Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-11T17:13:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoCostaNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 13162279 bytes, checksum: 29adac7972f3d85035eb3c3d51febbdb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-14T21:07:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoCostaNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 13162279 bytes, checksum: 29adac7972f3d85035eb3c3d51febbdb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T21:07:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoCostaNeto_DISSERT.pdf: 13162279 bytes, checksum: 29adac7972f3d85035eb3c3d51febbdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Dentre os cistos odontog?nicos comumente encontrados na pr?tica cl?nica odontol?gica, os cistos radiculares (CRs) e os cistos dent?geros (CDs) representam conjuntamente os mais frequentes cistos dos ossos gn?ticos. Os cistos odontog?nicos possuem origem inflamat?ria ou de desenvolvimento. No entanto, altera??es inflamat?rias secund?rias podem ser vistas nos ?ltimos. Alguns estudos t?m identificado os mast?citos nessas les?es c?sticas e sua poss?vel rela??o com a angiog?nese. Nesta perspectiva, a presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar e comparar a express?o imunoistoqu?mica do CD34 e da triptase em CDs inflamados e CRs e verificar se os mast?citos influenciam na angiog?nese destas les?es. Para tanto, foram selecionados 20 casos de CDs inflamados e 20 casos de CRs para serem submetidos ? an?lise morfol?gica e imunoistoqu?mica. A imunomarca??o de cada caso foi avaliada de forma quantitativa. Ap?s a identifica??o das ?reas de maior imunorreatividade, foram analisadas a densidade microvascular (DMV), a ?rea microvascular (AMV) e o per?metro microvascular (PMV) mensurados atrav?s da imunoexpress?o do CD34 e a densidade dos mast?citos (DMC) mensurada por meio da imunoexpress?o da triptase, realizadas nas mesmas ?reas dos consecutivos campos representativos de cada caso. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada atrav?s dos testes de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher e Correla??o de Spearman (r), com n?vel de signific?ncia estabelecido em 5% (p < 0,05). Os resultados demonstram diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre as les?es c?sticas supracitadas em rela??o ? avalia??o da DMC (p < 0,001). Al?m disso, a an?lise da DMV revelou diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre as les?es c?sticas (p = 0,007) e tamb?m no que se refere ? intensidade do infiltrado inflamat?rio (p = 0,021). Por fim, observou-se nos casos de CDs inflamados, moderada correla??o positiva entre a DMC e a AMV (r = 0,660; p = 0,002), assim como moderada correla??o positiva entre a DMC e o PMV (r = 0,634; p = 0,003). Face ao exposto, pode-se concluir que os mast?citos participam em diferentes etapas da angiog?nese associada ? inflama??o dos CRs e CDs.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-11T17:13:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoPorpinoMafra_DISSERT.pdf: 2938922 bytes, checksum: c44070e8d06f2305cff5199e620a1c1c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-15T20:45:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoPorpinoMafra_DISSERT.pdf: 2938922 bytes, checksum: c44070e8d06f2305cff5199e620a1c1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T20:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoPorpinoMafra_DISSERT.pdf: 2938922 bytes, checksum: c44070e8d06f2305cff5199e620a1c1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / O carcinoma epiderm?ide de l?ngua oral (CELO) apresenta um comportamento biol?gico agressivo, com elevada propens?o ao desenvolvimento de met?stases nodais. Nesse contexto, a linfangiog?nese ? considerada um fen?meno importante para a dissemina??o das c?lulas tumorais e pode sofrer influ?ncia de est?mulos do microambiente. Os mast?citos t?m sido relacionados ? progress?o de neoplasias malignas, no entanto o seu papel na forma??o de vasos linf?ticos ainda n?o est? bem estabelecido. O prop?sito desta pesquisa foi avaliar poss?veis correla??es entre a densidade linf?tica, a contagem de mast?citos e o perfil clinicopatol?gico em casos de CELO, incluindo o estadiamento cl?nico TNM, a grada??o histol?gica de malignidade (Bryne, 1998) e a presen?a/aus?ncia de met?stases nodais. A amostra foi constitu?da por 50 casos de CELO, dos quais 26 apresentavam met?stase nodal, e os 24 restantes eram isentos de met?stases. A densidade linf?tica foi estabelecida como a m?dia de vasos linf?ticos imunomarcados pelo anticorpo anti-podoplanina (D2-40), identificados em cinco campos microsc?picos (200x). Para a an?lise dos mast?citos, foram quantificadas as c?lulas imunorreativas ao anticorpo anti-triptase, em cinco campos (400x). Destaca-se que ambas as imunomarca??es foram analisadas no centro tumoral e no front de invas?o. A densidade linf?tica intratumoral (DLI) foi superior nos casos em est?gios cl?nicos avan?ados (III-IV), quando comparados ?queles em est?gios iniciais (I-II), assim como nos casos metast?ticos em rela??o aos n?o-metast?ticos (p<0,05). N?o houve diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre os casos de baixo grau e alto grau de malignidade no tocante ? DLI (p>0,05). De outro modo, a densidade linf?tica peritumoral (DLP) e as contagens de mast?citos n?o demonstraram rela??es significativas com nenhum dos par?metros clinicopatol?gicos avaliados (p>0,05). Tamb?m n?o foram encontradas correla??es significativas entre as densidades linf?ticas e as contagens de mast?citos, seja na regi?o intratumoral (r = -0,004; p=0,977) ou na peritumoral (r = -0,154; p=0,285). Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que os vasos linf?ticos intratumorais contribuem na progress?o do CELO. Por sua vez, a DLP pode n?o ser suficiente para justificar diferen?as no comportamento biol?gico do CELO, o que sustenta a hip?tese de envolvimento de outros mecanismos na dissemina??o metast?tica das c?lulas malignas, que complementariam os efeitos da linfangiog?nese. Os mast?citos, ainda que realizem diversas fun??es pr?