This dissertation explores how the rise of widely available digital technology impacts the way music is produced, distributed, promoted, and consumed, with a specific focus on the changing nature of the relationship between artists and audiences new technology has engendered. Through in-depth interviewing, focus group interviewing, and discourse analysis, this case study explores the contemporary artist-audience relationship. This study demonstrates that digital technology impacts the relationship by making it closer and more multidimensional. This is intensified by the fact that everyone is participating; the audience and artist actively engage each other. The omnipresence of music culture combined with the omnipresence of technology is particularly salient. Media consumers are simultaneously engaged with music through technology, and technology through music and this happens on many different levels. Taken as a whole, artist and audience's musical lives are fragmented as they occur in multiple online and offline places, at multiple times, and are continuous. They create, download, stream, listen, share, burn, and build upon content while engaging in multiple personal and social practices. And, in the process, they experience rich meaning making attached to particular life events, people, places, and times. Engagement in a music community is not just listening to music, or consuming music, but participating in a culture. The nature of contemporary music culture is best characterized by community and as such, this dissertation argues we might better think of the audience as accomplices to the artist. / Mass Media and Communication

Electronic dance music is a genre that has been long in the making. Starting with disco in the 1970s, dance culture genres evolved into house, acid house, techno, garage, 2-step, hardcore, gabba, san frandisco, electro, and many others. This paper studies the transformation of electronic sound, and the contributing/impeding factors involved. Drug use is heavily related to the creation and enjoyment of music, and features prominently in the history of dance culture. Starting with the use of acid in the 1960s and progressing to the use of acid, Quaaludes, poppers, speed in the 1970s, with MDA featured in clubs toward the end of the decade. The 1980s began the recreational use of MDMA, but not until the late 80s in UK acid parties did it become known as the party drug that it is known as today. MDMA use then spread rampantly throughout the US as the UK culture was exported and emulated. UK acid parties were the precursor to raves, which were illegal, and the backlash from the law was incredible and organized. Slowly licensing laws became more relaxed, and permits became easier to obtain, making future raves more legal, but according to ravers, less fun, ending at 2am instead of 8am, and forcing the drugs scene underground, rather than having them openly solicited. Organized crime in the UK got much worse as gangs realized the potential profits of selling drugs, and the scene forever changed because of this in the early 90s. The raves of the early 90s in New York, the Midwest, and San Francisco, were paradise in comparison. San Francisco enjoyed the most freedom, and beach raves became common. The electronic dance culture found a home in large festivals, and perhaps because of this the future of electronic music remains uncertain, especially with the casualties that have recently happened relating to ecstasy use, and complications in organizing such massive events.

Švietimo ir mokslo ministro 2002 m. gegužės 30 d. įsakymu Nr. 986 patvirtintuose Lietuvos muzikos ir meno mokyklų programiniuose reikalavimuose pradinio 1–3 klasių muzikavimo programoje nurodoma, kad vietoje iki tol dėstyto solfedžio dalyko bus dėstomas dalykas „Muzikos raštas ir kultūros pažinimas“. Šio dalyko tikslas – lavinti muzikinę klausą integruojant solfedžio, muzikos kūrinių klausymosi ir muzikos istorijos elementus. Tačiau ministerija iki šiol nėra pateikusi nei šio naujai įvesto dalyko programos, nei kokių nors rekomendacijų ko ir kaip per šio dalyko pamokas mokyti, o muzikos ir meno mokyklų mokytojai dažniausiai naudojasi savo pačių skubotai parengtomis programomis. Todėl šio magistro darbo autorė ėmėsi šį dalyką tyrinėti, siekdama išsiaiškinti dabartinę dalyko dėstymo ir pedagogų požiūrio į įvairius jo aspektus situaciją, taip pat suformuoti optimalaus dalyko turinio, pamokų sandaros bei mokymo metodų variantų modelį, pasiūlydama savo sudarytą autorinę programą. Tyrimo objektas – „Muzikos rašto ir kultūros pažinimo“ dalykas muzikos ir meno mokyklų pradiniame etape. Tyrimo tikslas – ištyrus dalyko „Muzikos raštas ir kultūros pažinimas“ dėstymo tendencijas muzikos bei meno mokyklų pradiniame etape, sukurti autorinę programą, skirtą optimizuoti šio dalyko dėstymą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) ištirti „Muzikos rašto ir kultūros pažinimo“ dalyko prioritetines kryptis pradiniame ugdymo etape ir veiksnius, turinčius įtakos jų optimizavimui; 2) ištirti mokytojų požiūrį į... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / According to the Minister’s of Education order No. 986 from the 30th of May, 2002 in the programs’ requirements for Lithuanian music and art schools for early (1–3) classes pupils the subject “Music Literacy and Music Culture Cognition” was established instead of former solfeggio subject. The goal of this subject is to develop children’s musicality while integrating solfeggio elements, listening to the music creations and the elements of music history. However the Ministry of Education has not yet presented neither the program of this new subject nor any recommendations concerning the content of lessons, that is why up to this time music and art schools teachers use there own programs which often are being prepared hastily and superficially. Therefore the author of this master work decided to investigate this subject in order to reveal the actual contemporary situation of teaching peculiarities and to research the teacher’s attitudes towards various aspects of this new subject. Moreover her aim was to create the pattern of subject content, structure of lessons and teaching methods by introducing the subject program of her original composition. The subject of the research: “Music Literacy and Music Culture Cognition” teaching in music and art schools in the contemporary stage. The aim of the research: to create the original program designed to optimize the teaching of this subject on the ground of “Music Literacy and Music Culture Cognition” subject content and teaching... [to full text]

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Debates concerning the veracity, ethics and politics of the documentary form circle endlessly around the function of those who participate in it, and the meaning attributed to their participation. Great significance is attached to the way that documentary filmmakers do or do not participate in the world they seek to represent, just as great significance is attached to those subjects whose participation extends beyond playing the part of eyewitness or expert, such that they become part of the very filmmaking process itself. This Ph.D. explores the interface between documentary practice and participatory culture by looking at how their practices, discursive fields and histories intersect, but also by looking at how participating in one might mean participating in the other. In short, the research is an examination of participatory culture through the lens of documentary practice and documentary criticism. In the process, however, this examination of participatory culture will in turn shed light on documentary thinking, especially the meaning and function of ‘the participant’ in contemporary documentary practice. A number of ways of conceiving of participation in documentary practice are discussed in this research, but one of the ideas that gives purpose to that investigation is the notion that the participant in contemporary documentary practice is someone who belongs to a participatory culture in particular. Not only does this mean that those subjects who play a part in a documentary are already informed by their engagement with a range of everyday media practices before the documentary apparatus arrives, the audience for such films are similarly informed and engaged. This audience have their own expectations about how they should be addressed by media producers in general, a fact that feeds back into their expectations about participatory approaches to documentary practice too. It is the ambition of this research to get closer to understanding the relationship between participants in the audience, in documentary and ancillary media texts, as well as behind the camera, and to think about how these relationships constitute a context for the production and reception of documentary films, but also how this context might provide a model for thinking about participatory culture itself. One way that documentary practice and participatory culture converge in this research is in the kind of participatory documentary that I call the ‘Camera Movie’, a narrow mode of documentary filmmaking that appeals directly to contemporary audiences’ desires for innovation and participation, something that is achieved in this case by giving documentary subjects control of the camera. If there is a certain inevitability about this research having to contend with the notion of the ‘participatory documentary’, the ‘participatory camera’ also emerges strongly in this context, especially as a conduit between producer and consumer. Making up the creative component of this research are two documentaries about the reality television event Band In A Bubble, and participatory media practices more broadly. The single-screen film, Hubbub , gives form to the collective intelligence and polyphonous voice of contemporary audiences who must be addressed and solicited in increasingly innovative ways. One More Like That is a split-screen, DVD-Video with alternate audio channels selected by a user who thereby chooses who listens and who speaks in the ongoing conversation between media producers and media consumers. It should be clear from the description above that my own practice does not extend to highly interactive, multi-authored or web-enabled practices, nor the distributed practices one might associate with social media and online collaboration. Mine is fundamentally a single authored, documentary video practice that seeks to analyse and represent participatory culture on screen, and for this reason the Ph.D. refrains from a sustained discussion of the kinds of collaborative practices listed above. This is not to say that such practices don’t also represent an important intersection of documentary practice and participatory culture, they simply represent a different point of intersection. Being practice-led, this research takes its procedural cues from the nature of the practice itself, and sketches parameters that are most enabling of the idea that the practice sets the terms of its own investigation.

