Orientador: Claudia Zavaglia / Banca: Waldenice Moreira Cano / Banca: Claudia Maria Xatara / Resumo: O presente trabalho se propôs a estudar e apresentar alguns neologismos veiculados na mídia por meio do colunista do jornal Folha de São Paulo, José Simão. Inicialmente, apresentamos uma explanação teórica sobre o estudo do léxico, além da sua ampliação e utilização na língua escrita, sob as perspectivas teóricas de Alves (1994), Barbosa (1981) e Biderman (2001), entre outros. Coletamos e organizamos os textos jornalísticos do caderno Ilustrada, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2003, perfazendo um total de 289 seções de artigos em formato word, que resultaram em aproximadamente 300 neologismos. Essa base lingüística foi armazenada no programa computacional Folio Views® 4.1, gerando assim, o corpus de nossa pesquisa, a partir do qual resgatamos e apresentamos o contexto, a ocorrência de itens lexicais, como por exemplo, lulanês, que se trata de um neologismo sintático formado por derivação sufixal e faz parte da linguagem empregada pelo atual presidente da república do Brasil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Essas novas criações lexicais foram classificadas em campos semânticos, a saber: televisão, política e cotidiano. Oferecemos, além disso, uma apresentação, por meio de gráficos, dos recursos neológicos mais utilizados por José Simão, com o intuito de observamos a vivacidade do processo de criação neológica que esse escritor exibe em seus textos. / Abstract: The following work proposed to study and show some neologisms presented in the communication system by a columnist of Folha de São Paulo newspaper, José Simão. First, we showed a theoretical explanation about lexical studies beyond its application and use in the written language, using the perspectives theoricals of Alves (1994), Barbosa (1981) and Biderman (2001), etc. We collected and organized the journalistic texts of the Ilustrada paper, from this columnist, in the period of January to December of 2003, totaling 289 sections of articles in the word format, ending in approximately 300 neologisms. This linguistic base was kept in a computer program called folio views® 4.1. giving the corpus of our survey, and then we took back and showed the context, the occurrence and we classificated the lexical items, as for example, the neologism lulanês, which is a syntactic neologism formed by suffixal derivation and makes part of the spoken language used by our actual republic president of Brazil, Luis Inácio da Silva. These new lexical creations were classificated in semantic fields like: television, politics, and everyday. We proposed, moreover, a presentation by graphics of the neologics resources more used by José Simão which were more used to verify the vivacity of the neological processes that he presented in his texts. / Mestre

The aim of the diploma thesis New French loanwords in the Czech language is to prove that in certain fields French is still significant source of enriching Czech vocabulary. As the main research method has been used the excerption of the neological material which is assembled in the electronic database Neomat. The first chapter of theoretical part is devoted to the neology and neologisms. Focus is given to the Czech and foreign approaches as well on how to define and classify neologisms. Next chapter deals with terminological specification of the borrowings, their classification and adaptation- integrating procedures via which are loanwords incorporated into the given language. In the practical part the borrowings are firstly characterized; the characterization is based on the communication field in which the loanwords occur. Than follows alphabetically ordered dictionary that incorporates 182 new French loanwords, it describes their meanings and determine morphological and word class characteristics. The majority of the new Gallicisms the Czech language are nouns and adjectives and they originates from the fields of gastronomy, oenology, art and fashion. However, some borrowed verbs and adverbs can be found in the researched material as well. The outcomes of the research suggest that language...