- e antitumorais, parecem n?o influenciar diretamente o potencial de agressividade do CELO. Adicionalmente, ? poss?vel que a quantidade destas c?lulas n?o seja um fator determinante para a forma??o de vasos linf?ticos. / Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has an aggressive biological behavior, with a high propensity for the development of lymph node metastases. In this context, lymphangiogenesis is considered an important phenomenon for the spread of tumor cells and may be influenced by microenvironmental stimuli. Mast cells have been implicated in tumor progression, although their influence in the formation of lymphatic vessels is not well established. The aim of this study was to analyze, in a case series of OTSCC (n=50), possible correlations between lymphatic vessel density (LVD), mast cell count and clinicopathological features, including tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, histological grade of malignancy (Bryne, 1998), and nodal metastasis. LVD was established as the mean number of lymphatic vessels immunostained by anti-podoplanin (D2-40) antibody, identified in five microscopic fields (200x). For the analysis of mast cells, tryptase-immunoreactive cells were quantified in five fields (400x). Both immunostainings were analyzed in the tumor center and invasion front. Intratumoral lymphatic density (ILD) was higher in cases in advanced clinical stages (III-IV), compared to those in initial stages (I-II), as well as in metastatic cases in respect of non-metastatic (p<0,05). There were no statistically significant differences between low-grade and high-grade malignancy cases with respect to ILD (p>0,05). Peritumoral lymphatic density (PLD) and mast cell counts showed no significant relations with any of the clinicopathological parameters evaluated (p>0,05). Also there were no significant correlations between LVD and mast cell counts, whether in intratumoral (r = -0,004; p=0,977) or peritumoral region (r = -0,154; p=0,285). The results of the present study suggest that intratumoral lymphatic vessels may contribute in part to the progression of OTSCC, although PLD may be insufficient to justify differences in biological behavior. This supports the hypothesis of involvement of other mechanisms in metastatic spread of malignant cells, which could complement the effects of lymphangiogenesis. Although mast cells perform several pro- and antitumoral functions, they do not appear to directly influence aggressiveness of OTSCC. In addition, the quantity of these cells may not be essential for lymphatic vessel formation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunaAA_TESE.pdf: 3866204 bytes, checksum: 7934d035171f609056bc3ea2c84219b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-16 / Periodontal disease is an infection initiated by oral periodontal pathogens that trigger an immune response culminating in tissue destruction. This destruction is mediated by the host by inducing the production and activation of lytic enzymes, cytokines and the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of factors involved in bone resorption, RANKL (Ligand Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B), OPG (Osteoprotegerin) and TNF-&#945; (tumor necrosis factor alpha) between the gingival healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis and correlate them with clinical parameters. The sample consisted of 83 cases and 12 clinically healthy gums, 42 gingivitis and 29 periodontitis, from 74 adolescent and adult patients with a mean age of 35 years, without systemic changes and non-smokers, predominantly female and race brown. There was no statistically significant difference for the expression of anti-RANKL (p = 0.581) and RANKL / OPG ratio (p = 0.334) when comparing the three conditions, but the anti-OPG and anti-TNF-&#945; showed statistically significant between the types of injury (p = 0.001 and p <0.001, respectively), showing greatest expression in periodontitis. In cases of periodontitis, the variable clinical attachment loss (PIC) was statistically significant and positive correlation, respectively, with immunostaining of anti-RANKL (p = 0.002, p = 0.001 and r = 0.642), anti-OPG (p = 0.018, p = 0.014 and r = 0.451), anti-TNF-&#945; (p = 0.032, p = 0.014 and r = 0.453) and the percentage ratio of RANKL / OPG (p = 0.018, p = 0.002 and r = 0.544). The tooth mobility (MB) showed a statistically significant difference only with immunohistochemical anti-RANKL (p = 0.026), and probing depth (PD) was positively correlated with anti-RANKL (p = 0.028 and r = 0.409), both in cases of periodontitis. Only in cases of gingivitis TNF-&#945; was positively correlated with RANKL (p = 0.012 and r = 0.384) and the RANKL / OPG ratio (p = 0.027 and r = 0.341). Given these results, we conclude that the greatest expression of TNF-&#945; in periodontitis demonstrates a relationship with the progression and severity of periodontal disease and the correlation between all antibodies and clinical attachment loss demonstrates their involvement in periodontal bone resorption / A doen?a periodontal ? uma infec??o oral iniciada por periodontopat?genos que desencadeiam a resposta imune culminando com a destrui??o tecidual. Essa destrui??o ? mediada pelo hospedeiro atrav?s da indu??o da produ??o e ativa??o de enzimas l?ticas, citocinas e da estimula??o da osteoclastog?nese. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a express?o imuno-histoqu?mica dos fatores envolvidos na reabsor??o ?ssea, RANKL (Ligante do Receptor Ativador do Fator Nuclear kappa B), OPG (Osteoprotegerina) e TNF-&#945; (Fator de Necrose Tumoral Alfa) entre a gengiva clinicamente saud?vel, a gengivite e a periodontite cr?nica, correlacionando-os com os par?metros cl?nicos periodontais. A amostra consistiu de 83 casos, sendo 12 de gengivas clinicamente saud?veis, 42 de gengivite e 29 de periodontite, oriundos de 74 pacientes adolescentes e adultos com idade m?dia de 35 anos, sem altera??es sist?micas e n?o fumantes, predominantemente do sexo feminino e da ra?a parda. N?