Plusieurs pièces du dramaturge égyptien Alfred Faraǧ (1929-2005) réécrivent des textes préexistants. Se caractérisant de façon différente selon le genre textuel de son hypotexte, la réécriture se révèle une stratégie variable. Une comparaison entre les genres, les récits, les personnages, le style et les contenus des hypertextes et des hypotextes montre que les pièces réécrivant l’histoire se focalisent sur des aspects privés et font ainsi que le passé se mêle à des questions d’actualité ; la réécriture de la Qiṣṣat al-Zīr Sālim subvertit les valeurs de la légende en les adaptant aux goûts du public ; tandis que les pièces dérivées des Mille et une Nuits encadrent des questions politiques dans une ambiance ludique.Réinvestissant le patrimoine arabe, ces réécritures soutiennent le panarabisme. En même temps, elles encodent des critiques à l’encontre du régime de l’époque. De plus, la réécriture d’Alfred Faraǧ remodèle le patrimoine arabe : elle pourvoit l’histoire d’interprétations nouvelles et positives, adapte les valeurs de la légende et gomme le pouvoir effectif de la magie ainsi que le comique basé sur des préjudices religieux ou raciaux des contes des Nuits. Les personnages tirés de l’histoire et de la légende sont réinterprétés et livrés au public comme des héros. En plus d’être multifonctionnelle, la réécriture produit une création à plusieurs niveaux. Soumise à une double réception (celle de l’hypotexte seul et celle de l’hypertexte dans son ensemble), sa perception est complexement variable. Comme un kaléidoscope, la réécriture replace des éléments pour composer des dessins constamment variables au regard du spectateur qui forment l’esthétique de ces ouvrages. / Several of Alfred Faraǧ’s plays rewrite preexistent texts. As each play presents distinctive features depending on the genre of its hypotext, rewriting is a variable strategy. A comparison between the literary genres, the plots, the characters, the style and the contents of the hypertexts and their hypotexts reveals that plays rewriting History focus on private aspects of the events and make the past reflects issues relevant in the present; the rewriting of the Qiṣṣat al-Zīr Sālim subverts its original values adapting them to the contemporary audience’s taste; and plays based on the Arabian Nights frame political issues in cheerful atmospheres.All the plays derived from the rewriting reinvest the Arab heritage and most of them are written in Classical Arabic, and so they contribute to foster the pan-arabist ideology. In the meantime, they contain political ideas which could be expressed because they were encoded through the rewriting. Alfred Faraǧ’s rewritings also reshape the socio-cultural Arab heritage providing History with new, positive interpretations of the events, substituting the values of the legend and erasing the effective power of magic and the comic based on racial or religious prejudices from the tales of the Nights. Similarly, characters taken from History or legend are reinterpreted and delivered to the audience as heroes. Besides being multifunctional, rewriting also produces a multilayered creation. Affected by a double reception (of the hypotext and of the hypertext in its whole), its perception complexly variates. Like a kaleidoscope, the rewriting resettles elements to compose ever-changing viewed patterns shaping the aesthetic of such works.

