<p>Large retirement numbers and fierce competition of available labour, results in municipalities have to be more attractive as an employer. One way for the municipalities to fulfil their staffing requirement is partly to increase their recruitment efforts, and partly to educate their existing employees. Discussions about the supply of competence are therefore pressing within municipal activity. The aim of the study was to investigate how the concept of competence is used within a municipal administration. The method that has been used is Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, a method that allows multi dimensional analysis. By illustrate which discourses that exist around the concept, it was my supposition to make visible the usage of the concept. The analysis of the studied material has resulted in four discourse’s being identified around competence: a political salaried discourse, a neoliberal discourse, a pragmatic discourse and a sociocultural discourse. Consistently competence is viewed as an important part of the activities efficiency, quality and development.</p> / <p>Stora pensionsavgångar och hård konkurrens om arbetskraften medför att kommuner måste vara mer attraktiva som arbetsgivare. Ett sätt för kommunerna att tillgodose sina personalbehov är att dels öka satsningen på rekrytering, dels att utbilda redan anställda. Diskussioner om kompetensförsörjning är därför angelägna inom kommunal verksamhet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur begreppet kompetens används inom en kommunal förvaltning. Metoden som använts är Norman Fairclough’s kritiska diskursanalys, en metod som möjliggör en flerdimensionell analys av undersökningsmaterialet.</p><p>Genom att åskådliggöra vilka diskurser som finns kring begreppet var det min förhoppning att synliggöra begreppets användande. Analysen av undersökningsmaterialet har resulterat i att fyra diskurser har identifierats kring kompetens: politisk tjänstemannadiskurs, neoliberal diskurs, pragmatisk diskurs och en sociokulturell diskurs. Genomgående ses kompetens som en viktig del för verksamhetens effektivitet, kvalitet och utveckling.</p>

Large retirement numbers and fierce competition of available labour, results in municipalities have to be more attractive as an employer. One way for the municipalities to fulfil their staffing requirement is partly to increase their recruitment efforts, and partly to educate their existing employees. Discussions about the supply of competence are therefore pressing within municipal activity. The aim of the study was to investigate how the concept of competence is used within a municipal administration. The method that has been used is Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, a method that allows multi dimensional analysis. By illustrate which discourses that exist around the concept, it was my supposition to make visible the usage of the concept. The analysis of the studied material has resulted in four discourse’s being identified around competence: a political salaried discourse, a neoliberal discourse, a pragmatic discourse and a sociocultural discourse. Consistently competence is viewed as an important part of the activities efficiency, quality and development. / Stora pensionsavgångar och hård konkurrens om arbetskraften medför att kommuner måste vara mer attraktiva som arbetsgivare. Ett sätt för kommunerna att tillgodose sina personalbehov är att dels öka satsningen på rekrytering, dels att utbilda redan anställda. Diskussioner om kompetensförsörjning är därför angelägna inom kommunal verksamhet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur begreppet kompetens används inom en kommunal förvaltning. Metoden som använts är Norman Fairclough’s kritiska diskursanalys, en metod som möjliggör en flerdimensionell analys av undersökningsmaterialet. Genom att åskådliggöra vilka diskurser som finns kring begreppet var det min förhoppning att synliggöra begreppets användande. Analysen av undersökningsmaterialet har resulterat i att fyra diskurser har identifierats kring kompetens: politisk tjänstemannadiskurs, neoliberal diskurs, pragmatisk diskurs och en sociokulturell diskurs. Genomgående ses kompetens som en viktig del för verksamhetens effektivitet, kvalitet och utveckling.

Ambitionen med studien har varit att ta fram kunskap om Stockholms stads stöd till hemmasittare i gymnasieåldern genom att undersöka hur yrkesverksamma arbetar med målgruppen och hur stödet underbyggs på kunskaper om hemmasittarproblematik. Resultatet visar att det i stort sett inte finns något stöd till unga hemmasittare i gymnasieåldern som kan uppfattas fungera utifrån målgruppens behov och att det finns behov av kunskapsutveckling och samsyn om fenomenet samt mer resurser. Stödet som finns tillgängligt inom KAA är frivilligt och har bra idéer om vad som erbjuds men kan samtidigt inte förstås vara tillgängligt för studiens målgrupp, hemmasittare som isolerar sig i hemmet. Resultatet visar att hemmasittarproblematik är ett komplext fenomen, men en heterogen grupp unga där orsakerna kan finnas på både strukturell och individuell nivå. Studiens empiri utgörs av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma som kan träffa på unga hemmasittare. / The aim of the study has been to develop knowledge about the City of Stockholm's support for home-sitting in upper secondary school age by examining how professionals work with the target group and how the support is supported on knowledge of home-sitting problems. The results show that there is virtually no support for young secondary school age home-sitting who can be perceived to work according to the needs of the target group and that there is a need for knowledge development and consensus on the phenomenon and more resources. The support available within KAA is voluntary and has good ideas about what is on offer but at the same time cannot be understood to be available to the study's target group, home-sitting who isolate themselves in the home. The results show that home-sitting problems are a complex phenomenon, but a heterogeneous group of young people where the causes can be found on both structural and individual levels. The study's empiricism consists of eight semi-structured interviews with professionals who can meet young home-sitters.

