Classical orthogonal and oblique cutting are the fundamental material removal or machining processes to which other practical machining processes can be related in the study and modelling of the machining processes. In the last century, a large amount of research and development work has been done to study and understand the various machining processes with a view to improving the processes for further economic (cost and productivity) gains. However, many aspects of the cutting processes and cutting performance remains to be fully understood in order to increase the cutting capability and optimize the cutting processes; in particular, there is little study to understand the effects of the inevitable tool wear on the machining processes. This thesis includes an extensive literature review on the mechanics of cutting analysis. Considerable work has been carried out in past decades on the fundamental analysis of 'sharp' tool cutting. Although some work has been reported on the effects of tool flank wear on the cutting performance, there is a general lack of the fundamental study of the effects of the flank wear on the basic cutting or chip formation process. It has been well documented that tool flank wear results in an increase in the cutting forces. However, it was not known if this force increase is a result of the change in the chip formation process, and/or the rubbing or ploughing forces between the tool flank and the workpiece. In work carried out since the early 1980s, the effects of the so-called edge forces have been considered when the tool is not absolutely sharp. Little has been reported to further develop fundamental cutting theories to understand applications to more relevant the practical situation, i.e. to consider the tool wear effects. Based on the findings of the literature review, an experimental investigation is presented in the first part of the thesis to study the effects of tool flank wear on the basic cutting or chip formation process by examining the basic cutting variables and performance in the orthogonal cutting process with tool flank wear. The effects of tool flank wear on the basic cutting variables are discussed by a comprehensive analysis of the experimental data. It has been found that tool flank wear does not affect the basic cutting variables (i.e. shear angle, friction angle and shear stress). It is therefore deduced that the flank wear does not affect the basic chip formation process in the shear zone and in the tool-chip interface. The study also finds that tool flank wear causes an increase in the total cutting forces, as can be expected and such an increase is entirely a result of the rubbing or ploughing forces on the tool wearland. The significance of this finding is that the well-developed machining theories for 'sharp' tools can be used in modelling the machining processes when tool flank wear is present, rather than study the machining process and develop machining theories from scratch. The ploughing forces can be modelled for incorporation into the overall cutting force prediction. The experimental study also allows for the forces on the wearland (or wearland force) and edge forces to be separated from the total measured forces. The wearland force and edge force models are developed in empirical form for force prediction purpose. In addition, a database for the basic cutting variables or quantities is established for use in modelling the cutting forces. The orthogonal cutting force model allowing for the effects of flank wear is developed and verified by the experimental data. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanics of cutting in the oblique cutting process is then carried out. Based on this analysis, predictive cutting force models for oblique cutting allowing for the effects of flank wear are proposed. The wearland force and edge force are re-considered by analysing the oblique cutting process and the geometrical relation. The predictive force models are qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by oblique cutting tests. It shows that the model predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The modelling approach is then used to develop the cutting force models for a more general machining process, turning operation. By using the concept of an equivalent cutting edge, the tool nose radius is allowed for under both orthogonal and oblique cutting conditions. The wearland forces and edge forces are taken into consideration by the integration of elemental forces on the tool flank and the cutting edge, respectively. The cutting forces in turning operations are successfully predicted by using the basic cutting quantity database established in the orthogonal cutting analysis. The models are verified by turning operation tests. It shows that the model predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. The major findings, research impacts and practical implications of the research are finally highlighted in the conclusion. The modelling approach considering the flank wear effects in the classical orthogonal and oblique cutting and turning operations can be readily extended to other machining operations, such as drilling and milling.

