Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-09-13T19:10:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscilla de Souza Porto - 2017.pdf: 2399135 bytes, checksum: 1bc18dafa2f5bb006c770faf2cc511d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-19T14:03:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscilla de Souza Porto - 2017.pdf: 2399135 bytes, checksum: 1bc18dafa2f5bb006c770faf2cc511d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T14:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscilla de Souza Porto - 2017.pdf: 2399135 bytes, checksum: 1bc18dafa2f5bb006c770faf2cc511d6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / INTRODUCTION: The insertion of the Central Peripheral Insertion Catheter (PICC) is a very common procedure in hospitalized patients and the nurse has the autonomy to indicate and perform the procedure, provided that she has received specific training. PURPOSE: to analyze the competence of nurses in relation to the use of PICC in hospitalized adult patients. METHODOLOGY: an exploratory descriptive study with a cross - sectional design and a qualitative approach carried out in a large public hospital, with 15 nurses working in hospitalization units of adult patients. The data were collected in an individual interview recorded on digital media or registered by the interviewer in writing at the time of its accomplishment and were analyzed by the content analysis of Bardin (2011). RESULTS: the results were presented in five categories: nurses' knowledge about the management of PICC, ability to use PICC, attitude/ adherence in the management of PICC, reasons for noncompliance with PICC use in adults, and suggestions for adherence to the use of PICC in adults. The majority of nurses do not have the competence to perform the PICC course. Nurses reported reasons for noncompliance with PICC and suggested ways to increase catheter use in adult patients outside intensive care units. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The majority of nurses still do not have competence to use the PICC. Very few have the necessary knowledge, the less they have developed the technical skill for their accomplishment, and none have demonstrated an attitude of acquiring that competence. It is necessary to invest in the training of health professionals and in the development of a more proactive attitude of nurses to increase their competencies to improve the quality of their care. / INTRODUÇÃO: a inserção do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica (PICC) é um procedimento muito comum em pacientes internados e o enfermeiro tem autonomia para indicar e realizar o procedimento, desde que tenha recebido treinamento específico. OBJETIVO: analisar a competência dos enfermeiros em relação ao uso do PICC em pacientes adultos internados. METODOLOGIA: estudo descritivo exploratório com delineamento transversal e abordagem qualitativa realizado em um hospital público de grande porte, com 15 enfermeiros que trabalham em unidades de internação de pacientes adultos. Os dados foram colhidos em entrevista individual gravada em mídia digital ou registrada pela entrevistadora por escrito no momento de sua realização e foram submetidos à análise de conteúdos de Bardin (2011). RESULTADOS: os resultados são apresentados em cinco categorias: conhecimento do enfermeiro quanto ao manejo do PICC, habilidade para o uso do PICC, atitude/adesão ao manejo do PICC, motivos para não adesão ao uso do PICC em adultos e sugestões para adesão ao uso do PICC em adultos. A maioria dos enfermeiros não possui competência para realização da passagem do PICC. Os enfermeiros apresentaram motivos da não adesão ao uso do PICC e sugeriram diversas condutas para o aumento do uso do cateter em pacientes adultos fora das unidades de terapia intensiva. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: a maioria dos enfermeiros ainda não possuem competência para uso do PICC. Muito poucos possuem o conhecimento necessário, menos ainda desenvolveram a habilidade técnica para sua realização e nenhum demonstrou atitude de adquirir essa competência. É necessário investir na formação dos profissionais de saúde e no desenvolvimento de uma atitude mais proativa dos enfermeiros no sentido de incrementar suas competências para melhorar a qualidade de sua assistência.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The purpose of this research project was to assess the safety and efficacy of a combination of drugs for conscious sedation in patients undergoing office-based plastic and reconstructive surgery. A pilot study was done to determine the safety of the co-administration of the drugs used in the sedation technique. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / This study was done to show that sedation is a safe and a viable option in young children. Dental procedures were done on children aged two to ten years. Two hundred children were included in the study. In all of these children the procedures were completed. Only two children were excluded, because an intravenous line could not be placed on the one child, and the other child was unmanageable under sedation. The safety of sedation was evaluated looking at the incidence of adverse events and complications. No serious adverse effects or complications occurred. The complications that occurred were all corrected with minimal or non-invasive interventions. Only six of the two hundred children required oxygen to correct a drop in oxygen saturation.