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa para express?o do anticorpo anti-RANKL (p=0,581) e da raz?o RANKL/OPG (p=0,334) quando se comparou as tr?s condi??es cl?nicas, mas o anti- OPG e anti-TNF-&#945; mostraram diferen?as estatisticamente significativas entre os tipos de les?o (p=0,001 e p<0,001, respectivamente), revelando maior imunoexpress?o na periodontite. Nos casos de periodontite, a vari?vel perda de inser??o cl?nica (PIC) mostrou diferen?a estatisticamente significativa e correla??o positiva, respectivamente, com a imunomarca??o dos anticorpos anti-RANKL (p=0,002; p=0,001 e r=0,642), anti-OPG (p=0,018; p=0,014 e r=0,451), anti-TNF-&#945; (p=0,032; p=0,014 e r=0,453) e com a raz?o percentual de RANKL/OPG (p=0,018; p=0,002 e r=0,544). A mobilidade dent?ria (MB) apresentou diferen?a estatisticamente significativa somente com a imunoexpress?o do anti-RANKL (p=0,026), e a profundidade de sondagem (PS) apresentou correla??o positiva com o anti- RANKL (p=0,028 e r=0,409), ambos nos casos de periodontite. Somente nos casos de gengivite o TNF-&#945; apresentou correla??o positiva com o RANKL (p=0,012 e r=0,384) e com a raz?o RANKL/OPG (p=0,027 e r=0,341). Diante desses resultados, conclui-se que a maior imunoexpress?o do TNF-&#945; na periodontite demonstra uma rela??o com a progress?o e severidade da doen?a periodontal e a correla??o entre todos os anticorpos e a perda de inser??o cl?nica demonstra o envolvimento destes na reabsor??o ?ssea periodontal

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BernadetteSR.pdf: 1860339 bytes, checksum: aec05e035c62b1c2c5d7b7118f9a969c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The study of manual preference is a widely used approach to investigate cerebral laterality in nonhuman primates. However, in New World primates, little is known about the ontogenesis of hand use asymmetry, in both forced and spontaneous activities, as well as how they correlate with sexual hormones. Accordingly, a longitudinal study was conducted on the manual preference of 6 female and 4 male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The study included the record of forced tests to reach for the food using only one hand (forced activity) and activities such as grooming (auto and social), scratching, grasping the food and hanging, in weekly sessions from the infantile (4 months) to the early adult phase (15 months). Feces samples were also collected, at least once a week, to evaluate the level of gonadal steroids and their influence on these behaviors. In the forced activity, the results confirm the influence of the development period on manual preference during feeding, shown by the increase in lateral stability when grasping the food between the juvenile and adult phases. During this period, a sexual hormone effect on development was also observed, mainly of progesterone in females and androgen in males, but no difference between sexes was found. In the females, progesterone also influenced the manual preference index, with a proportional increase in the degree of manual asymmetry during puberty. With respect to spontaneous activities, the animals showed proportional use of both hands when scratching, hanging, holding the food and grooming. A positive correlation was also found between the preference for holding the food in forced activities and in spontaneous activities / O estudo da prefer?ncia manual ? um dos meios mais utilizados para investigar a lateralidade cerebral em primatas n?o humanos. No entanto, em primatas do Novo Mundo, pouco se sabe sobre a ontog?nese da assimetria no uso das m?os, tanto em atividades for?adas como espont?neas e de sua rela??o com os horm?nios sexuais. Com este objetivo, foi desenvolvido um estudo longitudinal sobre a prefer?ncia manual em 10 animais (6 f?meas e 4 machos) da esp?cie Callithrix jacchus. O estudo incluiu a realiza??o de testes de preens?o de alimento (atividade for?ada) e atividades espont?neas como cata??o (autocata??o e cata??o social), co?ar-se, pendurar-se e segurar o alimento, que foram registradas em sess?es semanais come?ando na fase infantil (4 meses) e se estendendo at? o in?cio da idade adulta (15 meses). Paralelamente foram coletadas amostras de fezes, pelo menos uma vez por semana, a fim de avaliar o n?vel de ester?ides gonadais e sua poss?vel influ?ncia na express?o destes comportamentos. Na atividade for?ada, os resultados confirmam a influ?ncia do est?gio de desenvolvimento sobre a prefer?ncia manual evidenciada pelo aumento na estabiliza??o da lateralidade ao pegar o alimento entre as fases juvenil e adulta. Observou-se tamb?m um efeito dos horm?nios sexuais sobre o desenvolvimento da prefer?ncia, principalmente da progesterona nas f?meas e dos andr?genos nos machos, mas n?o foi encontrada diferen?a entre os sexos. Nas f?meas, a progesterona influenciou o ?ndice de prefer?ncia manual, com aumento proporcional do ?ndice de lateralidade durante a puberdade. Em rela??o ?s atividades espont?neas os animais mostraram uso proporcional das duas m?os para as a??es de co?ar-se, pendurar-se e segurar o alimento e o uso simult?neo das duas m?os para cata??o. Ficou tamb?m evidenciada uma rela??o positiva entre a prefer?ncia manual na preens?o do alimento na atividade for?ada e segurar o alimento na atividade espont?nea

