important motivations are economy, technology interest and environmental awareness. Furthermore, we got to the conclusion that the time of the payback of the investment, which is a big part of the economical motivation, might be an obstruction because of the unclear preconditions for calculating the investment. Many of the involved respondents implies that this is caused by the lack of competence from the potential investors and uncertainty of the government's incentives. / Till år 2040 har regeringen satt upp ett mål som säger att Sveriges elproduktion ska vara hundra procent baserad på förnybara källor vilket bland annat innefattar solceller. För att få fler att investera har man från Energimyndighetens sida undersökt vilka drivkrafter som finns för att investera i en solcellsanläggning. De nämner att drivkrafterna hos bostadsrättsföreningar och företag med huvudsyfte att producera solenergi för egen användning är spretiga. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utreda vilka underliggande drivkrafter företagen och bostadsrättsföreningarna har kring investering i solcellsanläggningar. Mer specifikt kommer detta arbete fokusera på företag och bostadsrättsföreningar som ett empiriskt exempel av aktörer som anlägger medelstora solcellsanläggningar. Syftet leder till två frågeformuleringar som rapporten utgår ifrån och dessa är vilka underliggande drivkrafter har företag och bostadsrättsföreningar i investering av medelstora solcellsanläggningar? Samt vilka eventuella hinder har företag och bostadsrättsföreningar i investering av medelstora solcellsanläggningar? Rapporten bidrar till att vidare undersöka drivkrafterna och eventuella hinder genom intervjuer av företag med en eller flera solcellsanläggningar installerade och en enkätundersökning till företag och bostadsrättsföreningar som eventuella framtida investerare. Dessa intervjuer och enkätfrågor har resulterat i att de största drivkrafterna verkar vara ekonomi, teknikintresse och miljömedvetenhet. Vidare tyder resultaten på att payback-tiden, som är en stor del av den ekonomiska drivkraften, kan vara ett hinder för att investera då förutsättningar för kalkylen inte är helt självklara. Många av de tillfrågade menar att det dels beror på kompetensbristen hos eventuella investerare samt otydligheter kring de politiska styrmedel som finns.

Studiens syfte är att analysera och öka förståelsen för hur svenska bostadsköpare, utöver behov och nytta, resonerar kring val av bostad utifrån ett prestige- och statusbehov med fokus på lyx. Studien har ett deduktivt synsätt med en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätstudie. Enkäten skickades ut via sociala medier vilket gör det svårt att avgöra det totala urvalet. Författarnas uppskattade bedömning på 675 612 potentiella respondenter, resulterade i 1294 enkätsvar. Därefter analyserades och redovisades datan genom nätverksanalys i statistikprogrammet JASP. Där tillämpades funktionerna: “Network plot”, “Centrality plot” och “Clustering plot” samt “Weight Matrix” som visar exakt vikt på de olika sambanden. Studien visar på ett samband mellan svenska bostadsköpares personlighetsdrag och preferenser på bostadsmarknaden. Detta då bostäder av hög kvalitet och hållbarhet samt ytligt lyxiga bostäder är viktigt för alla bostadsköpare förutom neurotiska. För bostadsköpare med personlighetsdragen Openness to Experience och Agreeableness är det dock kvinnliga bostadsköpare som värdesätter bostäder med ett lyxigt yttre. Neurotiska individer gillar däremot att imitera andras bostäder. Detta gäller dock främst neurotiska kvinnor som uppskattar och strävar efter att deras egen bostad ska efterlikna bostäder som ägs av människor de jämför sig med. Dessutom kan ett bostadsköp ske i syfte att tillfredsställa status- och prestigebehov. Detta gäller främst för män med höga värden av Agreeableness och individer med höga värden av Neuroticism, även där främst män. Denna studie kan fördjupas ytterligare genom att betrakta lyx på bostadsmarknaden utifrån ett åldersperspektiv eller en specifik stad i Sverige. Alternativt genom att fokusera på varför bostadskonsumenter tycker som de gör sett till preferenser på bostadsmarknaden. Studien bidrar till att mäklarbranschen kan använda resultaten på spekulanter och kunder som ett verktyg för att effektivisera vid behovsanalys. / The purpose of the study is to analyze and increase the understanding of how Swedish home buyers, in addition to needs and benefits, reason about choosing a home based on a prestige and status need with a focus on luxury. The study has applied a deductive approach with a quantitative method in the form of a questionnaire study. The questionnaire was sent out via social media and it is thus difficult to determine the total sample. The authors make their own assessment and of 675,612 potential respondents, 1294 answered the survey. The data were then analyzed by network analysis in the JASP statistics program. Reporting and analysis of the data took place via a network analysis. The functions were applied there: “Network plot”, “Centrality plot” and “Clustering plot” as well as “Weight Matrix” which shows the exact weight of the different relationships. The study shows a connection between Swedish home buyers' personality traits and preferences in the housing market. This is because homes of high quality and durability as well as superficially luxurious homes are important for all home buyers except neurotic ones. For home buyers with personality traits Openness to Experience and Agreeableness, however, it is female home buyers who value homes with a luxurious exterior. Neurotic individuals, on the other hand, like to imitate other people's homes. However, this mainly applies to neurotic women who appreciate and strive for their own home to imitate homes owned by people they compare themselves with. In addition, a home purchase can be made in order to satisfy status and prestige needs. This is especially true for men with high values of Agreeableness and individuals with high values of Neuroticism, even there mainly men. This study can be further deepened by looking at luxury in the housing market from an age perspective or a specific city in Sweden. Alternatively, by focusing on why home consumers think as they do in terms of preferences in the housing market. The study helps the brokerage industry to use the results on speculators and customers as a tool to streamline needs analysis.