Orientador: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Banca: Antonio Roberto Esteves / Banca: Carla Alexandra Ferreira / Resumo: O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise do romance Noites no circo (1984), da autora inglesa Angela Carter, abordando principalmente a personagem central, Fevvers. No primeiro capítulo tratamos brevemente da vida e obra da autora, e também da fortuna crítica produzida sobre o romance. Ainda neste primeiro capítulo, procuramos analisar algumas das nomenclaturas ligadas à produção carteriana, como realismo mágico, pósmodernismo e feminismo, tendo como referência alguns estudos já realizados. No segundo capítulo, utilizamos teorias acerca da simbologia. O interesse é analisar alguns dos símbolos que aparecem no romance e são relevantes na leitura, pois deixam subentendidos alguns dos sentidos que a autora deseja transmitir. No terceiro capítulo, o interesse é demonstrar que nesta extensa narrativa de Angela Carter, as representações estão presentes e produzem o clima de espetáculo, fazendo do romance um verdadeiro circo / Abstract: The present work presents an analysis of the novel Nights at the circus (1984), by the English writer Angela Carter, above all approaching the main character, Fevvers. In the first chapter we briefly deal with the writer's life and work, and also with the critical works produced about the novel. Still in this chapter, we try to analyze some of the terminology related to Carter's production, such as magic realism, post-modernism and feminism, taking as reference studies already done. In the second chapter, we use theories about symbology. The interest is to analyze some of the symbols which appear in the novel and are important during the reading because they let implicit some of the meanings that the author wants to transmit. In the third chapter the interest is to demonstrate that in this long Carterian narrative the representations are present and produce the spectacle mood, turning the novel into a real circus / Mestre

O Livro das Mil e Uma Noites, na forma como se encontra em seu grupo de manuscritos mais antigo, o chamado ramo sírio, configura-se como um grande compêndio de narrativas árabes de cunho erótico, em sua maioria. As cenas encontradas nessas narrativas, quase sempre explícitas, revelam mulheres sensualíssimas, donas de corpos desejados, e homens desejosos desses corpos e, na maioria das vezes, traídos por suas mulheres. Porém, uma narrativa em especial se destaca fortemente nesse universo carnal das Noites: a história de \"Nūruddīn ͨ Alī Bin Bakkār e Šamsunnahār\". O amor que tem lugar nessa narrativa beira o divino e inefável, e suas descrições, sempre imprecisas, revelam a dificuldade em se descrever um amor tão distante da carne e de seus desejos. Mas não é só no livro em questão que tal narrativa se destaca: dentro de toda a tradição amorosa da época a que pertence (entre os séculos IX e XI, no apogeu do Califado Abássida), tal como a conhecemos hoje, essa história de amor se mostra como única. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar justamente esse destaque da narrativa de \"Nūruddīn ͨ Alī Bin Bakkār e Šamsunnahār\" dentro de seus contextos: primeiramente dentro do Livro das Mil e Uma Noites e, posteriormente, dentro da literatura amorosa abássida. Busca-se comparar a narrativa dos dois amantes com todas as outras narrativas erótico-amorosas das Mil e Uma Noites, demonstrando suas diferenças substanciais. Além disso, busca-se mapear a tradição literária amorosa abássida, demonstrando como Nūruddīn e Šamsunnahār nada têm que ver com os amantes das narrativas de amor da época. Ao final do trabalho, enumerando-se e analisando-se pormenorizadamente essas características de destaque, aproximamos a narrativa dos dois amantes a outras obras, contemporâneas a ela, que se declaram platonizantes. Assim, situamos a história de Nūruddīn e Šamsunnahār num pequeno e pouco estudado grupo de obras árabes medievais: o grupo que compartilha características que se assemelham às das obras platônicas e neoplatônicas. / The Book of the Thousand and One Nights, in the way it is written in its oldest group of manuscripts, the Syrian branch, is composed as a big compendium of erotic Arabic stories, in its majority. The scenes found in those stories, which are almost always explicit, reveal very sensual women, owners of desired bodies, and men who desire those bodies, and who are, almost always, betrayed by those women. However, one story in special contrasts from the others in this carnal universe of the Nights: the story of \"Nūruddīn ͨ Alī Bin Bakkār and Šamsunnahār\". The love described in this narrative approaches the divine and ineffable love, and its descriptions, always imprecise, reveal the difficulty of describing a love, which is so distant from the body and its desires. But, the narrative of the two lovers is not a highlight only in this book: in the whole erotic tradition to which it belongs (the Abbasid love, between the IX and X centuries), this story shows itself as a unique one. The present dissertation aims to analyse these highlights of the narrative of \"Nūruddīn ͨ Alī Bin Bakkār and Šamsunnahār\" in its contexts: first, inside the Book of the Thousand and One Nights and, after that, inside the erotic Abbasid literature. We do it by comparing the story of the two lovers to all the other erotic narratives of the Nights, demonstrating all the substantial differences among them. Besides that, we draw a map of the whole erotic Abbasid literary tradition, demonstrating how Nūruddīn and Šamsunnahār have nothing in common with the other Abbasid lovers, described in the erotic stories of that time. At the end of the dissertation, by enumerating and analysing carefully those characteristics of highlight, we approach the narrative of the two lovers to other works, contemporary to it, which declare themselves to be platonic. By doing that, we situate the story of Nūruddīn and Šamsunnahār in a very small and not studied group of Arabic medieval works: the group, which shares similar characteristics with the platonic and neoplatonic works.