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-10T11:14:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WalicyranisonPlinioDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 1746736 bytes, checksum: 438a1971df141eaacfe425498424e81e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-10T13:58:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 WalicyranisonPlinioDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 1746736 bytes, checksum: 438a1971df141eaacfe425498424e81e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T13:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WalicyranisonPlinioDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 1746736 bytes, checksum: 438a1971df141eaacfe425498424e81e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Em certas circunst?ncias, Candida albicans pode passar de colonizante para infectante e, como na candid?ase oral. A morfog?nese de C. albicans, bem como sua capacidade de combater o estresse oxidativo no interor de c?lulas fagoc?ticas, ? um fator essencial para a invas?o tecidual e estabelecimento da infec??o. Devido ao baixo arsenal antif?ngico dispon?vel no mercado e o constante surgimento de cepas resistentes, faz-se necess?ria a pesquisa de novas fontes terap?uticas, principalmente oriundas de produtos naturais. No presente estudo foram selecionados 48 isolados cl?nicos de C. albicans oriundos da cavidade bucal de pacientes transplantados renais. A fra??o acetato de etila de Eugenia uniflora foi utilizada na concentra??o de 1000 ?g/mL para avaliar a a??o comparativa (tratada e n?o tratada com extrato) sobre a fagocitose e morfog?nese de C. albicans. Foi realizado o ensaio de resist?ncia ao ataque de neutr?filos polimorfonucleares. O isolado 111R, de alta capacidade filamenta??o foi utilizado para avalia??o do perfil prot?ico por meio de an?lise prote?mica, bem como da intera??o com prote?nas diretamente associadas ? morfog?nese. A resposta ? infec??o foi observada em modelo murino de candid?ase oral e a a??o t?xica do extrato de E. uniflora foi observada em ensaio de MTT. O extrato de E. uniflora reduziu significativamente a capacidade de fagocitose de C. albicans (m?dia total de 120.36 ? 36.71 vs. 44.68 ? 19.84). Trinta e nove prote?nas foram identificadas na an?lise prote?mica, relacionadas ? gera??o de energia, metabolismo de prote?nas e glicose, divis?o celular, transporte citoplasm?tico, metabolismo de ?cidos nucl?icos, estrutura celular e resposta ao estresse. Importantes prote?nas relacionadas com a forma??o do citoesqueleto foram reguladas negativamente nas c?lulas tratadas. Houve instala??o de infec??o na cavidade oral dos camundongos e a infec??o foi atenuada quando C. albicans foi pr?-incubada na presen?a do extrato de E. uniflora e quando o extrato foi aplicado na cavidade oral ap?s a instala??o da infec??o. Este resultado foi condizente com a redu??o na contagem de UFC (2.36 vs. 1.85 Log10 CFU/ml) e a atenua??o dos danos teciduais observados na an?lise histopatol?gica. O extrato de E. uniflora n?o foi t?xico para c?lulas humanas mesmo em concentra??es 8x acima da utilizada nos experimentos. A fra??o acetato de etila de E. uniflora poder? causar danos ? parede celular e prote?nas essenciais ao metabolismo de C. albicans, afetando prote?nas relacionadas ? estrutura celular, reduzindo a capacidade pl?stica de filamenta??o, atenuando a a??o invasiva em modelo animal, sem causar efeito t?xico em c?lulas humanas, podendo ser uma futura alternativa terap?utica para o tratamento de infec??es por Candida. / Under certain circumstances, Candida albicans may switch a colonizing to a infecting yeast, such as in oral candidiasis. Morphogenesis in C. albicans, besides its ability to combat the oxidative stress inside phagocytic cells is an essential step for tissue invasion and establishment of infection. Due to the reduced drug arsenal used for treatment of fungal infections and the constant emergence of resistant strains, it is mandatory to search for new therapeutic sources, mainly from natural products. In the present study, 48 clinical isolates of C. albicans from the oral cavity of renal transplant recipients were selected. In order to evaluate the comparative action (treated and untreated cellst) on phagocytosis and morphogenesis of C. albicans, the ethyl acetate fraction of Eugenia uniflora extract was used at a concentration of 1000 ?g/mL. Resistance of C. albicans to polymorphonuclear neutrophils was carried out. The isolate 111R, a highly filamentous strain was used to evaluate protein profiling through proteomic analysis, as well as the interaction with proteins directly associated with morphogenesis. The in vivo response to infection was observed in murine model of oral candidiasis and the toxic action of E. uniflora extract was observed in the MTT assay. E. uniflora extract significantly reduced the phagocytosis of C. albicans (Mean 120.36 ? 36.71 vs. 44.68 ? 19.84). Thirty-nine proteins, related to energy generation, protein and glucose metabolism, cell division, cytoplasmic transport, nucleic acid metabolism, cell structure and stress response were identified with proteomics analysis. Important proteins directly related with cytoesqueleton formation were down regulated on treated cells. The infection in the oral cavity of the mice was established and it was attenuated when both C. albicans cells were either preincubated in the presence of E. uniflora extract or when the extract was applied to the surface of the oral cavity after infection. These results were consistent with the reduction in CFU countings (2.36 vs. 1.85 Log10 CFU/ml) and attenuation of tissue damages observed in the histopathologycal analysis. E. uniflora extract was non-toxic to human cells even at concentrations 8 fold hugher than the one used in the experiments. The ethyl acetate fraction of E. uniflora may act act damaging and metabolism essential proteinsmainly related to cellular structure, reducing the plastic capacity of filamentation and attenuating infection in a murine modell model, without causing any toxic effect on human cells, suggesting that it may be a future therapeutic alternative for the treatment of Candida infections.