Utbildning är en viktig faktor för att bryta socialt utanförskap bland barn och unga. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur ungdomars studie- och arbetsmöjligheter påverkas av diagnosen autismspektrumstörning samt hur det kommunala aktivitetsansvaret i en utvald kommun arbetar med denna målgrupp. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med handledare inom det kommunala aktivitetsansvaret. Resultatet analyserades utifrån stämplingsteorin samt KASAM och det salutogena perspektivet. Resultatet visade att personer med autismspektrumstörning kan utsättas för uteslutning från sociala sammanhang samt mobbning till följd av avvikande beteende. Faktorer som den sociala miljön samt bristande stöd och anpassning kan leda till minskad närvaro i skolan samt till psykisk ohälsa för ungdomarna. Resultat visade även att den ökade frånvaron kan leda till att ungdomarna blir hemmasittare, vilket kan leda till socialt utanförskap. Personer med autismspektrumstörning har ett behov av fler möjligheter till anpassning samt utökad lärarkompetens gällande autismspektrumstörning. / Education is an important factor in breaking social exclusion among children and young people. The purpose of the study was to investigate how young people's study and work opportunities are affected by the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and how the municipal activity responsibility in a selected municipality works with this target group. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with mentors within the municipal activity responsibility. The result was analyzed based on the stamping theory as well as Sense of coherence (SOC) and the salutogenic perspective. The results showed that people with autism spectrum disorder can be exposed to exclusion from social contexts and bullying as a result of deviant behaviour. Factors such as the social environment as well as a lack of support and adaptation can lead to reduced attendance at school and to mental illness for the young people. Results also showed that the increased absence can lead to the young people becoming homemakers, which can lead to social exclusion. People with autism spectrum disorder have a need for more opportunities for adaptation as well as increased teacher competence regarding autism spectrum disorder.

<p>English title: Parents’ expectations of municipal school of music and of arts.</p><p>Thesis in Music Education by Jonathan Lilliedahl. Part of the work for the master´s degree. Studies from School of Music, University of Örebro, 2007. Available from School of Music, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden. Original in Swedish.</p><p>Keywords: parents’ expectations, municipal school of music and of arts, music education, childrens’ development, creative activity, parental influence, municipal activity.</p><p>The essay concerns parents’ expectations within municipal school of music and of arts. The main aim is to elucidate and understand parents’ expectations of the school and purposes about their childrens activity, and then, discuss the results towards the concept and the didactic of the school.</p><p>The method has been Grounded Theory. The results are grounded on qualitative interviews with twelve parents from different municipalities and the empirical material has been encoded into categories of various kinds.</p><p>The results, which have been encoded for a several times and on different levels, indicate that parents have different purposes to each other, but also that each parent has different purposes in various contexts. A joint comprehensive aim and expectation is that the school and their teachers should enable an all-embracing development. Underlying, there are musical targets and objectives towards music as means. The parents take both individual- and group perspectives.</p><p>The results can also illustrate that parents in many cases adapt their expectations to the existing structure of the school and that many of the parents are satisfied as long as everything works. Many of the parents consider that a municipal school should be responsible for a broad education of arts, characterized by democracy and availability.</p><p>As a conclusion it may be said, while the parents’ exceptions focus on the childs’ interest and development, the municipal school of music and of arts has even more interests to satisfy and comply with.</p>

English title: Parents’ expectations of municipal school of music and of arts. Thesis in Music Education by Jonathan Lilliedahl. Part of the work for the master´s degree. Studies from School of Music, University of Örebro, 2007. Available from School of Music, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden. Original in Swedish. Keywords: parents’ expectations, municipal school of music and of arts, music education, childrens’ development, creative activity, parental influence, municipal activity. The essay concerns parents’ expectations within municipal school of music and of arts. The main aim is to elucidate and understand parents’ expectations of the school and purposes about their childrens activity, and then, discuss the results towards the concept and the didactic of the school. The method has been Grounded Theory. The results are grounded on qualitative interviews with twelve parents from different municipalities and the empirical material has been encoded into categories of various kinds. The results, which have been encoded for a several times and on different levels, indicate that parents have different purposes to each other, but also that each parent has different purposes in various contexts. A joint comprehensive aim and expectation is that the school and their teachers should enable an all-embracing development. Underlying, there are musical targets and objectives towards music as means. The parents take both individual- and group perspectives. The results can also illustrate that parents in many cases adapt their expectations to the existing structure of the school and that many of the parents are satisfied as long as everything works. Many of the parents consider that a municipal school should be responsible for a broad education of arts, characterized by democracy and availability. As a conclusion it may be said, while the parents’ exceptions focus on the childs’ interest and development, the municipal school of music and of arts has even more interests to satisfy and comply with.