In the past few decades people’s attitude towards music consumption has tremendously changed in China. With the constantly rising market and huge potential space, it is necessary to study the consumer behavior and explore factors that decide people’s willingness to pay in music consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate: 1) What factors may influence the Chinese consumer behavior on music and its merchandise; 2) What factors may influence the “willingness to pay” of Chinese consumer in music consumption; 3) The similarities and differences between the consumption of music product and musical merchandise in China. The authors select the qualitative method and set up two focus groups, music product group and music merchandise group, in this study. Finally, they found five dimensions (musical preference & identity, culture of music, musical loyalty & satisfaction, Chinese music consumption, willingness to pay) will interaction with each other and influence Chinese consumer behavior on music product and its merchandise.

[ES] Este trabajo tiene como propósito principal analizar desde una perspectiva sistémica, global e integradora los distintos procesos técnicos, comerciales, artístico-culturales y sociológicos que propiciaron el arraigo, desarrollo y consolidación del pianoforte y su uso en la ciudad de València durante un lapso temporal que abarca desde 1790 a 1856. Cada parte comprende cuatro áreas sincrónicas de investigación: la construcción de instrumentos (desde el comienzo de producción local en talleres hasta el establecimiento y desarrollo de fábricas); el mercado de compraventa de pianos y su tipología; el mercado de música para piano; y, por último, el uso social que tuvo el piano en València y cuál fue el repertorio utilizado. La primera analiza el proceso de especialización efectuado por carpinteros y guitarreros locales hasta adquirir conocimientos necesarios, inicialmente, para reparar y, finalmente, para construir pianos por sí mismos. Se dan a conocer las características que tuvieron los primeros talleres que se aventuraron a renovarse y se documenta a sus propietarios; también se informa sobre los primeros constructores foráneos llegados a la ciudad que, estableciendo relaciones laborales, comerciales y sociales con la manufactura local, lograron hacer avanzar ese proceso de conversión/especialización de antiguos talleres de construcción de instrumentos musicales autóctonos en las llamadas «primeras fábricas» de pianos valencianas, aparecidas en 1830c; proceso que culminó con el éxito empresarial logrado a partir de 1840 por el fabricante de pianos local Pedro Gómez y otros industriales que habían permanecido en el anonimato hasta la fecha. La segunda área comprende un estudio estadístico de los anuncios de compraventa de pianos en València y, a partir de él, un análisis de la irrupción, afianzamiento e impulso en el mercado del nuevo instrumento, su inserción en el tejido social urbano y la consecuente o coadyuvante caída en desuso de otros instrumentos como el salterio hasta el momento muy utilizado en el entorno de estamentos medio-burgueses y entre las clases pudientes cuya comercialización desapareció prácticamente entre 1790c y 1820c con la llegada del nuevo instrumento. En la segunda parte de este estudio se detallan las líneas de distribución nacional e internacional implantadas en la ciudad, la apertura de negocios exclusivos de venta de pianos locales y a los compradores/as particulares de pianos, resultado del cotejo exhaustivo de anuncios en prensa con los padrones de habitantes de València que han permitido obtener interesantes conclusiones sobre el grupo social valenciano que propició el arraigo del uso del piano en la ciudad. En tercer lugar, se procede a documentar, identificar y clasificar el repertorio literario de música específicamente pianística impresa y manuscrita para este instrumento utilizada y comercializada en València durante el segmento temporal analizado, centrándose en el ámbito secular urbano. Para ello se han estudiado anuncios locales y foráneos de compraventa de literatura musical pianística, catalogando por periodos históricos la información recabada y vinculándola a establecimientos o negocios de distribución. También se recopila información novedosa sobre los primeros almacenes destinados en exclusiva a la venta de partituras en València, se recuperan algunas de partituras originales vendidas por dichos establecimientos y se incorpora un estudio de caso sobre el Cuaderno de Música para Pianoforte (València, 1805) de Francisco Ximeno. En cuarto lugar, se aborda el uso social del instrumento durante el periodo estudiado, tanto público (conciertos, audiciones, intérpretes), como privado (enseñanza general y específica, generaciones de maestros/as y alumnos/as de piano), poniendo el foco, especialmente, en el papel