Partant de l'hypothèse d'un mouvement global d'inclusion des signes de ponctuation dans le système de la langue, prenant appui sur une grammaticalisation, ce travail envisage l'élément ponctuant comme un véritable signe de langue écrite, soit un ponctème auquel il est possible de conférer une valeur différentielle et une signification, par la confrontation d'un signifiant graphique et d'un signifié.Nous proposons une étude linguistique du point de suspension, signe complexe, polyvalent, traditionnellement doté de propriétés antithétiques et d'innombrables fonctions. En ayant soin de distinguer le niveau sémiotique du niveau sémantique et métasémantique, nous définissons le ponctème comme le « signe du latent » dont l'interprétation peut être synthétisée en trois réalisations (suppression, suspension, supplémentation) qui sont le support d'enjeux syntaxique, sémantique, énonciatif majeurs.La valeur, réflexive, intrinsèquement contestataire, de la latence permet alors d'envisager les différentes réalisations discursives du ponctème, dans le discours littéraire, journalistique ou encore métalinguistique (imaginaire) ; elle offre la possibilité d'appréhender, dans une perspective poétique (stylistique, générique, socio-historique, épistémologique), un genre de discours qui transcende l'opposition entre discours littéraire et non-littéraire. Depuis son apparition et son utilisation dans le théâtre imprimé français (XVIIe siècle) jusqu'aux nombreux usages contemporains dans divers genres de discours, l'idéogramme du latent, mi-dire faisant apparaître une possible apparition, est un signe dont la valeur labile, excessive, infinissant le sens, procède fondamentalement d'un discours oblique. / This work assumes the inclusion of punctuation in the system of the language, motivated by grammaticalization. It considers ponctuation mark as a real sign of written language, a ''ponctème'' to which it is possible to confer a differential value and a meaning, by the confrontation of a graphic signifier and a signified. We present a linguistic study of the suspension point, a complex and versatile sign, traditionally endowed with antithetical properties and with uncountable functions. By distinguishing the semiotic level from the semantic and metasemantic level, we define the ''ponctème'' as the sign of latency, which can be discursively interpreted as 1) suppression 2) suspension 3) supplementation. The reflexive value of latency allows us to account for the various discursive constructions of the sign, in the literary, journalistic or else metalinguistic discourses. It offers the possibility of considering in the perspective of poetics a genre of discourse which transcends the opposition between literary and non-literary discourse. From its first use in the french printed theater of the XVIIth century to todays's uses in numerous kinds of discourse, this ideogram of latency (making appear a possible appearance) is a sign whose unstable, transgressive, excessive value is closely related to an oblique discourse.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 488644 bytes, checksum: cfa40ce443721729f5648cc16dcec63d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this dissertation we did a complete review of the StandardModel(SM), emphasizing the weak interactions, this in order to treat an extension of theMP with addition of a doublet of scalar theory, known in the literature asModel with Two Higgs doublets (2HDM). We will treat this model from the point of view of both aspects: when two doublets develop the expected value of the vacuum(vev) and when only one develops doublets vev, utilize the potential of 2HDM does not violate CP. These two models are particularly important because they are quite simple and can solve some problems that are open in Physics, one of the most important is the dark matter (DM). Furthermore, we will use the formalism of oblique parameters, radiative corrections involving first order, to parameterize the effects of New Physics (NP). We will present the phenomenology to obtain 2HDMI and regions that are in agreement with the experimental data. / Nesta dissertação fizemos uma revisão completa doModelo Padrão (MP), dando ênfase as interações fracas, isto com o intuito de tratarmos de uma extensão do MP com adição de um dubleto de escalar a teoria, conhecida na literatura como Modelo com Dois Dubletos de Higgs(2HDM)1. Iremos tratar deste modelo sob o ponto de vista de dois aspectos: quando os dois dubletos desenvolvem valor esperado do vácuo(vev) e quando apenas um dos dubletos desenvolve vev, utilizamos o potencial do 2HDM que não viola CP. Particularmente, esses dois modelos são importantes porque eles são bastante simples e podemresolver alguns problemas que estão emaberto na Física, um dosmais importantes é amatéria escura(ME). Além disso, iremos utilizar o formalismo de parâmetros oblíquos, que envolve correções radiativas de primeira ordem, para parametrizar os efeitos da Nova Física(NF). Apresentaremos a fenomenologia para o 2HDMI e obteremos as regiões que estão de acordo com os dados experimentais.