Adaptation studies has recently turned an eye towards translation theory for valuable discussion on the role of movie makers as translators. Such discussion notes the difficulties inherent in adapting a medium such as a book, a play, or even a theme park ride into film. These difficulties have interesting parallels to the translation of one language into another. Translation theory, in fact, can shed important light on the adaptation process. Intrinsic to translation theory is the dichotomy between domesticating translation and foreignizing translation, the two major styles of translation. Translation scholar Lawrence Venuti, the author of these two terms, argues that while the former is an "ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to receiving cultural values, bringing the author back home," the latter is "an ethnodeviant pressure on those values to register the linguistic and cultural differences of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad" (15). Venuti suggests that foreignizing translations, ones that maintain distinct cultural difference within the translated target text, are more desirable and ultimately commit less violence on the source text and language. This paper analyzes the 1940 film The Thief of Bagdad, a British remake of a 1924 Hollywood film by the same name, for its elements of foreignizing translation. Producer Alexander Korda, acting as a kind of translator, made this film during the height of the British national film movement. Supported by this movement, and inspired by his own personal vendetta against Hollywood, Korda took an American blockbuster and re-vised it with distinctly British thematic elements. Because his ultimate audience was an American one, however, I argue that his film took an American source text, The Thief of Bagdad (1924), and foreignized it, hoping, in the process, to establish British cinema as a major player in the international film world.

The purpose of this essay is to explore the connection between the novel adaptation of Five Nights at Freddy’s and its video game source. As well as questioning how the two sources have developed a unique transmedial symbiosis. This relationship will be explored through the lens of modern adaptation, transmedial storytelling, worldbuilding, and world linking methods. By exploring the games unnatural narrative the transmedial tools and ideas the franchise has been based on can be defined. Through interaction and puzzle-like narrative which invites the player to participate by discussing and theorizing. Which then evolved and expanded further through the creation of the novel trilogy. The novel trilogy creates a transmedial narrative using world linking transmedial methodology to achieve interconnection between the works.

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O Livro das mil e uma noites, traduzido por Richard Francis Burton do árabe para o inglês, no séc. XIX, causou um forte impacto na sociedade vitoriana por seu conteúdo erótico. Ao tentar superar as traduções de seus antecessores, Burton reuniu diversos manuscritos e versões impressas, para tentar abarcar o máximo possível de contos, além de acrescentar abundantes notas de rodapé acerca dos costumes da sociedade árabe dos países por onde ele viajou como representante do governo britânico. Sua tradução, constante na biblioteca pessoal de Jorge Luis Borges, inspirou um considerável número de contos desse autor. No âmbito da literatura comparada, as Noites representam um importante hipotexto para a obra borgeana, que reutilizou seus temas, argumentos, imitou seu estilo. Analisar as formas de transcendência textual na obra do autor argentino, através das classificações de Gérard Genette, possibilita uma interpretação das suas relações inter e hipertextual com os contos árabes. Genette procura delimitar com mais precisão termos como paródia, charge, pastiche, sátira, por exemplo, que continuamente são confundidos numa análise mais geral. A obra borgeana tem sido muito genericamente taxada de paródica, mas suas relações intertextuais são muito mais complexas, não apenas com as Mil e uma Noites, mas com todos os autores por ele transformados. Além disso, Borges é o criador de uma nova linguagem, de certos gêneros: como o conto ensaístico e a pseudo-tradução, elencados por Genette, que tem como fonte as Noites. Borges reutiliza o tradicional conto árabe modernizando-o e adaptando-o ao seu próprio estilo e aos tempos modernos, criando formas inteiramente novas de narrativa. / The book of the Thousands Nights and a Night, translated by Richard Francis Burton from Arabic into English, in the century. XIX, caused a strong impact on Victorian society for its erotic content. In trying to overcome the translations of his predecessors, Burton met several manuscripts and printed versions, trying to cover as much of tales, while adding abundant footnotes about the customs of Arab society of the countries through which he traveled as a representative of the British government . His translation, the constant personal library of Jorge Luis Borges, inspired a considerable number of short stories by this author. In the context of comparative literature, the Nights represent an important hypotext to work Borges, who reused their themes, arguments, imitated his style. Analyze textual forms of transcendence in the work of the Argentine author, through the ratings Gérard Genette, provides an interpretation of their relationship with the inter-and hypertextual Arab tales. Genette seeks to define more precisely terms like parody, caricature, pastiche, satire, for example, are continually confounded a more general analysis. Borges\'s work has been very generically labeled as parody, but their intertextual relationships are much more complex, not only with the Thousand and One Nights, but with all the authors he transformed. Moreover, Borges is the creator of a new language, certain genres: the short story as essayistic and pseudo-translation, listed by Genette, whose source the Nights. Borges reuses the traditional Arabic tale modernizing it and adapting it to their own style and modern times, creating entirely new ways of storytelling.