de la mujer ante el piano durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX, protagonista indefectible de la difusión del instrumento y de su literatura. / [CA] Aquest treball té com a propòsit principal analitzar des d'una perspectiva sistèmica, global i integradora els diferents processos tècnics, comercials, artístic-culturals i sociològics que van propiciar l'arrelament, desenvolupament i consolidació del pianoforte i el seu ús a la ciutat de València durant un lapse temporal que abasta des de 1790 a 1856. Cada part comprén quatre àrees sincròniques d'investigació: la construcció d'instruments (des del començament de producció local en tallers fins a l'establiment i desenvolupament de fàbriques); el mercat de compravenda de pianos i la seua tipologia; el mercat de música per a piano; i, finalment, l'ús social que va tindre el piano a València i quin va ser el repertori utilitzat. La primera analitza el procés d'especialització efectuat per fusters i guitarrers locals fins a adquirir coneixements necessaris, inicialment, per a reparar i, finalment, per a construir pianos per si mateixos. Es donen a conéixer les característiques que van tindre els primers tallers que es van aventurar a renovar-se i es documenta als seus propietaris; també s'informa sobre els primers constructors forans arribats a la ciutat que, establint relacions laborals, comercials i socials amb la manufactura local, van aconseguir fer avançar aqueix procés de conversió/especialització d'antics tallers de construcció d'instruments musicals autòctons en les anomenades «primeres fàbriques» de pianos valencianes, aparegudes en 1830c; procés que va culminar amb l'èxit empresarial aconseguit a partir de 1840 pel fabricant de pianos local Pedro Gómez i altres industrials que havien romàs en l'anonimat fins hui. La segona àrea comprén un estudi estadístic dels anuncis de compravenda de pianos a València i, a partir d'ell, una anàlisi de la irrupció, fiançament i impuls en el mercat del nou instrument, la seua inserció en el teixit social urbà i la conseqüent o coadjuvant caiguda en desús d'altres instruments com el saltiri fins al moment molt utilitzat a l'entorn d'estaments mig-burgesos i entre les classes riques la comercialització de les quals va desaparéixer pràcticament entre 1790c i 1820c amb l'arribada del nou instrument. En la segona part d'aquest estudi es detallen les línies de distribució nacional i internacional implantades a la ciutat, l'obertura de negocis exclusius de venda de pianos locals i als compradors/as particulars de pianos, resultat de l'acarament exhaustiu d'anuncis en premsa amb els padrons d'habitants de València que han permés obtindre interessants conclusions sobre el grup social valencià que va propiciar l'arrelament de l'ús del piano a la ciutat. En tercer lloc, es procedeix a documentar, identificar i classificar el repertori literari de música específicament pianística impresa i manuscrita per a aquest instrument utilitzada i comercialitzada a València durant el segment temporal analitzat, centrant-se en l'àmbit secular urbà. Per a això s'han estudiat anuncis locals i forans de compravenda de literatura musical pianística, catalogant per períodes històrics la informació recaptada i vinculant-la a establiments o negocis de distribució. També es recopila informació nova sobre els primers magatzems destinats en exclusiva a la venda de partitures a València, es recuperen algunes de partitures originals venudes per aquests establiments i s'incorpora un estudi de cas sobre el Quadern de Música per a Pianoforte (València, 1805) de Francisco Ximeno. En quart lloc, s'aborda l'ús social de l'instrument durant el període estudiat, tant públic (concerts, audicions, intèrprets), com a privat (ensenyament general i específic, generacions de mestres/as i alumnes/as de piano), posant el focus, especialment, en el paper de la dona davant el piano durant la primera meitat del segle XIX, protagonista indefectible de la difusió de l'instrument i de la seua literatura. / [EN] The main purpose of this work is to analyze from a systemic, global, and integrative perspective the different technical, commercial, artistic-cultural, and sociological processes that led to the establishment, development and consolidation of the pianoforte and its use in the city of Valencia during a period of time that spans from 1790 to 1856. Each part comprises four synchronous areas of research: instrument construction (from the beginning of local production in workshops to the establishment and development of factories); the piano buying and selling market and its typology; the piano music market; and, finally, the social use that the piano had in Valencia and what was the repertoire used. The first area shows the specialization process carried out by local carpenters and guitar makers until they acquired the necessary