Le système endocannabinoïde (SEC) est composé : de deux neurotransmetteurs principaux qui sont l’anandamide (AEA) et le 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), de deux enzymes de catabolisme associées, respectivement la Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) et la Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL); et de deux récepteurs principaux qui sont les récepteurs cannabinoïdes de type 1 (CB1) et de type 2 (CB2). Le SEC exerce un rôle critique dans le contrôle des propriétés récompensantes des substances addictives, dont la nicotine. Cependant, le SEC possède un mode de fonctionnement biphasique et complexe. Par exemple, alors que les propriétés renforçantes et incitatrices de la nicotine sont diminuées par le blocage aigu des récepteurs CB1, le comportement de recherche de nicotine peut également être bloqué par l’augmentation aigüe du tonus endocannabinoïde (eCB). Par ailleurs, les essais cliniques suggèrent que le traitement chronique avec l’antagoniste des récepteurs CB1 produit des effets secondaires liés à l’état émotionnel des fumeurs abstinents. Ces résultats indiquent clairement, que l’utilisation optimale de la pharmacologie cannabinoïde pour le traitement chronique du sevrage tabagique reste compliquée et encore mal maitrisée. Le but de ce travail de thèse était d’abord de préciser le rôle des récepteurs CB1 dans le contrôle aigu des propriétés addictives de la nicotine, puis de déterminer le rôle de l’AEA dans le contrôle à long terme des propriétés incitatives de la nicotine. L’hypothèse générale était que la prise volontaire de nicotine, puis le traitement chronique avec un inhibiteur de la FAAH, produiraient une augmentation de l’AEA persistante chez le rat abstinent. Celle-ci aurait 2 conséquences : d’une part la réduction du comportement de recherche de nicotine, et d’autre part le développement d’un état anxieux généralisé indépendant de la transmission via les récepteurs CB1. Pour tester cette hypothèse, des rats ont été exposés à l’auto-administration intraveineuse de nicotine pendant 8 semaines puis mis en abstinence pendant 8 semaines. Pendant cette seconde période, les animaux ont été injectés quotidiennement avec un inhibiteur de la FAAH et nous avons caractérisé le comportement de recherche de nicotine et l’état émotionnel de ces rats. Les résultats ont d’abord montré une grande variabilité inter-individuelle dans la prise volontaire de nicotine, nous avons pu identifier des rats à faible consommation (« low consumers ») et des rats à forte consommation (« high consumers »). Il semble que l’inhibition chronique de la FAAH bloque significativement la rechute induite par la drogue et par les stimuli environnementaux chez les « low consumers » abstinents, et reste sans conséquence sur l’état émotionnel des rats. En revanche chez les « high consumers », l’inhibition de la FAAH bloque uniquement la rechute induite par la nicotine et ces animaux restent sensibles aux effets précipitants des stimuli environnementaux. Par ailleurs, ils développent un état anxieux modéré qui n’est pas bloqué par le traitement avec un antagoniste des récepteurs CB1. Ces données suggèrent donc que chez les « high consumers » abstinents, il existe un excès d’AEA qui cible des circuits différents pour moduler les propriétés incitatrices de la nicotine et l’anxiété. En conclusion, cette étude montre que l’inhibiteur de FAAH pourrait être un outil thérapeutique adapté au traitement de l’addiction à la nicotine si l’on prend en compte la variabilité inter-individuelle rencontrée dans la consommation abusive de nicotine. / The endogenous cannabinoid system, also called the endocannabinoid system (ECS), comprises two principal neurotransmitters: anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), whose specific degradation enzymes are fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), respectively. Both AEA and 2-AG bind to cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors. The ECS is a key element for the expression of both natural and pharmacological reward processes, including nicotine reward. However, the biphasic and complex nature of the ECS renders it a difficult system to study. For example, although acute blockade of CB1 receptors reduces the reinforcing and incentive properties of nicotine, it has also been demonstrated that an acute increase of AEA (CB1 agonist) blocks nicotine-seeking behavior. The aim of the present work is twofold: first, to better characterize the neural substrates through which CB1 receptors regulate the voluntary intake of nicotine; and second, to determine the effect of a chronic increase of AEA tone in nicotine-abstinent rats on i) their persistent motivation for nicotine and ii) their affective phenotype. The hypothesis tested here is that chronic treatment with a FAAH inhibitor after chronic exposure to nicotine will induce a large and persistent increase of AEA during a period of nicotine abstinence. Subsequently, high levels of AEA would reduce the incentive properties of nicotine and nicotine-related stimuli, thus reducing nicotine seeking, and it would also promote high levels of anxiety which might be