Este estudo compara a mímese poética do mundo árabe-islâmico, especialmente no livro de contos As mil e uma noites, com a mímese poética do mundo hispano-americano na obra literária de Jorge Luis Borges. A obra anônima das Noites tornou-se a principal referência para especular tanto as formas e as estratégias de construção narrativa quanto os conteúdos temáticos na criação poética do escritor argentino. Devido à magnitude da produção literária borgeana, este estudo considerou o livro El Aleph (1946) e três contos de El libro de arena (1975)- El espejo y la máscara, Undr e El disco. O trabalho se propõe afirmar que a poética árabe-islâmica, enquanto acervo da cultura universal constituiu-se num dos elementos vitais para a construção da poética narrativa de Jorge Luis Borges / This study compares the poetic mimesis of the Arabic-Islamic world, specially the book of tales The Arabian Nights, with the poetic mimesis of the American- Hispanic world in Jorge Luis Borges literary production. The anonymous literary composition The Arabian Nights became the main reference to speculate both the form and the narrative construction strategies as well as the thematic contents as a poetic creation of the Argentinian author. Due to the magnitude of the borgesian literary production, this study has only considered the book El Aleph (1946) and three narratives of El libro de arena (1975) El espejo y la máscara, Undr and El disco. As a result, the study proposes to state that the Arabic- Islamic Poetics, albeit a universal cultural patrimony, constituted itself in one of the vital elements to the construction of Jorge Luis Borges Narrative Poetics

As Noites [Alf layla wa-layla] foram primeiramente traduzidas e publicadas pelo orientalista francês Antoine Galland, no início do século XVIII. Em sua tradução, Galland não somente seguiu a concepção de sua época de adaptar a obra para o gosto francês como também inseriu novas histórias em sua versão que não pertenciam ao original, de modo que suas Les mille et une nuits não se constituíram como um retrato fiel das Noites árabes. E foi este trabalho que, encontrando um sucesso triunfal desde sua publicação, divulgou as histórias das Noites por todo o Ocidente, e inspirou novas produções literárias. No século XIX, muitos autores românticos buscaram o enriquecimento de sua imaginação nas cores do maravilhoso oriental, entre eles está Charles Nodier, que registrou seu interesse por Les mille et une nuits em seus textos teóricos e literários . Nesse sentido, no âmbito de um estudo comparado, é possível perceber que seu conto intitulado \"Les quatre talismans\" compartilha de determinadas semelhanças com as seguintes histórias de Les mille et une nuits: prólogo-moldura, \"Histoire du pêcheur\", \"Histoire du roi grec et du médecin Douban\", \"Histoire de trois calenders fils de rois et de cinq dames de Bagdad\", \"Histoire du seconde calender\", \"Histoire du petit bossu\", \"Histoire que raconta le marchand chrétien\" - todas elas traduzidas por Galland do manuscrito árabe das Noites -; \"Histoire d\'Aladdin\" e \"Histoire de l\'aveugle Baba-Abdalla\" - ambas ausentes das Noites, correspondendo, portanto, a inserções do orientalista em sua versão. Comparativamente, a análise de elementos, como a técnica narrativa, os temas e os motivos das histórias, atestam não somente as apropriações de Nodier a partir de Les mille et une nuits, mas também a própria originalidade do autor, que transforma o modelo das histórias provindas das Noites e das narrativas inseridas por Galland, criando, assim, um conto peculiar. / Nights [Alf layla wa-layla] were first translated and published by the French orientalist Antoine Galland in the beginning of the XVIII century. In his translation, Galland not only followed the conception of his time to adapt the literary work to the French taste, but also inserted new stories in its version that didn\'t belong to the original, so that his Les mille et une nuits didn\'t constitute a real portrait of the Arabian Nights. And was this literary work that, finding a triumphal success since its publication, disclosed the stories of Nights to the whole West, and inspired new literary productions. In the XIX century, many Romantic writers searched the enrichment of their imagination in the colors of the oriental wonder; among them is Charles Nodier, who registered his interest for Les mille et une nuits in many of his theoretical and literary texts. In this sense, in the field of the compared literature, it is possible to notice that his tale entitled \"Les quatre talismans\" shares