Cette thèse porte sur le développement et la validation des traitements acoustiques performants pour les nacelles des turboréacteurs, l’étude et la modélisation des liners sous hauts niveaux acoustiques avec écoulement d’air rasant et l’optimisation des technologies et propriétés des liners pour une meilleure réduction du bruit. Un nouveau modèle d’impédance acoustique basé sur l’approche du fluide équivalent a été proposé pour les plaques micro-perforées couplées à une cavité d’air ou à un milieu poreux. Le modèle proposé a été validé numériquement et expérimentalement et l’effet des hauts niveaux de pression sur les caractéristiques acoustiques des liners a été démontré. Une analyse de sensibilité a été réalisée pour évaluer les impacts des paramètres entre autres le diamètre de perforation, l’épaisseur de la plaque, le taux de perforation, la profondeur de la cavité, la résistance par unité de surface de l’écran résistif, le niveau de pression et le nombre de Mach sur les propriétés acoustiques des liners à un et deux degrés de liberté ainsi que les liners avec écrans résistifs. La technologie des liners avec écrans résistifs intégrés dans la cavité d’air ou collés sur les plaques micro-perforées a été étudiée et la contribution des écrans dans l’amélioration des performances d’atténuation acoustique des liners a été démontrée numériquement et expérimentalement. Ensuite, on modélise les liners en incidence rasante en proposant une approche analytique basée sur le développement limité en séries de Taylor pour déterminer le nombre d’onde complexe d’une conduite acoustique traitée par les matériaux absorbants. Enfin, on étudie la réponse acoustique des liners en incidence oblique.

Observations of floral development indicate that floral organ initiation in pentapetalous flowers more commonly results in a medially positioned abaxial petal (MAB) than in a medially positioned adaxial petal (MAD), where the medial plane is defined by the stem and the bract during early floral development. It was proposed that the dominant MAB petal initiation might impose a developmental constraint that leads to the evolution of limited patterns of floral zygomorphy in Asteridae, a family in which the floral zygomorphy develops along the medial plane and results in a central ventral (CV) petal in mature flowers. Here, I investigate whether the pattern of floral organ initiation may limit patterns of floral zygomorphy to evolve in pentapetalous angiosperms. I analyzed floral diagrams representing 405 species in 330 genera of pentapetalous angiosperms to reconstruct the evolution of floral organ initiation and the evolution of developmental processes that give rise to floral zygomorphy on a phylogenetic framework. Results indicate that MAB petal initiation is the most common; it occupies 86.2% of diversity and represents the ancestral state of floral organ initiation in pentapetalous angiosperms. The MAD petal initiation evolved 28 times independently from the ancestral MAB petal initiation. Among the 34 independent originations of floral zygomorphy, 76.5% of these clades represent MAB petal initiation, among which only 47% of the clades result a CV petal in mature flowers. The discrepancy is explained by the existence of developmental processes that result in floral zygomorphy along oblique planes of floral symmetry in addition to along the medial plane. Findings suggest that although the early floral organ initiation plays a constraining role to the evolution of patterns of floral zygomorphy, the constraint diverges along phylogenetically distantly related groups that allow the independent originations of floral zygomorphy through distinct development processes in pentapetalous angiosperms. In additional study, the butterfly-like flowers of Schizanthus are adapted to pollination by bees, hummingbirds, and moths. I investigated the genetic basis of the zygomorphic corolla, for which development is key to the explosive pollen release mechanism found in the species of Schizanthus adapted to bee pollinators. I examined differential gene expression profiles across the zygomorphic corolla of Schizanthus pinnatus, a bee-pollinated species, by analyzing RNA transcriptome sequencing (RNA- seq). Data indicated that CYC2 is not expressed in the zygomorphic corolla of Sc. pinnatus, suggesting CYC2 is not involved in the development of floral zygomorphy in Schizanthus (Solanaceae). The data also indicated that a number of genes are differentially expressed across the corolla.