CB1-independent. In order to test this hypothesis, rats were exposed to nicotine (60 µg/kg/0.1 ml) intravenous self-administration (IVSA) for 8 weeks, after which they remained nicotine-free until the end of the experiment. During the period of abstinence, animals were injected daily with a FAAH inhibitor for 8 weeks (URB597, 0.3 mg/kg i.p.), and both their motivation for nicotine and their affective profile were assessed. Animals were classified into “low consumers” and “high consumers” since a high degree of inter-individual variability was observed in the total amount of nicotine taken over the 8-week IVSA period. We show that in the “low consumers”, chronic FAAH inhibition dramatically reduces nicotine seeking behavior and cue-related incentive salience, and does not induce anxiety-related side-effects during abstinence. In the “high consumers”, however, chronic FAAH inhibition reduces nicotine seeking but not cue-related incentive salience, and causes an increase in anxiety-like behaviors that are not blocked by a CB1 receptor antagonist. These data suggest that in the population of “high consumers”, the effects of increased AEA tone on motivation and anxiety might be mediated by different neuronal circuits. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of chronic FAAH inhibition as an important therapeutic tool for the treatment of nicotine addiction in subjects with a moderate nicotine intake.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / In this case study research project I have determined that multidrug sedation in children younger than eight years are possible.Conscious sedation [or sedation where verbal contact with the patient is possible] can be used successfully to decrease anxiety and fear for unpleasant experiences, like dental procedures. Behaviour therapy in conjunction with one or more drugs can be used to depress the central nervous system in order to decrease the patient’s awareness of unpleasant stimuli. This enables treatment to be carried out without patient interference. Extensive literature surveys were done to determine the ideal drugs as well as the ideal route for conscious sedation in dental treatment for children. In this study project drugs like midazolam, propofol, alfentanyl and ketamine were titrated intravenously to achieve conscious sedation. / South Africa

Os esteróides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) aumentam a massa muscular e o desempenho físico. O uso abusivo de EAA leva a uma grande diminuição da concentração de HDL-C, podendo ocorrer um aumento nas concentrações de LDL-C e triglicérides. Os efeitos dos EAA na cinética plasmática das lipoproteínas que transportam os lípides da dieta, na circulação sanguínea, os quilomícrons e seus produtos de lipólise, os quilomícrons remanescentes, não foram avaliados e podem estar relacionados com o processo aterosclerótico. No presente estudo, foram estudados 12 indivíduos que realizam exercício de força localizada e admitem fazer uso de EAA (grupo Musculação+EAA), 16 indivíduos que também realizam exercício de força localizada, porém não fazem uso de EAA (grupo Musculação) e 18 indivíduos sedentários e normolipidêmicos (grupo Sedentário). A emulsão de quilomícrons artificiais, marcada com triglicérides radioativos (TG-3H) e éster de colesterol radioativo (EC-14C), foi injetada endovenosamente e amostras de sangue foram colhidas durante intervalos de tempo préestabelecidos. As curvas de decaimento plasmático dos lípides radioativos da emulsão foram traçadas e as taxas fracionais de remoção (TFR) foram calculadas por meio de análise compartimental. A TFR-EC do grupo Musculação+EAA apresentou-se diminuída comparando-se aos grupos Sedentário e Musculação (0,0073± 0,0079 min -1, 0,0155± 0,0100 min -1, 0,0149± 0,0160 min -1, respectivamente; p< 0,05), enquanto que as TFR-TG foram similares. As concentrações plasmáticas de LDL-C foram maiores no grupo Musculação+EAA comparando-se com os grupos Sedentário e Musculação (143±54,101±31, 111±52 mg/dL, respectivamente; p=0,047). As concentrações plasmáticas de HDL-C e de apolipoproteína A1 foram menores no grupo Musculação+EAA quando comparados aos grupos Sedentário e Musculação (HDL-C= 22±13; 41±7; 38±13 mg/dL, respectivamente; p<0,001 e apo A1= 88±50; 156±35; 140±24 mg/dL, respectivamente; p<0,001). As curvas de geração de ácidos graxos livres originados pela hidrólise de triglicérides radioativos dos quilomícrons artificiais na circulação sanguínea foram similares entre os grupos estudados. A atividade da lipase hepática foi maior no grupo Musculação+EAA, comparando-se aos grupos Sedentário e Musculação (7243±1822; 3898±1232; 2058±749, respectivamente; p<0,001), enquanto que a atividade da lipase lipoprotéica não diferiu. O diâmetro da HDL e concentração de triglicérides presentes na HDL também foram similares nos três grupos estudados. / Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) increase muscle mass and physical performance. Abusive use of AAS has led to a significant reduction of HDL-C concentration in the plasma, which in turn can cause lead to an increase in LDL-C and trigliceride concentrations. The effects of steroids on