Dans la présente étude, nous proposons une méthode pour observer les changements lexicaux (néologie et nécrologie) en anglais dans le domaine de l’informatique en diachronie courte. Comme l’informatique évolue rapidement, nous croyons qu’une approche en diachronie courte (sur une période de 10 ans) se prête bien à l’étude de la terminologie de ce domaine. Pour ce faire, nous avons construit un corpus anglais constitué d’articles de revues d’informatique grand public, PC Magazine et PC World, couvrant les années 2001 à 2010. Le corpus a été divisé en deux sous-corpus : 2001-2005 et 2006-2010. Nous avons choisi l'année 2006 comme pivot, car c’est depuis cette année-là que Facebook (le réseau social le plus populaire) est ouvert au public, et nous croyions que cela donnerait lieu à des changements rapides dans la terminologie de l’informatique. Pour chacune des deux revues, nous avons sélectionné un numéro par année de 2001 à 2010, pour un total d’environ 540 000 mots pour le sous-corpus de 2001 à 2005 et environ 390 000 mots pour le sous-corpus de 2006 à 2010. Chaque sous-corpus a été soumis à l’extracteur de termes TermoStat pour en extraire les candidats-termes nominaux, verbaux et adjectivaux. Nous avons procédé à trois groupes d’expérimentations, selon le corpus de référence utilisé. Dans le premier groupe d’expérimentations (Exp1), nous avons comparé chaque sous-corpus au corpus de référence par défaut de TermoStat pour l’anglais, un extrait du British National Corpus (BNC). Dans le deuxième groupe d’expérimentations (Exp2), nous avons comparé chacun des sous-corpus à l’ensemble du corpus informatique que nous avons créé. Dans le troisième groupe d’expérimentations (Exp3), nous avons comparé chacun des sous-corpus entre eux. Après avoir nettoyé les listes de candidats-termes ainsi obtenues pour ne retenir que les termes du domaine de l’informatique, et généré des données sur la variation de la fréquence et de la spécificité relative des termes entre les sous-corpus, nous avons procédé à la validation de la nouveauté et de l’obsolescence des premiers termes de chaque liste pour déterminer si la méthode proposée fonctionne mieux avec un type de changement lexical (nouveauté ou obsolescence), une partie du discours (termes nominaux, termes verbaux et termes adjectivaux) ou un groupe d’expérimentations. Les résultats de la validation montrent que la méthode semble mieux convenir à l’extraction des néologismes qu’à l’extraction des nécrologismes. De plus, nous avons obtenu de meilleurs résultats pour les termes nominaux et adjectivaux que pour les termes verbaux. Enfin, nous avons obtenu beaucoup plus de résultats avec l’Exp1 qu’avec l’Exp2 et l’Exp3. / In this study, we propose a method to observe lexical changes (neology and necrology) in English in the field of computer science in short-period diachrony. Since computer science evolves quickly, we believe that a short-period diachronic approach (over a period of 10 years) lends itself to studying the terminology of that field. For this purpose, we built a corpus in English with articles taken from computer science magazines for the general public, PC Magazine and PC World, covering the years 2001 to 2010. The corpus was divided into two subcorpora: 2001-2005 and 2006-2010. We chose year 2006 as a pivot, because Facebook (the most popular social network) has been open to the public since that year, and we believed that would cause quick changes in computer science terminology. For each of the magazines, we selected one issue per year from 2001 to 2010, for a total of about 540,000 words for the 2001-2005 subcorpus and about 390,000 words for the 2006-2010 subcorpus. Each subcorpus was submitted to term extractor TermoStat to extract nominal, verbal and adjectival term candidates. We proceeded to three experiment groups, according to the reference corpus used. In the first experiment group (Exp1), we compared each subcorpus to the default reference corpus in TermoStat for English, a British National Corpus (BNC) extract. In the second experiment group (Exp2), we compared each subcorpus to the whole computer science corpus we created. In the third experiment group (Exp3), we compared the two subcorpora with each other. After cleaning up the term candidates lists thus obtained to retain only the terms in the field of computer science, and generating data about relative frequency and relative specificity of the terms between subcorpora, we proceeded to the validation of novelty and obsolescence of the first terms of each list to determine whether the proposed method works better with a particular type of lexical change (novelty or obsolescence), part of speech (nominal, verbal or adjectival term), or experiment group. The validation results show that the method seems to work better with neology extraction than with necrology extraction. Also, we had better results with nominal and adjectival terms than with verbal terms. Finally, we had much more results with Exp1 than with Exp2 and Exp3.