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T21:57:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T21:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-03 / Os dep?sitos silicicl?sticos da Forma??o Tombador, unidade basal do Grupo Chapada Diamantina, de idade mesoproteroz?ica, ocorrem numa faixa aproximadamente Norte-Sul ao longo da Serra do Sincor?, por??o central do Cr?ton S?o Francisco (CSF), Nordeste do Brasil. Esses dep?sitos s?o constitu?dos por uma espessa sequ?ncia de rochas silicicl?sticas. Realizou-se um estudo petrogr?fico e petrol?gico de se??es delgadas de rochas aflorantes da Fm. Tombador, juntamente com o aux?lio de t?cnicas especiais como a Fluoresc?ncia de Raios X (FRX), Difratometria de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Raios X por Dispers?o de Energia (EDS) e Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). Com base nas an?lises, verificou-se que essas rochas s?o constitu?das predominantemente por metarenitos. Os seguintes eventos diagen?ticos foram identificados: infiltra??o mec?nica de argilas, compacta??o mec?nica, compacta??o qu?mica, sobrecrescimento de quartzo, sobrecrescimento de turmalina, fraturamento de gr?os, precipita??o de ?xido/hidr?xidos de ferro, dissolu??o de gr?os, cauliniza??o e ilitiza??o. Foram identificados atrav?s da FRX em amostra total, os seguintes elementos qu?micos em ordem decrescente, sil?cio (Si), alum?nio (Al), pot?ssio (K), ferro (Fe), magn?sio (Mg), tit?nio (Ti), zirc?nio (Zr), estr?ncio (Sr) e ?trio (Y). A alta concentra??o do sil?cio (Si), acima de 90% ? decorrente da abund?ncia do quartzo (Q95F3FR2, segundo Folk, 1974), sendo importante indicador da alta maturidade mineral?gica das rochas estudadas. Atrav?s da t?cnica de DRX, foram identificados os seguintes grupos de argilominerais: ilita, caulinita, esmectita e interestratificados de ilita/esmectita. Embora as caracter?sticas das amostras reflitam as condi??es pret?ritas de ambientes diagen?ticos, as medidas do ?ndice de cristalinidade da ilita ou ??ndice de Kubler? (KI), e a presen?a do mineral pirofilita s?o suficientes para demonstrar que as rochas da ?rea de estudo foram afetadas pelo anquimetamorfismo, indicativo da transi??o entre a f?cies prehnita-pumpelita superior e a f?cies xisto verde inferior, e que as condi??es de soterramento atingiram a profundidade da ordem de 10-12 km e temperaturas da ordem de ?300 0C. A ocorr?ncia de determinados argilominerais (ilita, caulinita e esmectita), o alto teor de quartzo, os baixos teores de feldspato e fragmentos de rochas est?o diretamente relacionado aos sistemas deposicionais, mostrando que a composi??o do arcabou?o ? diretamente respons?vel pela evolu??o diagen?tica dessas rochas. / The siliciclastic deposits of the Tombador Formation, basal unit of the Chapada Diamantina Group, of mesoproterozoic age, occur in a north-south range along the Serra do Sincor?, central portion of the S?o Francisco Craton (CSF), Northeast Brazil. These deposits consist of a thick sequence of siliciclastic rocks. A petrographic and petrological study of thin sections of outcropping rocks of Fm. Tombador was carried out, along with the help of special techniques such as X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Spectroscopy by Energy Dispersion (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the analyzes, it was verified that these rocks are constituted predominantly by meta-sandstones. The following diagenetic events were identified: mechanical infiltration of clays, mechanical compaction, chemical compaction, quartz overgrowth, tourmaline overgrowth, grain fracturing, iron oxide/hydroxide precipitation, grain dissolution, kaolinization, ilitization and mineral pyrophyllite that reflects the transition stages between diagenesis and anchemimorphism. The following chemical elements in descending order, Si, Al, K, Fe, Mg, Ti, Zr, Sr and Y were identified by X - ray fluorescence in total sample, with values above 85%, together with the high amount of Quartz (Q95F3FR2, according to Folk, 1974), indicate the high mineralogical maturity of these rocks. Through the XRD technique, the following groups of clay minerals were identified: illite, kaolinite, smectite, interstratified of illite/smectite and the mineral pyrophyllite. Although the characteristics of the samples reflect the previous conditions of diagenetic environments, measurements of the illite crystallinity index or "Kubler Index" (KI), and the presence of the mineral pyrophyllite are sufficient to demonstrate that the rocks of the study area were affected by anchemimorphism, indicative of the transition between the prehnita-pumpellyite facies and the below greenschist facies, and that burial conditions reached a depth of the order of 10-12 km and temperatures in the order of ? 300 ? C. The occurrence of certain clay minerals is directly related to the depositional system, showing that the composition of the framework are directly responsible for the diagenetic evolution of these rocks.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-18T21:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielaMariaDeSousaMoura_TESE.pdf: 5064072 bytes, checksum: ff797a9a6f4cca34baad638e77a8a3f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-30T19:11:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielaMariaDeSousaMoura_TESE.pdf: 5064072 bytes, checksum: ff797a9a6f4cca34baad638e77a8a3f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T19:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielaMariaDeSousaMoura_TESE.pdf: 5064072 bytes, checksum: ff797a9a6f4cca34baad638e77a8a3f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / As c?lulas granulares do hipocampo s?o um dos poucos tipos de neur?nios gerados no sistema nervoso central de mam?feros adultos. O modelo atual de neurog?nese no hipocampo adulto assume que c?lulas tronco neurais (CTN) geram progenitores com potencial restrito ? gera??o de neur?nios ou astr?citos. Est?mulos ambientais e condi??es patol?gicas podem alterar a progress?o da linhagem, modulando a prolifera??o, diferencia??o, sobreviv?ncia e integra??o sin?ptica dos neur?nios gerados. Por exemplo, a Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal mesial (ELT), a forma mais comum de epilepsia em adultos, est? associada a altera??es na taxa de neurog?nese hipocampal adulta. Neste trabalho, n?s utilizamos dois modelos experimentais de ELT para avaliar os efeitos de um insulto epileptog?nico (i.e., status epilepticus, SE) sobre a linhagem e amadurecimento celular no giro denteado adulto. Atrav?s da t?cnica de fate-mapping utilizando