Les droits et actions attachés à la personne se manifestent en des domaines variés. Exceptions à l'action oblique et à certaines règles des procédures collectives, ils constituent également des biens propres dans la communauté légale. Cette hétérogénéité de leur utilisation conduit à s'interroger sur l'existence d'une véritable notion juridique. La comparaison des différentes prérogatives entre elles, rendue possible par l'existence d'enjeux communs, conduit à constater l'existence d'une telle notion. Son identification peut alors être entreprise. Marquée par une subjectivité la rendant difficilement appréhendable, la notion peut pourtant être approchée, précisée et construite.L'étude de l'objet de l'attache à la personne conduit quant à elle à constater l'existence d'une distinction constante entre aptitude à exercer et résultat découlant de cet exercice. Cette distinction, qui se confond avec la distinction du titre et de la finance, permet alors de révéler le domaine réel des droits et actions attachés à la personne. Englobant les droits extrapatrimoniaux qu'ils réunissent au sein du patrimoine, ils apparaissent même à l'origine des droits patrimoniaux non attachés à la personne. Ils conduisent alors à réorganiser l'ensemble des droits subjectifs. / The expression “rights and actions attached to the holder” is used in several fields of the private law. Exceptions to the indirect action and to some rules of the liquidation, they are also exclusives properties in the matrimony. This heterogeneity of use leads us to wonder about the existence of a true juridical notion. Its existence can be found by comparing the different prerogatives and their different relations. It is then possible to identify the notion. Even if the subjectivity of the notion can make it difficult to comprehend, however it can be approached, specified and shaped.As for the study of the object of the attach to the person, it leads us to observe the existence of a constant distinction between the ability to exercise and its result. This distinction, that merges with the distinction of the deed and the finance, can then reveal the real domain of the rights and actions attached to the holder. Gathering within the patrimony the extrapatrimonial rights, they even appear to be at the origin of the rights non-attached to the holder and lead to reorganize all subjective rights.

Orientador: Antonio Dalla Pria Bankoff / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T15:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_AntonioCarlosde_M.pdf: 2844805 bytes, checksum: 97f55be09fef913d0c5df2f3fe4bbc41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar através da eletromiografia os músculos reto abdominal -porções supra e infra-umbilical; oblíquo externo ¿ porções anterior e posterior, em crianças na faixa etária de 08 a 10 anos, praticantes de ginástica artística e ginástica rítmica desportiva em nível de treinamento e de aprendizado, durante a execução de exercícios abdominais na posição de decúbito dorsal, no solo e com prancha. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo, Grupo I - 10 crianças treinadas, e Grupo II - 19 crianças de aprendizado. As integrantes do Grupo I treinam em média 5 vezes por semana e as do Grupo 11 treinam 2 vezes por semana. Os exercícios analisados foram: solo - elevação das pernas a 30 cm, 20 cm e 10 cm de altura com joelhos flexionados a 90 graus; flexão do tronco mantendo-se as pernas elevadas e joelhos flexionados; flexão do tronco com rotação homo e heterolateral do tronco com as pernas elevadas e joelhos flexionados. Prancha - flexão do tronco com joelhos flexionados a 90 graus sobre prancha inclinada 30 cm, 20 cm e 10 cm; flexão do tronco com rotação do tronco homo e heterolateral com joelhos flexionados em prancha inclinada 30 cm, 20 cm e 10 cm. Os resultados mostraram que a porção supra-umbilical do músculo reto abdominal apresentou potenciais de ação mais intensos que a porção infra-umbilical; os potenciais de ação mais intensos ocorreram na flexão do tronco e na flexão do tronco com rotação homo e heterolateral. A porção anterior do músculo oblíquo externo apresentou potenciais de ação mais intensos que a porção posterior; os potenciais de ação mais intensos ocorreram na flexão do tronco e na flexão do tronco com rotação heterolateral. Em ambos os músculos, os potenciais de ação mais intensos ocorreram entre 45 e 60 graus de flexão do tronco; as crianças do Grupo I apresentaram potenciais de ação mais intensos do que as do Grupo II; o exercício de elevação das pernas flexionadas não se mostrou eficaz para o fortalecimento da musculatura abdominal analisada / Abstract: The objective of this work was to study through in the electromyography the upper and lower umbilical rectus abdominis and the anterior and posterior parts of the external oblique muscles of children 8 to 10 years old. The children studied practice artistic and rhythmical gymnastic sports at the training and learning levei and the study was made during abdominal exercise in the dorsal decubitus position on the ground and on a board. The children were divided into 2 groups: Group I - ten already trained children; Group II ¿ nineteen learners. The participants in Group I practiced an average of 5 times a week and those in Group II practiced 2 times a week. The exercises analyzed were: on the ground - lifting the legs 30 cm, 20 cm and 10 cm high with the knees flexed 90 degrees; flexing the trunk while maintaining the legs elevated and the knees flexed; flexing the trunk with homo and heterolateral rotation of the trunk while maintaining the legs elevated and the knees flexed; on the board -flexing the trunk with the knees flexed 90 degrees on top of the board inclined 30 cm, 20 cm and 10 cm; flexing the trunk with rotation of the trunk homo and heterolateral with the knees flexed on the board inclined 30 cm, 20 cm and 10cm. The results showed that the superior umbilical part of the rectus abdominal muscle presented more intense action potential than the inferior-umbilical part; the more intense action potential occurred at the flexing of the trunk and at the flexing of the trunk with homo and heterolateral rotation. The anterior part of the external oblique muscle presented more intense action potential intense than the posterior part; the more intense action potential occurred at the flexing of the trunk and at the flexing of the trunk with heterolateral rotation. In both of the muscles the more intense action potential occurred between 45 and 60 degrees of flexing the trunk; the children in Group I presented more intense action potential than those in Group II; the exercise of lifting the flexed legs did not prove efficient for strengthening the analyzed abdominal muscle structure / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica e Adaptação / Mestre em Educação Física

Animais hematófagos possuem em sua saliva substâncias que permitem a fluidez do sangue, para o sucesso de sua alimentação. Com isso, têm sido descritos diversos componentes com atividades nos diferentes processos hemostáticos (coagulação, fibrinólise e agregação plaquetária). O complexo salivar da sanguessuga Haementeria depressa vem sendo estudado através de bioquímica clássica e análises transcriptômica e proteômica deste tecido determinaram o perfil dos transcritos e das proteínas produzidas. Dentre os transcritos mais abundantes foram encontrados três clones (H06A09, H06A02 e L02F02) que apresentaram 45%, 87% e 94% de similaridade ao LAPP, um inibidor de agregação plaquetária da sanguessuga Haementeria officinallis, a produção destes componentes pelo tecido foi confirmada pela análise proteômica. O LAPP é um inibidor que age pela via do colágeno e possui cerca de 14 kDa e pI de 4,0 e inibe a ligação da plaqueta ao colágeno tanto pelo epítopo do FvW quanto pelo domínio <font face=\"Symbol\">a2<font face=\"Symbol\">b1. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi clonar, expressar e caracterizar a proteína recombinante ativa, a partir do clone H06A09 para estudos de atividade desta molécula. Para obter a proteína recombinante de interesse inicialmente a clonagem do transcrito foi realizada com sucesso em vetor pAE, porém, a expressão em sistema procarioto apresentou alguns obstáculos já que a molécula não tinha atividade. Uma nova estratégia foi proposta, sendo realizada clonagem em vetor pPIC9K e expressão em sistema eucariótico (leveduras Pichia pastoris - GS115). Após a utilização de diferentes metodologias para estabelecimento das melhores condições para expressão neste sistema, foi eleito o protocolo onde a proteína recombinante era expressa a 28 °C, sob agitação de 260 rpm, e indução por 0,5% de Metanol a cada 24h, durante 72h de expressão. A molécula recombinante expressa e secretada foi submetida a diferentes metodologias para purificação, assim, determinou-se que a estratégia utilizada que melhor isolou a proteína foi a submissão do sobrenadante da expressão à diálise e concentração em sistema de ultrafiltração (Amicon 5 kDa Millipore) seguida de uma cromatografia de gel filtração em Superdex 75 (GE), sistema FPLC, com coleta fracionada. Ensaios de agregação plaquetária confirmaram a atividade inibitória da proteína recombinante tanto em sangue total como em PRP (plasma rico em plaqueta) e