Who is the nostalgia-prone person? The 'sociality view' sees an individual who frequently recalls meaningful memories rich in social content. The 'maladaptation view' sees an emotionally unstable, neurotic individual. In four studies, we integrated these contrasting views. We hypothesized that the link between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness arises because (a) neuroticism is associated with the need to belong and (b) the need to belong triggers nostalgia, with its abundant social content. Consistent with this hypothesis, Studies 1-2 found that the correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia proneness was eliminated when controlling for the need to belong. The need to belong predicted increased nostalgia proneness, above and beyond neuroticism. Specifically, Study 2 revealed that a deficit-reduction (rather than growth) belongingness orientation predicted increased nostalgia proneness. When the role of this deficit-reduction belongingness orientation was controlled, the positive correlation between neuroticism and nostalgia disappeared. Studies 3-4 showed that experimental inductions of a belongingness deficit augmented nostalgia, providing support for its compensatory role.

The global business industry is greatly affected by revolutionised human knowledge that requires a continued understanding of human preferences, needs and wants. Motivation to innovate must be understood when marketers aim for business success. Business success is seen in customer satisfaction and employee performance. The starting point for success is the miraculous ideas of employees. These ideas can be anything from the creation of a product or service to the execution of that product or service. Exploring the factors affecting the motivation to innovate on product development may lead marketers to business success by increased profitability, a bigger customer base, and retaining motivated skilled employees with the ability to innovate. This research is based on the South African multinational retailer Woolworths, with the focus on food and design packaging. A qualitative research approach was followed where data was collected from 11 participants using semi-structured individual face-to-face in-depth interviews and structured questionnaires. This study followed a manual thematic approach in an inductive manner. The needs of the participants in this study were categorised into three sections: Need for power, need for achievement and need for affiliation. This study also introduced McClelland's extended needs, and the motive for self-expression stood out among the cohort, confirming their creative skills. With the aid of individual components, domain-relevant skills, intrinsic task motivation and creativity stimulants, the study was able to link the presence of creativity to motivation and innovation. It confirmed that once the creativity intersection combines with organisational components there is a motivational synergy that produces innovation. The results of the study further indicated that internal motivation factors had a greater impact than external factors. As per organisational components, business values were shown to have an influence on the development of a product design. Legislation policies were deemed beneficial to forced creative thinking, yet it was also regarded as a limitation that can be improved through creative flexibility. Other factors that emerged were organisational socialisation, aligned stakeholder communication, sufficient market research, and respecting the emergence of seasonal trends. Future research should explore ways of improving organisational components that act as external influences on individual creative thinking. Moreover, future research should explore how effective training can help stakeholders learn and acquire the rights needs together with the continuous support from the business.

Masters of Art / The study investigated the bookmobile library service of the City of Cape Town libraries as an information ground and the information seeking behaviour of Manenberg adult library users. The study explored the use of bookmobile services by identified information needs and information seeking behaviour of community members to identify whether the bookmobiles were able to meet them. The study underpinned the Information Grounds Theory by Pettigrew to understand how individuals visiting the mobile library seek, acquire and exchange information while waiting for the bus as well as when they are in the mobile library.

The interaction between guardians and educators around children in need of special support In this study, we have investigated how the interaction between guardians and educators work around children in need of special support. Our research questions were 1). What experiences do guardians have of the interaction with educators regarding children in need of special support, 2). What experiences do educators have of the interaction with guardians regarding children in need of special support and 3). What can the interaction between educators and guardians of children with special needs look like? In order to answer these questions, we have used qualitative interviews with three guardians and four educators. In the analysis and reflection on the interviews, we have taken support from Urie Bronfenbrenner´s ecological development model (1979), Säljö – communication as a social act (2000) and Mezirow – transformative learning and communication (1997). The main result of this study in that guardians and educators have different experiences of interactions around children in need of special support. The guardians are looking for more knowledge and care of their children´s need for special support in preschool. The educators strive for a good interaction with the guardians, and they use a variety of different approaches in order to meet the guardians around the  child´s needs.

The purpose of this study is to examine what professional social workers within the field of children and families experience the concept “good enough parent”, and how they make assessments on parental ability based on this. The term good enough is often used among social workers within the field of child protection as a form of scale in the assessment of the parental ability. The term functions as a reference to the fact that a parent does not have to achieve perfection in his or hers parenting, but being good enough is just enough to take care of a child in a favourable way. The professional social worker then must determine if the parent manage to live up to the measurement of good enough or not. The empirical material of this study is based on six qualitative, semi-structured interviews with professional social workers. Through our collected empirical material, it appears that a good enough parent should have the ability to mentalize and to enable the child to develop a secure attachment. Other than that, good enough parenting skills cannot be described based on a completed template or a checklist that the parent must fulfill in order to be considered good enough, but the meaning of a good enough parent must rather be set in relation to what the specific child needs, and how the parent is able to meet these needs. It is thus the child's need that places the bar for good enough.

