Studiens syfte är att få en inblick hur arbetet med att integrera nyanlända barn i förskolans verksamhet går till. Vi vill även vinna kunskap om aspekter som ligger till grund för arbetet att placera in de nyanlända barnen i förskolan. För att få svar på studiens frågor genomfördes intervjuer med utbildningschefer i olika kommuner i Sverige. Frågeställningarna som användes vid utformningen av intervjufrågor var: Hur resonerar utbildningschefer angående integration i förskolan, vilka riktlinjer ligger som beslut för utformning av verksamheter med nyanlända barn samt vilka aspekter ligger till grund för kommunens utplacering av nyanlända barn. Som analysredskap använde vi innehållsanalys som syftar till att kategorier skapas utifrån det insamlade materialet. Studiens resultat visar att geografi har en stor betydelse för hur de nyanlända barnen placeras ut i kommunens olika förskoleverksamheter. Som nyanländ familj finns en problematik att transportera sig till en förskola som är placerad långt ifrån hemmet och resultatet blir då att de nyanlända barnen uteblir i verksamheten. Resultatet visar också att samtliga utbildningschefer har samma riktlinjer att följa men att det även går att tolka lagarna och utforma olika strategier för integrationsarbete.

The overall aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge about newly arrived children’s participation in communicative events and the communicative tools that are being practiced by them. The study takes its starting point in a sociocultural perspective on learning and is informed by Vygotsky´s (1896-1934) thoughts on development, which is learning taking place in interaction between people in a sociocultural context. Through participant observation combined with use of interaction analysis, a number of children´s interactions were observed and analyzed. Two newly arrived children were observed during their daily child-to-child interactions during a period of five months. Ethical considerations according to the Swedish research council have been addressed and the study has been approved by the Swedish Central Ethical Review Board. The result shows how newly arrived children participate by combining different communicative tools as speech, bodily language and materials when they shadow, mix languages, invent languages, use their voice, meta-communicates and use surrounding structures in interaction. The result also shows how the newly arrived children’s practice of communicative tools change from a salient bodily form to a more verbal form in a period of five months. This change in their practice of communicative tools leads to changed participation in communicative events in Swedish preschools. The study contributes with knowledge about how newly arrived children use various ways of approaching a new language (Swedish) and a new cultural context but also children´s informal learning which take place in interaction. / Baksidestext Denna uppsats har finansierats med medel från Nationella forskarskolan för ämnesdidaktik i mångfaldens förskola. Förutsättningar och möjligheter för barns språkliga och matematiska utveckling och lärande (FoBaSM). Diarienummer 729-2011-4652. Inom forskarskolan samarbetar Göteborgs universitet, Karlstad universitet, Linköpings universitet och Malmö högskola, som är värdhögskola. Denna uppsats handlar om två nyanlända barn som är nya i det svenska språket samtidigt som de är nya i den svenska förskolan och deras deltagande i språkliga händelser med barn på förskolan. I studien undersöks hur de nyanlända barnen deltar i språkliga händelser och med vilka kommunikativa redskap. Resultatet visar att nyanlända barn kombinerar olika kommunikativa redskap som verbalt språk, kroppsspråk och material då de skuggar, språkblandar, hittar på språk, gör utrop och känsloyttringar med rösten, metakommunicerar och refererar till strukturer i omgivningen i interaktioner. Resultatet visar också hur de nyanlända barnens praktiserande av kommunikativa redskap, går från en mer framträdande kroppslig form till en mer verbalt språklig form på fem månader. Denna förändring innebär ett förändrat deltagande för nyanlända barn i språkliga händelser i förskolan. Uppsatsen bidrar med förståelse för barns olika sätt att kommunicera när de är nya i en språklig och kulturell kontext men också barns informella lärande i interaktion med varandra. Uppsatsen riktar sig till forskare, förskollärare och andra som är intresserade av nyanlända barn och språk i barninteraktioner.