Cette thèse vise à élucider les mécanismes du changement sémantique en diachronie courte (ou micro-diachronie) dans des corpus. Pour comprendre, analyser et modéliser la dynamique de ces changements et poser les jalons d’un traitement dynamique du langage, le corpus est segmenté en une série de périodes temporelles d’un mois. Ce travail utilise le modèle ACOM (de H. Ji), qui s’inscrit dans le paradigme des Atlas Sémantiques, un modèle géométrique de représentation du sens basé sur l’analyse factorielle des correspondances et la notion de cliques. Les questions de traitement statistique du langage et du sens, de modélisation et de représentation sont traitées conjointement aux questions d’ordre linguistique, psychologique, et sociologique, dans la perspective d’une analyse multidisciplinaire unifiée, telle que conçue par les sciences cognitives. Une démarche de détection et d’analyse du changement sémantique est proposée, accompagnée d’études de cas qui portent à la fois sur de la détection large et sur des détails précis, proposant différent niveaux de granularité. Le changement sémantique est traité comme un déploiement de la polysémie d’une part, et comme une conséquence des modes de communication liés aux médias actuels et à la diffusion de ceux-ci. Linguistique, sociologie et sciences de l’information se rencontrent dans l’étude de la fabrique de sens nouveaux et de mots nouveaux. L’analyse des réseaux sémantiques des termes étudiés montre la réorganisation constante des sens dans le temps et en capture quelques aspects fondamentaux. Les études de cas portent notamment sur le terme « malbouffe », sur le changement sémantique de l’élément de composition « bio- » et sur le glissement de sens observé pour le terme « mondialisation » par rapport à son quasi-synonyme « globalisation ». Un prototype informatique a été développé pour permettre le traitement de ces études et d’études futures. / This doctoral thesis aims at elucidating the mechanisms of semantic change in short diachrony (or micro-diachrony) in corpus. To understand, analyze and model the dynamics of these changes and lay the groundwork for dynamic language processing, the corpus is divided in a series of time periods of one month. This work uses H. Ji’s ACOM model, which is an extension of the Semantic Atlas, both of which are geometrical models of meaning representation based on correspondence factor analysis and the notion of cliques. Language and meaning statistical processing issues as well as modeling and representation issues are dealt with in conjunction with linguistic, psychological and sociological aspects from a holistic multidisciplinary perspective, as conceived by cognitive sciences. An approach of detection and analysis of semantic change is proposed along with case studies which deal both with large scale and precise detailed phenomena, therefore offering several levels of granularity. On the one hand, semantic change is dealt with as the deployment of polysemy in time, and on the other hand as a consequence of communication methods related to the media and the diffusion of such methods. Linguistics, sociology and information sciences all contribute to the study of the making of new meanings and new words. The analysis of the semantic networks of the studied items show the constant reorganization of meanings in time, and captures a few fundamental aspects of this process. The case studies focus primarily on the French term malbouffe (“junk food”), and on the semantic change of the element of composition bio-, as well as on the connotational drift of the French term mondialisation compared to its near-synonym globalisation (“globalization”). A prototype has been developed for these case studies as well as future studies.

Ce travail replace la vie et la pensée d’un maître de conférences de l’université de Leipzig dans le contexte de son temps. Il retrace le parcours d’un orphelin pauvre, né à Eisleben comme son héros Martin Luther. Bénéficiaire de nombreux soutiens, il devint un lettré dont l’ambition fut une carrière universitaire, mais qui devint finalement pasteur de la principale des paroisses luthériennes germanophones de Londres, sans pour autant perdre de vue sa Saxe natale, ni l’ensemble du continent. Piétiste convaincu qu’il fallait lire Luther sous cet éclairage, Burckhardt vit dans Wesley et sa religion du cœur la continuation de ce qu’eut souhaité le Réformateur. Notre travail s’appuie sur un corpus documentaire rassemblant la totalité de ce qui sortit de sa plume, et analyse ces sources en relation avec les réactions qu’elles suscitèrent dans son entourage. En un temps marqué par la violence guerrière, notamment la Révolution française et les diverses remises en cause du passé, Burckhardt apparaît comme exemplaire du sort et des combats intérieurs des innombrables ecclésiastiques de son temps, obligés de se positionner au risque d’entrer dans des polémiques. Habité par le désir de voir la chrétienté se réveiller, il devint une passerelle entre le réveil anglo- saxon et celui du continent européen. L’œuvre de celui qui était aussi historien à ses heures permet de redécouvrir la fin d’un siècle tel qu’il le percevait. / Placing the life and thought of a former teacher at the university of Leipzig in the context of his time, this study develops the career of a poor orphan, born in Eisleben like his hero Martin Luther. Having been socially helped in various ways, he became a scholar whose ambition was to make a professional career at his Saxon university. His way brought him finally to London, where he became the pastor of the main of the local German-speaking Lutheran parishes. Keeping in touch with the continent, Burckhardt read Luther in the light of his Pietism and made the acquaintance of Wesley. He saw in his pietistic religion of the heart the continuation in Great-Britain of what he wished for his Lutheranism. Our study explores his writings as well as the numerous reactions to which they lead in the environment of the author and in the press. In his time marked by many wars between the nations, and by a deep questioning of the past, Burckhardt appears to have been exemplary for the lot of the most of his colleagues, obliged to take position at the risk to be involved in polemics. Wishing to see a renewed Christianity, he accepted the official role of being a link between the British revival and that of the European continent. The writings of the Historian that he has been occasionally carry the image of how Burckhardt saw the end of his century.