knowledge, initially, to repair and, finally, to build pianos for themselves. The characteristics of the first workshops that ventured to renew themselves are made known and their owners are documented; It is also reported on the first foreign builders who arrived in the city who, by establishing labor, commercial and social relations with local manufacturing, managed to advance this process of conversion/specialization of old workshops for the construction of native musical instruments in the so-called 'first factories' of Valencian pianos, appearing in 1830c; process that culminated in the business success achieved from 1840 onwards by the local piano manufacturer Pedro Gómez and other industrialists who had remained anonymous to date. The second area includes a statistical study of piano sales and purchase advertisements in Valencia and, based on it, an analysis of the emergence, consolidation and momentum in the market of the new instrument, its insertion into the urban social fabric and the consequent or contributory fall into disuse of other instruments such as the psaltery until now widely used in the environment of middle-bourgeois classes and among the wealthy classes whose commercialization practically disappeared between 1790c and 1820c with the arrival of the new instrument. The second part of this study details the national and international distribution lines implemented in the city, the opening of exclusive businesses selling local pianos and to private piano buyers, the result of an exhaustive comparison of press advertisements with the registers of inhabitants of Valencia that have allowed us to obtain interesting conclusions about the Valencian social group that led to the establishment of the use of the piano in the city. Thirdly, we proceed to document, identify, and classify the literary repertoire of specifically printed and handwritten piano music for this instrument used and marketed in Valencia during the analyzed time segment, focusing on the secular urban environment. To this end, local and foreign advertisements for the purchase and sale of piano musical literature have been studied, cataloging the information collected by historical periods and linking it to distribution establishments or businesses. New information is also compiled about the first stores dedicated exclusively to the sale of sheet music in València, some of the original scores sold by these establishments are recovered and a case study on the Pianoforte Music Notebook (València, 1805) by Francisco Ximeno. Fourthly, the social use of the instrument during the period studied is addressed, both public (concerts, auditions, performers), and private (general and specific teaching, generations of piano teachers and students), focusing on, especially in the role of women at the piano during the first half of the 19th century, an unfailing protagonist in the dissemination of the instrument and its literature. / Guaita Gabaldón, JG. (2023). El piano en València (1790-1856): construcción, mercado y uso social [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/201559

The diploma thesis deals with Music education and culture and with the significant personalities in Brandýs nad Labem - Stará Boleslav. It maps the continuity between the past and the present through scanning bibliographic sources and interviews with nine significant personalities. Actual needs of Music education in the present and future such as the direction of music culture in the local region result from the findings in the practical part of the diploma thesis.

The diploma thesis deals with the Cypriot music culture and mainly focuses on piano education and piano works. The aim of this work was to introduce the main representatives of Cypriot classical music, the music life on Cyprus and the history of piano education until the present day. A part of the work is also a personal research, carried out by a questionnaire, and a didactic and interpretive insight on the fundamental instructive work Kinderlaunen of the Cypriot pianist and composer Nicolas Economou. The work is divided into six chapters, which draw information from accessible literature and mainly from a research made in this field. The six chapters could be notionally divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the music history of the island by introducing distinctive personalities of the Cypriot classical music and by mapping the music life on Cyprus. Furthermore, this part deals with the Cypriot music education system and the teaching methods in piano education. The practical part contains the analysis and results of the submitted questionnaire and the didactic and interpretive insight on the instructive piano work of the earlier mentioned Cypriot pianist and composer. Keywords: Cyprus; piano pedagogy; music culture; music education; instructive piano...