Nowadays, many schools around the world are a mixture of children who come from different places and for different reasons. The Swedish school has not been an exception of these mixtures of children who have different identities, cultures, and languages. In 2015, Sweden experienced a high immigration peak compare to the previous years and for this reason, the Swedish school system needed to adapt to the newly arrived children that came into the classroom. The purpose of this research project is to investigate teachers’ experiences and perceptions of meeting the varying needs of recently arrived learners in English teaching in years 4-6. The aim of the thesis is to explore what are the main challenges in teaching English and how the teachers adapt their English lessons and develop methods and strategies for teaching recently arrived pupils.This study was conducted with semi-structured interviews as a qualitative method, with five English teachers who have a complete degree in teaching education, and all of whom have newly arrived children in their classes. Based on analysis of the data, three main conclusions have been drawn in this study. Firstly, all the teachers participating did not know the difference between concepts such as immigrants and newcomers; secondly the teachers do not use a special method or strategies when they teach newly arrived children, and finally, this study shows that the teachers do not know how to face the newly arrived children’s needs, and they do not feel that they have the competence that they need in this field.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka nyanlända barns användande av icke-verbal kommunikation när de leker fritt, samt om det är någon skillnad när en pedagog är närvarande. Det studeras också i vilka karaktäristiska lekar de nyanlända barnen använder sin icke-verbala kommunikation mest. Studien är kvalitativ och undersökningen är utförd genom observationer, som utfördes under två dagars tid. Observationerna har utförts på en mångkulturell förskola där fokus har varit på fri lek, den proximala utvecklingszonen, pedagogiska atmosfärer och icke-verbal kommunikation. Resultaten visar att de nyanlända barnen använder sig av icke-verbala kommunikationsformer när de leker med varandra, detta tydliggörs i fyra karaktäristiska lekar som beskrivs i resultatdelen. Vidare framgår det av studien att det finns skillnader i barnens kommunikationsstrategier när det finns pedagogiskt stöd i leken gentemot när barnen leker utan pedagogers stöd. / The purpose of this study is to examine the newly arrived children's use of non -verbal communication when they are playing freely, and if there is any difference when a preschool teacher is present. It is also being studied in which characteristic games the newly arrived children use their non - verbal communication the most. The study is qualitative and the study is performed through observations. The observations have been conducted in a multicultural preschool where the focus has been at free play, the proximal development zone, educational atmospheres and non-verbal communication . The results show that the newly arrived children use non-verbal forms of communication when playing with each other , this is made clear in the four characteristic games described in the results section of this study. Furthermore , it appears from the study that there are differences in the children's communication strategies when there are educational support in children’s play compared to when they play and do not have educator’s support.

Purpose: Our purpose with this study is to compare how the two selected schools in two different areas in Stockholm chooses to introduce and integrate newly arrived children in Sweden. The schools are located in the suburb and downtown in Stockholm. One school has chosen to integrate the child by placing him or her in a preparatory class and the other school is placing the child into a regular class. Investigation questions: We want to find out how the choosen schools are working with a newly arrived child. How is the child integrated and introduced directly into a regular class through teaching methods and teaching material and how a newly arrived child is integrated and introduced into a preparatory class through teaching methods and teaching material. We also want to find out if the community authorities in the City of Stockholm and the Swedish state have guidelines that schools are supposed to follow in the work with newly arrived children and whether our selected schools are working after these guidelines. Method: The study is based on two methods. One method are interviews, we interviewed three active persons from each selected school. We also interviewed a researcher in this subject and a person who works for the municipality with the reception of newly arrived children. The second method is based on textual analysis document issued by the Immigration Department (Migrationsverket) and the Education Department (Skolverket) as well as the Municipalities and Counties of Sweden (Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting). Theories: We have chosen to use two social theories: Mead's interactionist theory and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. These theories are both based on the importance of social interaction for development. Conclusions: We have concluded that the most important thing is not whether the child is placed in preparatory class or a regular class. The key factor is how the teaching is, what resources are available and what skills the teacher has. We have also concluded that there are guidelines from the Education Department but that the schools in this study did not follow.

The purpose of this study is to generate further knowledge about preschool teachers' work with newly arrived children who are in need of special support. Presently, there is a small amount of research in this subject and therefore I think it is a relevant topic to study. The study is conducted with semi structured interviews as a qualitative method for accessing the preschool teachers’ description of their work with newly arrived children in need of special support due to disabilities. It appears that it is a challenge for preschool staff to know what the need for special support is based on, whether due to disability or of being a refugee and the difficulties it contains. In order for preschool teachers’ to have the opportunity to use appropriate support, they need to have knowledge of the child's background and they also need to have well function communication with the parents. It is usually the staff at the preschool who first notice when a child needs supplementary support. With the preschool teachers' descriptions this study examines what perspective preschool teachers’ have on their work with newly arrived children in need of special support. This is done with help of four different special educational perspectives. This study shows that it is important to have good cooperation between preschool and parents, the parties are then dependent on well-functioning interpretive opportunities for the cooperation to function, which turns out to be varied.