Este estudo explora a relação existente entre léxico e cultura por meio da análise em campos léxicos de neologismos verificados na língua portuguesa falada por bilíngües português-fala dialetal italiana (RCI-RS). Os dados foram extraídos de 24 entrevistas sociolingüísticas do BDSer realizadas na zona rural de Caxias do Sul, mais especificamente nas comunidades de Bevilácqua, São Braz e Santo Homobom. Foram considerados 42 neologismos por empréstimo - segundo conjugação da classificação proposta por Haugen (1972) e por Guilbert (1975) - ocorridos em unidades lexicais simples. Para estabelecer a relação entre práticas culturais e ampliação lexical os dados foram estruturados em campos léxicos, conforme Biderman (1981), integrados no formato de rede. Essa estruturação exigiu a realização de estudo etnográfico para que se identificasse o quadro de práticas sociais de que faz parte o emprego das unidades, justificando, dessa forma, a organização dos campos léxicos. Após a realização do estudo etnográfico, os dados foram divididos em duas redes semânticas representativas do equipamento cultural básico da comunidade de Bevilácqua. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-13T19:39:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Janaina R Alberti.pdf: 792605 bytes, checksum: 78ef03445e72ebed4b375e6c91fdd4d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-13T19:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Janaina R Alberti.pdf: 792605 bytes, checksum: 78ef03445e72ebed4b375e6c91fdd4d4 (MD5) / The present study explores the relation between lexis and culture through the analysis of neologisms by borrowing (Haugen, 1972; Guilbert, 1975) in lexical fields. The neologisms are verified in Portuguese in the speech of Italian descendants who live in a rural area of Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil. The data were collected from 24 sociolinguistic interviews of the BDSer corpus (UCS - DELE - Mestrado em Letras e Cultura Regional). The 42 units which were analyzed are borrowings from Italian dialects still spoken in the area. To establish the relation between cultural practices and lexical innovation, the data are structured in lexical fields which are, in turn, integrated in a network format, according to Biderman (1981). The research implied an ethnographical study in order to make possible the identification of social practices associated to the use of the units, justifying, thus, the organization of the lexical fields. The data were divided into two semantic networks which represent the basic cultural equipment of Bevilácqua, one of the studied communities.

De nombreux travaux ont décrit et analysé le phénomène néologique, ses domaines d’adoption et ses occurrences dans le discours. La néologie satirique, est, elle, relativement peu explorée. À travers un corpus constitué d’écrits de presse humoristiques portant sur la vie politique française et allemande et provenant des journaux satiriques Le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel, l’étude dégage dans un premier temps les procédés morphologiques de l’innovation lexicale : la dérivation, la composition, les mots-valises, l’abréviation, la conversion, l’emprunt. Le travail explore ensuite les stratégies qui caractérisent cette pratique de la néologie satirique, ainsi que ses divers effets sémantiques et pragmatiques recherchés dans les créations lexicales. Cela nous a permis de faire une analyse contrastive entre textes satiriques français et allemands par les diverses manifestations dicursives des néologismes. / Many studies have been made of the neologistic phenomenon, both in terms of the contexts in which it is used and of how it integrates into discourse. The satirical neology is less well documented. By using a corpus made up of press cartoons in the political French and German satirical magazines Le Canard enchaîné et Eulenspiegel, the study first posits the morphological devices of the lexical innovation : derivation, composition, portmanteau-words, abbreviation, conversion, loan. This work then explores the strategies which characterise the use of the satirical neology as well as the semantic and pragmatic effects aimed in the lexical creations. This allowed us to make a contrastive analysis between satirical French and German texts by the various discursive uses of neologisms.