animais Dcx-CreERT2/CAG-CAT-GFP, n?s acompanhamos o destino de c?lulas que apresentavam o promotor do gene doublecortin (DCX) ativado antes ou depois da inje??o intrahipocampal dos agentes convulsivantes ?cido ca?nico ou pilocarpina. Desta forma, pudemos avaliar o efeito destas drogas sobre progenitores e neur?nios imaturos DCX+ gerados antes ou ap?s o tratamento. Em ambos os modelos, foram observados um aumento de neurog?nese e altera??es no posicionamento e morfologia de c?lulas granulares, conforme descri??es pr?vias na literatura. Altera??es neuronais, tais como localiza??o ect?pica e presen?a de dendritos basais, foram observadas tanto em c?lulas geradas antes quanto ap?s a indu??o do SE, embora com frequ?ncias distintas. No entanto, apenas no hipocampo ipsilateral ? inje??o de ?cido ca?nico n?s observamos dispers?o da camada granular e morte neuronal em CA1 e CA3, apesar da atividade parox?stica epil?ptica ocorrer em ambos os hipocampos. Surpreendentemente, o aumento da neurog?nese em animais que receberam ?cido ca?nico foi restrito ao hipocampo contralateral, enquanto no lado ipsilateral foi observado um significativo aumento na gera??o de astr?citos a partir dos progenitores DCX+. Al?m disso, tamb?m observamos neste modelo a presen?a de c?lulas com morfologia e marcadores de CTNs, sugerindo que progenitores DCX+ poderiam regredir para estados mais primitivos na linhagem celular do hipocampo adulto. O aumento da astrogliog?nese no lado ipsilateral ? inje??o de ?cido ca?nico foi associado a uma degenera??o de interneur?nios parvalbumina (PV)+ no hipocampo, sugerindo que a atividade gaba?rgica poderia estar contribuindo para o redirecionamento da linhagem celular. Em conjunto, nossos dados indicam que a linhagem celular no giro denteado n?o ? unidirecional e irrevers?vel, e que o aumento da atividade el?trica neuronal induzida por ?cido ca?nico e pilocarpina t?m efeitos diferentes sobre a diferencia??o celular e destino fenot?pico dos progenitores e neur?nios nessa regi?o. Esses resultados imp?em a necessidade de revermos o modelo atual de neurog?nese hipocampal adulta e tamb?m indicam que diferentes modelos animais de epilepsia produzem altera??es celulares distintas no hipocampo adulto e, portanto, poderiam representar diferentes graus/est?gios da patologia. / The granular cells of the hippocampus are one of the few types of neurons generated in the central nervous system of adult mammals. The current model of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus assumes that neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to progenitors restricted to the generation of neurons or astrocytes. Environmental stimuli and pathological conditions can alter the lineage progression, modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and synaptic integration of newly generated neurons. For example, mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE), the most common form of epilepsy in adults, is associated with changes in the rate of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this work, we used two experimental TLE models to evaluate the effects of an epileptogenic insult (i.e., status epilepticus, SE) on the cell lineage and neuronal maturation in the adult dentate gyrus. Using Dcx-CreERT2 / CAG-CAT-GFP animals, we fate mapped the fate of cells expressing the doublecortin gene (DCX) either before or after intrahippocampal injection of the convulsive agents kainic acid or pilocarpine. In this way, we could evaluate the effect of these drugs on DCX+ progenitors and immature neurons generated before or after treatment. In both models, we observed an increase in neurogenesis and changes in the positioning and morphology of granular cells, according to previous descriptions in the literature. Neuronal aberrations, such as ectopic localization and presence of basal dendrites, were observed both in cells generated before and after induction of SE, albeit at different frequencies. However, only in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the injection of kainic acid we observed granule cell dispersion and neuronal death in CA1 and CA3, although the paroxysmal epileptic activity occurred in both hippocampi. Surprisingly, the increase in neurogenesis in animals that received kainic acid was restricted to the contralateral hippocampus, whereas on the ipsilateral side a significant increase in astrocyte generation was observed within the DCX+ progenitor lineage. In addition, we also observed the presence of cells with NSC hallmarks, suggesting that DCX+ progenitors could regress to more primitive states in the adult hippocampal cell lineage. The increased astrogliogenesis on the ipsilateral side to the injection of kainic acid was associated with a degeneration of parvalbumin (PV)+ interneurons in the hippocampus, suggesting that GABAergic activity could be contributing to the rerouting of the DCX+ progenitor cell lineage. Taken together, our data indicates that the cell lineage in the dentate gyrus is neither unidirectional nor irreversible, and that the increased neuronal electrical activity induced by kainic acid and pilocarpine have different effects on cell differentiation, as well as on the fate of progenitors and neurons in that region. These results highlight the need to review the current model of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and also indicate that different animal models of epilepsy produce distinct cellular alterations in the adult hippocampus and could therefore represent different degrees / stages of the pathology.