some similarities with the following stories of Les mille et une nuits: prologue- frame, \" Histoire du pêcheur\", \"Histoire du roi grec et du médecin Douban\", \" Histoire de trois calenders fils de rois et de cinq dames de Bagdad\", \"Histoire du seconde calender\", \"Histoire du petit bossu\" , \"Histoire que raconta le marchand chrétien\" - all of them translated by Galland from the Arabian manuscript of Nights - \"Histoire d\'Aladdin\" and \"Histoire de l\'aveugle Baba-Abdalla\"- both absent in Nights, corresponding, therefore, insertions from the orientalist in his version. Comparatively, the analyses of elements, such as narrative technique, the themes and the reasons of the stories, certify not only the appropriation of Nodier from Les mille et une nuits, but also the originality of the author itself, that transforms the model of the stories from Nights and from the narratives inserted by Galland, criating, thus, a peculiar tale.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T13:42:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliana de Oliveira Gonçalves - 2011.pdf: 1424276 bytes, checksum: b954f24b36caae4d79b6ac04a845e5e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T13:43:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliana de Oliveira Gonçalves - 2011.pdf: 1424276 bytes, checksum: b954f24b36caae4d79b6ac04a845e5e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T13:43:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eliana de Oliveira Gonçalves - 2011.pdf: 1424276 bytes, checksum: b954f24b36caae4d79b6ac04a845e5e6 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-09 / This dissertation results from the research on the intertextuality as a dual mechanism, which applies to construction as well as the reception of literary texts, by reason of the discourse that it engenders in them. To reach this aim, the work sought first to understand the term intertextuality by the historic construction of its concept in the language phenomenon inner, under Mikhail Bakhtin perspective, and analyzed in several settings which acquired as object of theoretical studies in the linguistic and literary fields. The second movement focused on the aesthetic dimension of intertextuality in fictional text, as a phenomenon that has always been present in the literature, discriminated between several ways, that reflect the continuous resumption of what has been already said, and that has constantly a new sight in accordance with the specifications of each system; and that assumes determinative characteristic in contemporary art, considered postmodern. Thus, through comparative analysis of the novels Arraia de Fogo of José Mauro de Vasconcelos and Nove Noites of Bernardo de Carvalho, which allows putting into focus the theme of suicide, common to both of them, one can conclude that the thematic intertextuality that is around them feeds from lots of interdiscursive nuclei, contributing, therefore, to fill empty spaces through triggering the repertory composed in the memory of the reader, so that he can build the literary discourse meaning effects . / A presente dissertação resulta da pesquisa sobre a intertextualidade como um duplo mecanismo, que se aplica à construção assim como à recepção de textos literários, em razão do discurso que neles engendra. Para isso, o trabalho buscou primeiramente compreender o termo intertextualidade pelo expediente da construção histórica de seu conceito no interior do fenômeno da linguagem, sob o ponto de vista de Mikhail Bakhtin, e o analisou nas diversas configurações que adquiriu como objeto de estudos teóricos nos campos linguístico e literário. O segundo movimento focalizou a intertextualidade na dimensão estética do texto de ficção, como um fenômeno desde sempre presente na literatura, discriminado sob várias modalidades, as quais vêm refletir a contínua retomada do já dito, constantemente revestido de um novo olhar, em atendimento das especificações de cada sistema; e que assume característica determinante na arte contemporânea, considerada pós-modernista. Assim, mediante a análise comparativa dos romances Arraia de Fogo de José Mauro de Vasconcelos e Nove Noites de Bernardo de Carvalho, que possibilita pôr em foco o tema do suicídio, comum a ambos, pode-se concluir que a intertextualidade temática que os circunscreve alimenta-se de diversos núcleos interdiscursivos, contribuindo, com isso, para o preenchimento de espaços vazios por meio do acionamento do repertório constituído na memória do leitor, para com ele construir os efeitos de sentido do discurso literário.