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif de décrire la situation actuelle de la langue iaai (langue océanienne, famille austronésienne) et de proposer une analyse de ses dynamismes d’évolution. En tant que langue kanak minoritaire de Nouvelle-Calédonie, inscrite dans un contexte de contact de langues intense avec le français, le iaai connait des changements importants tant linguistiques que sociolinguistiques. Cette thèse adopte un angle d’approche à la fois double et complémentaire. D’une part, il est question de proposer une évaluation de la vitalité sociolinguistique du iaai aujourd’hui en croisant différents facteurs relevant du contexte social et ethnolinguistique dont la variété des profils de locuteurs typiques des langues en danger. D’autre part, l’analyse porte sur les évolutions au sein même du fonctionnement du iaai en abordant trois thèmes particulièrement intéressants de cette langue : (i) les changements dans le système des classificateurs possessifs ; (ii) les stratégies de néologie et de modernisation du lexique ; (iii) le cas particulier des emprunts de verbes. L’étude de ces changements s’appuie les travaux de description du iaai de la linguiste Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre (1976, 1984) auxquels sont comparés des données modernes collectées lors de trois enquêtes de terrain menées à Ouvéa depuis 2009, ainsi que grâce à une collaboration soutenue avec une informatrice, locutrice native, à Lyon. Au final, ce travail de recherche met en exergue l’entrelacement de différentes dynamiques entre modernisation, obsolescence et résilience linguistique en iaai. / This PhD thesis describes the current situation of Iaai (an Oceanic language from the Austronesian family) and provides an analysis of its dynamics. As a minority Kanak language of New Caledonia, engaged in a process of intense contact with French, Iaai is experiencing significant changes both on a linguistic and sociolinguistic aspect. This thesis adopts an approach that is both dual and complementary. On the one hand, it offers an evaluation of modern Iaai’s sociolinguistic vitality, crossing different factors from the social and ethno-linguistic context together with the high variety of speakers, typical of endangered languages. On the other hand, the analysis focuses on language change by addressing three particularly interesting themes in Iaai: (i) evolution in the system of possessive classifiers; (ii) strategies of neology and of modernization of the lexicon; (iii) the particular case of verbal borrowings. The study of these changes is based on the linguistic description of Iaai made by Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre (1976, 1984) which is compared with modern data collected during three fieldworks conducted in Ouvea since 2009, as well as through sustained collaboration with a native speaker informant in Lyon. Finally, this research highlights the intertwining of different dynamics in Iaai between modernization, obsolescence and linguistic resilience.

Este estudo explora a relação existente entre léxico e cultura por meio da análise em campos léxicos de neologismos verificados na língua portuguesa falada por bilíngües português-fala dialetal italiana (RCI-RS). Os dados foram extraídos de 24 entrevistas sociolingüísticas do BDSer realizadas na zona rural de Caxias do Sul, mais especificamente nas comunidades de Bevilácqua, São Braz e Santo Homobom. Foram considerados 42 neologismos por empréstimo - segundo conjugação da classificação proposta por Haugen (1972) e por Guilbert (1975) - ocorridos em unidades lexicais simples. Para estabelecer a relação entre práticas culturais e ampliação lexical os dados foram estruturados em campos léxicos, conforme Biderman (1981), integrados no formato de rede. Essa estruturação exigiu a realização de estudo etnográfico para que se identificasse o quadro de práticas sociais de que faz parte o emprego das unidades, justificando, dessa forma, a organização dos campos léxicos. Após a realização do estudo etnográfico, os dados foram divididos em duas redes semânticas representativas do equipamento cultural básico da comunidade de Bevilácqua. / The present study explores the relation between lexis and culture through the analysis of neologisms by borrowing (Haugen, 1972; Guilbert, 1975) in lexical fields. The neologisms are verified in Portuguese in the speech of Italian descendants who live in a rural area of Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil. The data were collected from 24 sociolinguistic interviews of the BDSer corpus (UCS - DELE - Mestrado em Letras e Cultura Regional). The 42 units which were analyzed are borrowings from Italian dialects still spoken in the area. To establish the relation between cultural practices and lexical innovation, the data are structured in lexical fields which are, in turn, integrated in a network format, according to Biderman (1981). The research implied an ethnographical study in order to make possible the identification of social practices associated to the use of the units, justifying, thus, the organization of the lexical fields. The data were divided into two semantic networks which represent the basic cultural equipment of Bevilácqua, one of the studied communities.

This master thesis is dealing with the preference of certain categorical structures (VN compounds, nominal syntagmas N de N, N à N and their English equivalent) to denotate a new referent. Its aim is to describe current trends of denominative instrumental neology. The thesis is dividend into two parts: teoretical and practical. Theoretical part provides a brief characteristics of the concerned fields: neology, neologism, compounding, nominal syntagmas and productivity. Practical part includes survey and compares its results with corpus analyses and data obtained from Google browser.