lipoprotein plasmatic kinetics which transport diet lipids in the blood, the chilomicrons and its lypolisis products, chilomicron reminiscents have not yet been studied and can be contributing factors to the ateroclesrosis process. In this study 12 local weight lifters and admitted steroid users (AAS group), 16 local weight lifters but nonsteroids use (non-user group) and 18 sedentary and normolipidemic individuals (control group) were studied. The artificial chilomicron emulsion, marked with radioactive triglyceride (3H-TG) and radioactive oleate cholesterol (14C-OC) were injected interveneously and blood samples collected during pre-established time intervals. The plasmatic decay curve of the radioactive lipids of the emulsion was traced and fractional clearance rate was calculated (FCR) through compartamental analysis. The FCR-OC of the AAS group when compared to the control and nonuser groups was reduced (0,0073±0,0079 min -1,0,0155±0,0100 min -1, 0,0149± 0,0160 min -1, respectivelly; p< 0,05), while FCR-TG were similar. The LDL-C plasmatic concentration were higher in the AAS group when compared to control and non-user groups (143±54,101±31, 111±52 mg/dL, respectivelly; p=0,047). The HDL-C plasmatic concentration and the apolipoprotein A1 were lower in the AAS group when compared control and non-user groups (HDL-C: 22±13; 41±7; 38±13 mg/dL, respectivelly; p<0,001 e apo A1: 88±50; 156±35; 140±24 mg/dL,respectivelly; p<0,001). No difference was observed of the area under the fatty acid generated curve. Hepatic lipase activity was greater in the AAS group when compared to control and the non-user groups (7243±1822; 3898±1232; 2058±749, respectivelly; p<0,001). However, no difference was observed for lipoproteic lipase activity. The analisys of HDL size and triglyceride concentration in HDL were similar for all three groups.

<p>The medication errors associated with intravenous (IV) administration may cause severe patient harm. To address this issue, smart infusion pumps now include a built-in dose error reduction system (DERS) to help ensure the safety of IV administration in clinical settings. However, a drug limit alert triggered by DERS may be overridden by the practitioners which can potentially cause patient harm, especially for high-risk medications. Most analytical measures used to estimate the associated risk of harm are frequency-based and only consider the overall drug performance rather than the severity impact from individual alerts. Unlike these other measures, the IV medication harm index attempts to quantify risk of harm for individual alerts. However, it is not known how well these measures describe the risk associated with alert-overridden scenarios. The goal of this research was (1) to quantitatively measure the risk for simulated individual alert-overridden infusions, (2) to compare these assessments against the risk scores obtained among four different analytical methods, and (3) to propose better risk quantification methods with a higher correlation to risk benchmarks than traditional measures, such as the IV Harm index. </p> <p>In this study, 25 domain experts (20 pharmacists and 5 nurses) were recruited to assess the risk (adjusted for risk benchmarks) for representative scenarios created based on hospital alert data. Four analytical methods were applied to quantify risk for the scenarios: the linear mixed models (Method A), the IV harm index (Method B), Huang and Moh’s matrix-based ranking method matrix-based method (Method C), and the analytical hierarchy process method, adjusted by linear mixed models (Method D). Method A used seven alert factors (identified as key risk factors) to build models for risk prediction, and Methods B and C used two out of seven factors to obtain risk scores. Method D used pairwise comparison surveys to calculate the risk priorities. The quantified scores from the four methods were evaluated in comparison to the risk benchmarks.</p> <p>Risk assessment results from the domain experts indicated that overdosing scenarios with continuous and bolus dose field limit types had significantly higher risks than those of bolus dose rate type. About the soft limit type, the expected risk in the group with a large soft maximum limit was significantly higher than the group with a small soft maximum limit. This significant difference could be found in the adult intensive care unit (AICU), but not in adult medical/surgical care unit (AMSU). The comparisons between four analytical methods and risk benchmarks showed that the risk scores from Method A (<i>ρ</i> = 0.94) and Method D (<i>ρ </i>= 0.87) were highly correlated to the risk benchmarks. The risk scores derived from Method B and Method C did not have a positive correlation with the benchmarks.</p> <p>This study demonstrated that the traditional IV harm index should include more risk factors, along with their interaction effects, for increased correlation with risk benchmarks. Furthermore, the linear mixed models and the adjusted AHP method allow for better risk quantification methods where the quantified scores most correlated with the benchmarks. These methods can provide risk-based analytical support to evaluate alert overrides of four high-risk medications, propofol, morphine, insulin, and heparin in the settings of adult intensive care unit (AICU) and adult medical/surgical care unit (AMSU). We believe that healthcare systems can use these analytical methods to efficiently identify the riskiest medication-care unit combinations (e.g. propofol in AICU), and reduce medication error/harm associated with infusions to enhance patient safety.</p> <p> </p>