Die Geräte, durch die Musik im Zeitalter der technischen (Re-)Produktion gehört wird, haben sich immer wieder gewandelt. Solche Geräte müssen überhört werden. Nur so kann Musik gehört werden. Trotzdem – so die These der Arbeit – organisieren diese Geräte das Hören und sind Agenturen einer Bewirtschaftung und Technisierung der Wahrnehmung. In der Arbeit wird anhand von zwei Fallstudien aus der Geschichte der Rock- und Popmusik gezeigt, wie solche Geräte sowohl den Hörer als auch die gehörte Musik formieren. Durch Hörtechnologien bilden sich neue Hörpraktiken heraus und die Körperlichkeit des Hörers wird neu bestimmt. Die Anpassung von Klanggeschehen an spezifische Hörtechnologien wird im Mastering – dem letzten Schritt der technischen Musikproduktion – untersuchbar. Die Geräte, durch die Musik gehört wird, sind also weder schlichte Wiedergabetechnologien noch bloße elektrotechnische Artefakte. Vielmehr sind sie Gefüge aus Klanglichkeit, Körperlichkeit und Technologie. Diese werden in der Arbeit als Hörgeräte auf den Begriff gebracht. Die Hörgeräte der Rock- und Popmusik zielen – wie ihre medizintechnischen Verwandten – auf die Materialität der Wahrnehmung. Im Gegensatz zu diesen funktionieren sie jedoch nicht als Prothesen, die an einer gattungsweit postulierten Norm ausgerichtet sind. Statt Normen bergen sie Exzesse – an Serialität und Wiederholung – sowie Eskalationen – von Lautstärke und von hohen und tiefen Frequenzen. Die Arbeit ist in drei Kapiteln gegliedert. Im ersten Kapitel wird die These der Arbeit in Bezug auf theoretische Diskurse der Musik-, Kultur- und Medienwissenschaft verortet und eine begriffliche Systematik entwickelt. Kapitel zwei und drei sind Fallstudien gewidmet. In der ersten wird das Jukeboxhören der Rock’n’Roll-Kultur der 1950er Jahre untersucht, in der zweiten das Soundsystemhören der Disco- und Clubkultur der 1970er bis 1990er Jahre. Die im ersten Kapitel entwickelte begriffliche Systematik macht die Fallstudien vergleichbar. / The devices by which music is listened to in the age of technological (re-)production have changed over and over again. These devices must be imperceptible to the ear. Only then can music be heard. Nonetheless – this is the claim of the thesis – these devices organize hearing and are agents of a cultivation and technization of perception. Based on two case studies from the history of rock and pop music, this thesis reveals how such devices constitute not only the listener but also the music which is listened to. Through listening technologies new listening practices emerge and the corporality of the listener is newly defined. The adaptation of sound to specific listening technologies can be analysed during the mastering process, the last step in technological music production. The devices by which music is listened to are thus neither simple technologies of reproduction nor mere electrotechnical artefacts. Rather, they are assemblages of sound, corporality, and technology. In this thesis these assemblages are called “Hörgeräte” (listening devices). The listening devices of rock and pop music target – like medical-technical “Hörgeräte” (hearing aids) – the materiality of perception. Contrary to medical technologies, however, listening devices do not function as prostheses, which are calibrated according to medical industry standards. Instead, they contain excesses – of seriality and repetition – and escalations – of amplitude and high and low frequencies. The thesis is arranged in three chapters. In the first chapter I situate the main argument of the thesis within discourses of musicology, media and cultural studies, and develop my own terminology. Chapters two and three deal with case studies. In chapter two I investigate jukebox listening in 1950s rock’n’roll culture, whilst in chapter three I explore sound system listening in disco and club culture from the 1970s to the 1990s. The terminology developed in chapter one enables a comparison of the case studies.