Rangstrand Hjort, Sarah (2020). Students in need of sloyd? - About the sloyd subject’s abilities to meet students in need of support. (Elever i behov av slöjd? - Om slöjdämnets förutsättningar att möta elever i behov av stöd). Master’s degree in special education, 120p, Department of School Development and Leadership, Faculty of Education and Society, Malmo University. The sloyd subject offers to some extent a different way of learning compared to the more theoretical subjects. The process and the assignments in the work become more visible as it is performed working with physical material, it also engages the student since the education often is based on the student's personal ideas and expressions. The question is if sloyd as a subject has other opportunities to meet students in need of support, and if so, what could be the reasons for it? The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze how the teaching of sloyd meets students in need of support and what abilities the sloyd subject has in order to create a accessible learning environment. The questions of the study are; How do sloyd teachers, special educators and principals reason about the sloyd subject's abilities to meet students in need of support? How are the local conditions for meeting students in need of support within the sloyd subject described? Researching sloyd as a subject requires the inclusion of research in other areas, since sloyd is still a relatively unexplored field. This study contributes to deepening the understanding of the conditions of the sloyd subject from a special educational perspective. The empirical data is based on 14 semi-structured interviews with sloyd teachers, special educators and principals at five different schools. These three occupational categories have been chosen since they probably are the ones that are best suited to answer the questions of the study. The empiric data has been analyzed based on Engeström's (1987) activity theory. The result of the study shows that sloyd as a subject in some ways has specific abilities to meet students in need of support. The smaller groups create opportunities that make it easier to meet the students in the education, it also helps creating a meaningful relationship. The practical parts of the work together with the visible physical result provide a confirmation that the given assignment has been performed. From an activity theory perspective, however, a clarification of the teaching is needed in order to find strategies to meet these students together with other colleagues at the school. Course of events and mechanisms at other levels also affect the possibilities of sloyd as a subject. Partly through the internal culture at the school, where sloyd easily falls into the background and partly through the national governance that tends to reduce the sloyd’s specific abilities and opportunities. This study, to illuminate the subject of sloyd based on the abilities to meet students in need of support, could help bringing these angles together and steer them in the direction of a school context. The study also helps to show factors that both enable and hinder the sloyd subject's abilities to meet students in need of support.

The psychology of working theory (PWT) postulates that certain contextual and structural factors determine if individuals are able to obtain decent work, and that decent work, in turn, leads to work fulfilment and general well-being. The theory assumes that this is the case, as decent work satisfies three fundamental human needs: survival and power, social connection, and self-determination (as per the self-determination theory [SDT]). Only recently has a measure been developed to assess the satisfaction of these needs (Autin et al., under review), which means that the proposed role of need satisfaction as mediator in the link between decent work and work fulfilment/general well-being has not yet been tested empirically. This formed the objective of this study. The study employed a descriptive research design with a correlational approach. Working individuals residing in South Africa’s Western Cape province (N = 150) rated their work experiences on the decent work scale (DWS), work need satisfaction scale (WNSS), index of job satisfaction (IoJS) scale, and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). In this sample, adequate healthcare did not fall within the decent work concept. This might be because it is common for working South Africans, especially in lower income brackets, not to receive healthcare benefits, which would thus not be expected. The autonomy and relationship aspects of the SDT self-determination need formed one instead of two separate components. This may be a reflection of low levels of trust in low-income workers, which means that autonomy is only provided if there is a positive relationship. Decent work predicted work fulfilment and individuals’ well-being and, as expected, this relationship was mediated by the fulfilment of the hypothesised needs (survival and power, social connection, SDT relationship + autonomy, and SDT competence). The study thus indicates the applicability of the PWT in the South African context. Organisations should thus be encouraged to provide employees with decent work, as this, in turn, will likely increase employees’ work fulfilment and general wellbeing.

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that a significant relationship exists between self-concept discrepancies and expressed need for achievement. A self-concept discrepancy score was obtained and a low and high discrepancy group was isolated. Expressed need for achievement was measured by the use of the Thematic Apperception Test and scored according to the Atkinson method. Mean comparisons of need achievement scores of subjects whose discrepancies between actual and ideal self-concept were in the upper or lower one~third of the distribution were found not to be significant at the 5 percent level of confidence.

This study utilized the theories of David C. McClelland and associates regarding affective arousal, concept of cues arousing motives, and neutral testing procedures. The problem was to study the influence of color and/ or movement, as cues added to the McClelland four-picture Thematic Apperception Test, to evoke need achievement responses to determine whether or not the added stimuli of color and/or movement might evoke increased need achievement responses. Four treatment variations of the test were made: Treatment A, consisted of the standard McClelland test, in black and white pictures. This treatment served as the control. Treatment B used the black and white pictures, but with movement added to the standard test. Treatment C added color to the pictures, but no movement. Treatment D added both color and movement to the test. A special effects apparatus was used to create the color and/or movement added to the pictures. The treatment variations of the four pictures were recorded on motion picture film in order to standardize the experimental procedures of the study. A sample of 120 male college students was tested, and subdivided into groups of 30 subjects each. Each group of 30 students saw only one of the four treatment variations. The testing was accomplished by projecting the filmed, four-picture McClelland test, with each of the four pictures being shown for 20 seconds. After each picture was shown, five minutes were allowed for the subjects to write a story about the picture. The stories were scored for need achievement by the McClelland and associates (1953) scoring system C. Statistical comparisons were made among the three experimental groups (Treatment B, C, D), as compared with the control group (Treatment A) in terms of the subject's mean scores in need achievement. No significant differences were found in any of the statistical comparisons. It was, therefore, concluded that the study subjects did not respond to the addition of color and/or movement as significant cues related to achievement motivation.

The findings of this study indicated, contrary to expectations, that irrigation farmers who expressed needs for water did not engage in certain types of goal-oriented behavior designed to resolve those needs any more so than did those who did not express these needs. There were four measures of goal-orientation which included: Attendance at meetings about the Bear River Project, actively seeking information about said Project and positive attitude toward development of the Bear River. There were significant relationships, however, between expressed water needs and worries over the water supply, the experiencing of human problems related to water use and perceived threats associated with the possibility of losing water. It was discovered that the farmers' belief that surplus water exists in the Bear River was a major factor associated with both their attitude toward development of the Bear River and their perception of benefits of the Project. This would suggest that farmers perceive that development must first be possible by the existence of reserve water in the Bear River. An incidental yet important finding of the study was that a good portion of the farmers who favored some kind of development felt that the Project as planned would be a hindrance to the water situation in their areas.