Background: The daily nursing work includes managing of peripheral intravenous catheter, PIVC. It is the most widely used medical device and often the cause of healthcare associated infections. The most common procedure for inpatients care and used to provide fluid, medication, nutrition, or blood products. Aim: Describe nurses practice of use and management of PIVC. Method: Literature study based on 10 scientific articles worldwide. Results: Presents two themes: “Preparation and inplacement” and “Maintenance and aftercare”. Conclusion: The authors concluded that there were consistent shortcomings in the nursing of PIVC management. The aspects that the study data could demonstrate as factors for lack of care were stress, finances/availability of materials, and knowledge. / Bakgrund: I det dagliga omvårdnadsarbetet ingår hantering av perifer venkateter, PVK. Det är den mest använda medicintekniska produkten och ofta orsak till vårdrelaterade infektioner. Det vanligaste ingreppet för patienter som vårdas i slutenvården och används för att ge vätska, läkemedel, näring eller blodprodukter. Syfte: Beskriva sjuksköterskors hantering av PVK. Metod: Litterarutstudie baserad på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar världen runt. Resultat: Redovisar två teman: ”Förberedande och insättning” och ”Underhåll och eftervård” Slutsats: Författarna kom fram till att det fanns genomgående brister inom omvårdnaden av PVK hantering. De aspekter som studiens data kunde påvisa som faktorer för bristande omvårdnaden var stress, ekonomi/tillgänglighet till material, samt kunskap.

Bakgrund: Långvarigt drogbruk leder till negativa fysiologiska och psykologiska konsekvenser. Samsjuklighet, stigmatisering och abstinens är några anledningar till att patientgruppen fortsätter sitt drogbruk. Droginjicering är en av orsakerna till att blodsmittor sprids i samhället. Sprututbytesprogrammet är riktat till personer med intravenöst drogberoende och erbjuder remittering, sprututbyte, samtalskontakt och antidotpreparat. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av skadereduktion och påverkan påriskbeteende genom deltagande på sprututbytesprogrammet. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie utgjordes av tio kvalitativa originalartiklar som analyserades tematiskt. Resultat: Tre huvudteman och sex subteman identifierades. Minskat riskbeteende med subtema egenvårdsförmåga och hjälp från flera håll. Ökad relationsbyggnad med subtema hälsofrämjande verksamhet och vårdmötet. Begränsade resurser med subtema fortsatt stigmatisering och när drogberoendet tar överhand. Slutsats: Sprututbytesprogrammet ökarkunskapen om riskbeteende, egenvårdsförmågan och hälsofrämjande livsstilsförändringar. Behandling, utbildning och en känsla av trygghet är viktiga komponenter för konsekvent deltagande på Sprututbytesprogrammet. Verksamheten ökar självkänslan hos patientgruppen till skillnad från annan hälso- och sjukvård och bidrar till att minska sociala klyftor mellan patientgruppen och övriga samhället. Fortsatt stigmatisering och strukturella hinder gör patientgruppen skör vilket belyser behovet av vidare forskning och utbildning för att kunna möta deras vårdbehov. / Background: Addictive disorders lead to negative physiological and psychological consequences. Comorbidity, stigmatization and abstinence are reasons for continued drug use. Intravenous drug use contributes to the spread of blood-borne diseases. The needle-exchange program targets intravenous drug users and offers referrals, needle-exchange, counselling and naloxone. Aim: The purpose was to describe patients' experience of harm reduction and the impact on risk behavior through participation in the syringe exchange program. Method: A literature study based on ten original qualitative articles that were thematically analysed. Result: Three main themes and six sub-themes were identified. Positive life-style change with sub-themes self-care ability and help from different directions. Relationship building with sub-themes health-promotion operations and care meeting. Limited resources with sub-themes continued stigmatization and when drug addiction takes over. Conclusion: Needle-exchange increase patients’ knowledge of risk behaviour, self-care, and positive life-style changes. Treatment, education, and safety are components for continued participation. The program increases self-esteem, and helps reduce the social divide between people with drug addiction and the rest of society. Our research revealed that there are obstacles to consider. Continued stigma and structural barriers make the patients fragile, which highlights the need for continued research and education to be able to meet their care needs.

