The principles of human rights and democracy have been of great importance for a long time and for many actors globally, especially for the European Union. This paper has the purpose of examining the European Union’s bilateral development aid and its relation to the organisation's human rights and democracy promotion. The study is a case study of Myanmar in the years 2000-2017 and with particular focus on the situation for the Muslim minority Rohingya. The case is investigated through the perspective of Ian Manners’ Normative Power Europe supplemented with aspects collected from previous research, to see if it can explain the behaviour of the aid flow. The conclusions of this study were that human rights and democracy while appearing greatly central has not had any major influence on the aid from the Union to Myanmar, and neither can the idea of European normative power explain the nature of the aid allocation.

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Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka de bakomliggande faktorerna till konflikten mellan folkgruppen rohingya och majoritetsbefolkningen i Myanmar. Vidare har syftet även varit att undersöka maktrelationerna i landet och hur de har påverkat den så kallade decimeringen mot rohingya. Undersökningen har tillämpat realismen och konstruktivismen till situationen för att utreda händelserna som föregått det senaste decenniet, genom att applicera följande frågeställningar.  Vad är det för maktutövning som utövas mot rohingyerna i Myanma?  Vilka maktförhållanden på den internationella arenan påverkar rohingyernas situation? Undersökningen har visat att den obalanserade makten mellan rohingyerna och militären har resulterat i diskriminering och våld mot minoritetsgruppen. Detta sker genom att militären och makthavarna använder sig av både indirekt och direkt maktutövning för att bibehålla sin makt lika väl som rohingyernas rättigheter fortsatt begränsas. Undersökningen har också framkommit att detta sker genom stiftandet av lagar och regler som endast gynnar den burmesisk-buddhistiska folkgruppen i syfte att bibehålla obalansen.  Vidare har många år av diskriminering resulterat i att rohingyerna ligger i underläge och utanförskap då de nekas tillträde till publika sfärer, såsom skola, utbildning och sjukvård. Dem saknar även nationstillhörighet och medborgerliga rättigheter. De buddhistiska, nationalistiska och fascistiska normerna och värderingarna i landet har bidragit till denna underlåtna syn på folkgruppen trots att Myanmars regeringen har försökt demokratisera landet de senaste åren. Dock erkänner regeringen inte diskrimineringen eller etniska rensningen som pågår gentemot rohingyerna. I och med det har dem obalanserade maktrelationerna upprätthållits och därav resulterat i att rohingyerna inte kan påverka sin situation

This thesis aims to test the causal connection between internal security threats and political intervention by the military in states which have recently transitioned to democracy. In order to investigate this, a comparative case study is conducted between the recent case of Myanmar and the case of the Philippines in the 1980s with the aim of investigating how the presence of internal conflict in the two countries has impacted the level of military influence post-transition. This is investigated through a qualitative analysis of the countries’ constitutions as well as statements by political and military leaders in order to investigate how the issues of internal conflict and the role of the military are defined, perceived and portrayed. The results of the study demonstrate that differences in these areas may explain why the military in Myanmar has managed to intervene more successfully. <img src="blob:https://uu.diva-portal.org/f8bb8d04-2f8c-4176-a36d-2e9876197374" />

Can positive messaging on social media promote peacebuilding in Myanmar? It is argued that social cognitive communication campaigns reversing negative symbolic interactionism on social networks could be the answer. This paper finds that there has been only one significant campaign, MIDO’s Pan Zagar, to use positive messaging on social media. Whilst the numbers of people that engaged with it suggest that this was popular, there is not enough evidence to determine if this had any behavioural change. However, an opinion survey and interviews show that there is potential to leverage counter narratives towards building peace – especially by harnessing the popularity of the major platform Facebook to both monitor and publish content influencing people towards peaceful behaviour.

MOSEROVÁ, V. Bc.: Did food security in Cambodia-Laos-Myanmar-Vietnam countries improved after Millennial development goals?, Diploma thesis Topic of the thesis is a scrutiny of food security in the Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam countries after Millennium development goal were set. The goal is to confirm or refuse the hypothesis of the improvement of food security in CLMV countries after Millennium development goals. The goal would be examined according to the results of the analysis of the data for the period 1990 to 2015. The analysis shall be done using the composite indicator and the trend will be also analysed. The purpose is to create a suggestion that would help improve the situation in this region.

Abstract Background Childhood stunting is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries including Myanmar. There are many negative consequences of childhood stunting such as immediately during childhood and irreversible effects which can extend to adulthood. Achieving minimum dietary diversity (MDD) can improve a child’s nutrition status and it is an important indicator of child nutritional outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association between MDD and stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Myanmar. Method This study is a cross-sectional analysis of Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16). A total of 1287 children aged 6-23 months were selected as study participants. Descriptive statistics were done to present the background characteristics of the study participants. Chi-square tests were performed to find out the association between background characteristics, MDD, and stunting. Finally, logistic regressions were done to evaluate the association between minimum dietary diversity and stunting. Result Among 1,287 participants of 6-23 months children, 20.9% were stunted and 20.2% achieved minimum dietary diversity according to the WHO updated definition of MDD. After adjusting with wealth index, maternal education, and type of place of residence, the odds of stunting were reduced 30% if a child did not consume minimum dietary diversity (AOR 0.70, CI 0.50-0,97). Conclusion Both the low prevalence of minimum dietary and the high prevalence of stunting existed among children 6-23 months in Myanmar. Contrarily, the odds of stunting were reduced if the child did not meet MDD.  Keywords Myanmar, minimum dietary diversity, childhood stunting

The diploma thesis presents an overview of the extinct representatives of Blattidae, the still living cockroach family. Six already described species, belonging to three genera, have been confirmed. All of them lived during Cenozoic. Eight new morphotypes from Myanmar amber were recognized. Cenomanian Burmite with its exceptional state of preservation, allows a detailed study of the morphology of the inclusions. Six morphototypes belong to the family Blattidae. One morphotype belongs to the derived family Olidae studied herein. One female morphotype belongs to the still living family Ectobiidae, based on the presence of an attached ootheca. The work specifies the previous molecular analysis (J2-K1) and determines the divergence of Blattidae during Early Cretaceous. Any evidence and interpolations before 127Ma is not substantiated. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed Blattidae being parafyletic in respect to the family Olidae. The work emphasizes the need for changes in systematics of the Mesoblattinidae, the stem of the Blattidae. Amber is confirmed as the product of coniferous trees of the Araucariaceae family. Key words: Blattidae, taxonomy, phylogeny, Cenomanian, Myanmar amber

This study centers on the political aspects of human trafficking and sexual exploitation in Southeast Asia. Specifically, the human trafficking is a security studies concern because it is not only a social issue, but also a security threat. Just as with drug trafficking, human trafficking has security consequences. The study analyzed human trafficking issues in the following three countries in Southeast Asia: Thailand, Myanmar, and Cambodia. These three countries were chosen due to the high levels of human trafficking. In each of the chosen cases, there is an examination of human trafficking issues in terms of political structures, political policies, economy, and international aid. Findings showed that individual economic status was the most important factor in human trafficking. Regime type, although important, did not show as significant results when compared to individual economic status. However, there was a positive relationship found between international organizations and human trafficking. Recommendations were made concerning the formulation and implementation of political policies. If international organizations take action in each of the three countries, then the problem of human trafficking can decrease.