plaqueta lavada, especificamente quando o agonista era o colágeno, apresentando IC50 para PRP e plaqueta lavada de 20 e 712 ng, respectivamente. Ensaios por citometria de fluxo indicaram que a proteína recombinante, diferente do LAPP, age na inibição da agregação plaquetária induzida por colágeno, pela ligação à subunidade Ib<font face=\"Symbol\">a do complexo GPIb-IX-V, complexo este que usa o FvW como ponte entre a plaqueta e o colágeno, firmando assim a interação da plaqueta ao subendotélio e posterior agregação. Desta forma, o presente trabalho caracteriza o primeiro inibidor recombinante de agregação plaquetária pela via do colágeno proveniente de sanguessugas Haementeria depressa, e comprova que apesar de apresentar 45% de similaridade estrutural ao LAPP é um inibidor com características funcionais diferentes, e com grande potencial a ser estudado. / Hematophagous animals have in their saliva substances that maintain the blood fluidity to the success of their feeding. Therefore, components have been described by their activities in the hemostatic processes (coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation).The salivary complex of Haementaria depressa leech has been studied by classical biochemical and transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of this tissue determined the profile of transcripts and proteins produced by it. Among the most abundant transcripts were found three clones (H06A09, H06A02 e L02F02) that showed 45%, 87% e 94% of similarity to LAPP, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation from Haementeria officinallis, the components production was confirmed by proteomic analysis. LAPP is a inhibitor that acts by collagen pathway and has around 14 kDa and pI of 4.0, and inhibits the binding of platelet to collagen by both the epitope domain of vWF as the <font face=\"Symbol\">a2<font face=\"Symbol\">b1. Thereby, the aim of this study was to clone, express and characterize the active recombinant protein from the clone H06A09 for studies of activity of this molecule. To obtain the recombinant protein initially cloning of transcript was successfully performed in pAE vector, however, the protein expressed in prokaryotic system presented some obstacles not presenting activity. A new strategy was proposed, being held in pPIC9K vector and expression in eukaryotic system - yeast Pichia pastoris (GS115). After using different methodologies to establish the best conditions for expression in this system, was elected the protocol where the recombinant protein was expressed in 28 °C, under agitation of 260 rpm, and 0.5% methanol induction every 24 hours during 72 hours of expression. The recombinant molecule was expressed in soluble portion and was subjected to differents methods for purification, so it was determined that the best strategy to isolation of the protein was the concentration and dialysis of the expression supernatant by ultrafiltration system (Amicon 5 kDa Millipore) followed by gel filtration chromatography on Superdex 75 (GE), FPLC system. Tests confirmed the platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of the recombinant protein in whole blood, PRP (platelet rich plasma) and in washed platelets, specifically when the agonist was collagen, with IC50 to PRP and washed platelet of 20 and 712 ng, respectively. Assays by flow cytometry indicated that the recombinant protein, different from LAPP, acts to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen, by the binding to the Ib<font face=\"Symbol\">a subunit of the GPIb-IX-V complex, this complex uses the vWF as a bridge between the platelet and collagen, thus firming the interaction of the subendothelium and subsequent platelet aggregation. Thus, this study characterized the first recombinant inhibitor of platelet aggregation through collagen pathway from Haementeria depressa leeches, and proves that despite having 45% structural similarity to the LAPP is an inhibitor with different functional characteristics, and with great potential to be studied.

Meniscus is a collection of poems with a critical preface that examines the nature of "silence" and oblique language.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the stress analysis of the total hip joint endoprosthesis ceramic head under oblique loading. Load was obtain from experimental in vivo measurement on three patients, whereas two of them was the same weight. As input variables were use contact forces, especially knee bend and standing on one leg. Furthermore they will be considered shape deflections from ideal cone, especially circle deviation, cone deviation and cone plus circle deviation together.