Bakgrund: Flebit och tromboflebit har visat sig vara vanligt förekommande kärlkomplikationer av en perifer venkateter (PVK). Flebit beskrivs som en lokal inflammation av kärlväggen, som kan ha förekomst av trombosbildning och kallas då tromboflebit. Att etablera och upprätthålla en PVK är en vanlig arbetsuppgift för anestesisjuksköterskan och god kunskap om förebyggande omvårdnadsåtgärder för flebit/tromboflebit anses nödvändigt. Ett välfungerande kvalitetsarbete beskrivs som viktigt då flebit/tromboflebit leder till ökad kostnad för vården, förlängd vårdtid samt ett lidande för patienten. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som har visat sig minska risken för flebit/tromboflebit vid insättande samt användning av perifer venkateter, hos vuxna patienter som vårdas på sjukhus. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie baserat på en syntes av artiklar med kvantitativ ansats och experimentell design. Sökning av vetenskapliga artiklar gjordes i databasen MEDLINE. Totalt inkluderades 13 artiklar, publicerade år 2012–2020, för kvalitetsgranskning, vilket genomfördes utifrån Joanna Briggs “Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials”. Huvudresultat: De två artiklarna som berörde omvårdnadsåtgärder vid insättande av PVK visade inte på någon effekt av interventionerna. Samtliga tretton artiklar berörde användning av PVK, varav sex artiklar visade statistisk signifikans i sina resultat gällande att injektionslås, filter för injektion/infusion och hudbehandlingar har positiva effekter för att förebygga flebit/tromboflebit. Slutsats: Injektionslås, filter för injektion/infusion samt hudbehandlingar visade sig minska risken för flebit/tromboflebit vid användning av PVK, men används inte inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård. Det ses en brist i kvantitativa studier med experimentell design och systematiska litteraturstudier med metaanalys som sammanställer preventiva omvårdnadsåtgärder specifikt för flebit/tromboflebit. Därför rekommenderas vidare forskning för att implementera ett bredare spektrum inom detta område med avseende att öka patientens komfort. / Background: Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis are common vascular complications of a peripheral venous catheter (PVC). Phlebitis is described as a local inflammation of the vascular wall, which could have occurrence of thrombosis and is then called thrombophlebitis. Establishing and maintaining a PVC is a common work task for the nurse anesthetist and good knowledge of preventive care for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis is considered necessary. A well-functioning quality work was described as important due to that phlebitis/thrombophlebitis lead to an increased cost of care, extended care time and suffering for the patient. Aim: The aim was to describe which nursing interventions have been shown to reduce the risk of phlebitis/thrombophlebitis at insertion and use of peripheral venous catheter, in adult patients being hospitalized. Method: Systematic literature review based on a synthesis of articles with quantitative approach and experimental design. Search for scientific articles was made in the MEDLINE database. A total of 13 articles, published in 2012–2020, were included for quality review, which was based on Joanna Briggs” Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials”. Main result: The two articles which concerned insertion of PVC showed no significant results. All thirteen articles concerned use of PVC, of which six articles showed statistical significance in their results that injection locks, filters for injection/infusion and skin treatments have positive effects on preventing phlebitis/thrombophlebitis. Conclusion: Injection locks, filters for injection/infusion and skin treatments have been found to reduce the risk for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis when using PVC, but it is not used in Swedish health care. There is a lack of quantitative studies with experimental design and systematic literature studies with meta-analysis that compile preventive nursing interventions specifically for phlebitis/thrombophlebitis. Therefore, further research is recommended to implement a broader spectrum in this area to increase patient comfort.