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-30T18:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_LUCIANO_DENARDIN_DE_OLIVEIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2504086 bytes, checksum: 9d81a7646c1c0d3d1e22b731e7fcd83f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T18:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_LUCIANO_DENARDIN_DE_OLIVEIRA_COMPLETO.pdf: 2504086 bytes, checksum: 9d81a7646c1c0d3d1e22b731e7fcd83f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work aims to understand the teacher-scientist interaction in a continuing education course named CERN Portuguese Language Teachers Programme under the perspective of the sociogenesis of knowledge theory by Ludwik Fleck. The research had a qualitative approach and focused on a case study. Teachers taking part in the course were interviewed and after that their discourse were interpreted according to the theoretical framework of the Discourse Analysis of French matrix. We understand that the structure of the CERN Portuguese Language Teachers Programme reflects a technical rationality and that a single thought collective regarding the thought style of particle physics is set. Scientists make up the esoteric circle, while the teachers make up the exoteric circle, what puts the stream of ideas in the intracollective order. The intracollective communication of ideas strenghts the thought style, so that after the experience in CERN teachers started to include aspects of particles physics in their classes and to promote activities of science popularization related to CERN. However, we have not noticed substantial changes in the teaching practices of the participants. Based on the theory of Fleck, we advocate that changes in the teaching practices happen in a considerable way if intercollective communications of ideas are privileged. In order to accomplish this goal, and contemplating the main guidelines of recent researches that investigated the teacher-scientist interaction in different contexts, we propose a model of teacher-scientist-researcher that involve three distinct thought collectives: the subject-based knowledge one, the professional education knowledge one, and the experiential knowledge one. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender, ? luz da teoria da sociog?nese do conhecimento de Ludwik Fleck, a intera??o professor-cientista em um curso de forma??o continuada denominado Escola de F?sica do CERN. A pesquisa teve um car?ter qualitativo, enquadrando-se em um estudo de caso. Entrevistas foram realizadas com professores participantes do curso de forma??o supracitado e seus discursos interpretados segundo os pressupostos te?ricos da An?lise de Discurso da linha francesa. Compreendemos que a estrutura da Escola de F?sica do CERN reflete uma racionalidade t?cnica e que um ?nico coletivo de pensamento relativo ao estilo de pensamento da f?sica de part?culas ? estabelecido. Os cientistas integram o c?rculo esot?rico e os professores, o c?rculo exot?rico, fazendo com que o tr?fego de ideias seja da ordem intracoletiva. A circula??o intracoletiva de ideias fortalece o estilo de pensamento, de forma que ap?s a viv?ncia no CERN os professores passaram a inserir aspectos da f?sica de part?culas em suas aulas e a realizar atividades de divulga??o cient?fica relacionadas ao centro. Entretanto, n?o verificamos mudan?as significativas nas pr?ticas docentes dos participantes. Respaldado pela teoria fleckiana, defendemos que mudan?as nas pr?ticas docentes ocorrem de forma significativa se forem privilegiadas as circula??es intercoletivas de ideias. Para que essa situa??o seja alcan?ada e contemplando as principais diretrizes de pesquisas recentes que investigaram a intera??o professor-cientista em diferentes contextos, propomos um modelo de intera??o professor-cientista-pesquisador que envolva tr?s coletivos de pensamento distintos: dos saberes disciplinares, dos saberes da forma??o profissional e dos saberes experienciais.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438173.pdf: 1856345 bytes, checksum: 88a20c5de7a402c873dcfd4ecbe6460d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-08 / INTRODUCTION: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBTC) provides detailed information about the amount and quality of new bone formed during distraction osteogenesis (DO). The density of the lengthened bone is measured based on different levels of gray found in the images. The use of CBTC therefore allows to perform a quantitative analysis of bone density and, thus, to measure the level of X-ray attenuation by soft tissues. OBJECTIVES: To assess, via CBTC, newly formed bone in mandibles of rabbits treated with DO under the biomodulating effects of AsGaAl infrared laser radiation (&#955;=830 nm, 40 mW), applied during the activation phase. The distracted area was assessed based on the gray levels shown on images and observing the influence of soft tissues on X-ray attenuation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rabbits were used (two experimental groups and one control group). The two experimental groups were treated with DO and low-level laser therapy. Rabbits in experimental group A were killed 11 days after the beginning of DO, and those in experimental group B, after 21 days of DO. CBTC images were obtained from the mandibles of the ten rabbits with soft tissues and subsequently (after dissection) without soft tissues. This comparison allowed to analyze the influence of soft tissues on X-ray attenuation, and consequently on the decrease in gray levels observed in the tomographs of rabbits treated with DO. RESULTS: The presence of soft tissues increased X-ray attenuation, resulting in a decrease in the levels of gray observed in three-dimensional CBCT images of mandibular bone tissue of the rabbits before and after soft tissue removal. The area of the mandibles treated with DO presented higher levels of gray in rabbits killed at 21 days. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT allowed to assess bone density variation in areas treated with DO. The presence of soft tissues contributes to decrease the levels of gray in three-dimensional CBCT bone tissue images of the ten rabbits assessed. This occurs due to the absorption of X-rays by soft tissues studied by tomography. We found that bone density in the area treated with DO, as observed on tomography, increased in direct proportion to the bone maturation period after the activation phase in DO, based on the gray levels observed. / INTRODU??O: A tomografia computadorizada do tipo Cone-beam (TCCB) fornece informa??es detalhadas sobre a qualidade e a quantidade de osso neoformado pela distra??o osteog?nica (DO). Permite mensurar a densidade do osso alongado, por meio da avalia??o dos tons de cinza. Desta forma, pode-se realizar uma an?lise quantitativa da densidade ?ssea, dimensionando a atenua??o dos feixes de raios X pelos tecidos moles nas imagens. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar, por interm?dio da TCCB, o osso mandibular neoformado em mand?bulas de coelhos submetidos ? DO, sob efeito biomodulat?rio da irradia??o por laser infravermelho AsGaAl (&#955;=830 nm, 40 mW), aplicado durante a fase de ativa??o do aparelho distrator. A ?rea da distra??o ? avaliada pelos n?veis de cinza das imagens, observando tamb?m a influ?ncia dos tecidos moles na atenua??o dos feixes de raios X. MATERIAIS E M?TODOS: Dez coelhos foram utilizados (dois grupos experimentais e um grupo controle). Os grupos experimentais foram submetidos ? DO e ? terapia a laser de baixa potencia (LLLT). Os coelhos do grupo experimental A foram mortos ap?s 11 dias do in?cio da DO e os coelhos do grupo experimental B, mortos ap?s 21 dias do in?cio da DO. Os 10 coelhos foram submetidos a tomografia com tecidos moles e posteriormente dissecados e submetidos a tomografia sem tecidos moles. Assim, foi poss?vel analisar a influ?ncia dos tecidos moles em coelhos submetidos ? DO na atenua??o dos feixes de raios X e, consequentemente, na diminui??o dos valores de n?veis de cinza observados na imagem tomogr?fica. RESULTADOS: A presen?a dos tecidos moles aumenta a atenua??o dos feixes de raios X contribuindo na diminui??o dos valores de n?veis de cinza, observados na imagem do tecido ?sseo em 3D, na mand?bula dos 10 coelhos submetidos a tomografia, antes e ap?s a remo??o dos tecidos moles. A ?rea das mand?bulas submetidas ? distra??o apresentaram valores superiores de cinza, nos coelhos mortos ap?s 21 dias do in?cio da DO. CONCLUS?ES: Com tom?grafos do tipo Cone-beam, foi poss?vel avaliar a varia??o da densidade ?ssea em ?reas submetidas ? DO. A presen?a dos tecidos moles contribui na diminui??o dos valores de n?veis de cinza observados nas imagens do tecido ?sseo dos 10 coelhos em 3D. Isto ocorre devido ? absor??o do feixe de raios X pelos tecidos moles submetidos a tomografia. Tamb?m observou-se que a densidade ?ssea na ?rea da distra??o, visualizada na tomografia, aumenta proporcionalmente ao per?odo de matura??o ?ssea ocorrido ap?s a fase de ativa??o da DO, conforme observa??o dos valores de cinza obtidos.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-06-28T19:56:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANA_HELENA_BRETANHA_LOPES_TORT_COMPLETO.pdf: 1228563 bytes, checksum: 1ae15f2eb2fe5ed55580c78c418cb7be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T19:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_ANA_HELENA_BRETANHA_LOPES_TORT_COMPLETO.pdf: 1228563 bytes, checksum: 1ae15f2eb2fe5ed55580c78c418cb7be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Gliomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system that are associated with a high mortality rate; they course with an average survival rate of 2 years after the diagnosis. Less than 5 % of glioma patients survive more than five years after diagnosis, even those treated with state of the art protocols, which include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Tumors result from impairments of intracellular signaling pathways, including the p38/MAPK pathway, which, are responsible to control of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, among other cellular responses. The goal of the present work was to investigate the effects of ML3403, an inhibitor of p38/MAPK, on the viability and proliferation of glioma cells, and to assess its effect when combined with bevacizumab (BVZ). BVZ already used in the clinical setting as anadjuvant for treating gliomas. It is a monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A receptor and thus reduces the signaling involved in tumor angiogenesis. U138 and U251 glioma cells were treated with ML3403 (0.1 to 200 ?M) and BVZ (1 to 200 ?g/mL) and later assessedfor cell viability, by MTT method and proliferation by cell counting. The results demonstrate that treatment with ML3403 reduces glioma cell viability and proliferation. Co-treatment with BVZ does not present any significant effect. The use of p38/MAPK inhibitors may constitute an interesting treatment against glioma progression. / Por serem tumores prim?rios localizados no sistema nervoso central, os gliomas apresentam altas taxas de mortalidade com sobrevida m?dia de dois anos. Menos de 5% dos pacientes com gliomas sobrevivem mais de cinco anos ap?s o diagn?stico, mesmo com os tratamentos mais avan?ados, os quais envolvem cirurgia, radia??o e quimioterapia. Os tumores resultam de diferentes defeitos em vias de sinaliza??o intracelulares, incluindo a via p38/MAPK. Entre as respostas celulares mediadas pela fam?lia de p38/MAPK, destaca-se a regula??o da produ??o do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF). O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos de ML3403, um inibidor da p38/MAPK, sobre a viabilidade das c?lulas de glioma, e avaliar o seu efeito combinado com bevacizumab (BVZ). O BVZ, j? utilizado na cl?nica como adjuvante no tratamento de gliomas, ? um anticorpo monoclonal contra o receptor de VEGF-Ae reduz a sinaliza??o envolvida no processo de angiog?nese tumoral. As c?lulas de gliomas U138MG e U251MG foram tratadas com ML3403 (0,1 a 200?M) e BVZ (1 a 200 ?g/mL)e avaliadas para viabilidade celular, atrav?s do m?todo do MTT e prolifera??o celular, atrav?s da contagem do n?mero de c?lulas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram redu??o da viabilidade e prolifera??o celular ap?s o tratamento com ML3403. O co-tratamento com BVZ n?o apresentou efeito aditivo. A utiliza??o de inibidores da via de sinaliza??o p38/MAPK pode ser considerada como um tratamento promissor na diminui??o do crescimento de gliomas.