Labor protection, that is prevention of occupational disease and reducing the frequency of accident, has always been a matter of major concern of mining industry. Management and the government should promote and maintain high safety standards through some measures and tools to reduce frequency of accidents and occupational diseases. This thesis describes the development of a national occupational health and safety management tool that is composed of educational, statistical and database interfaces for mine safety and health administration. The detailed analysis of an accident requires knowledge of many parameters such as location, time, type, cost of the accident, victim information, nature of injury, result of the accident etc. that can be obtained from a standard coded accident report form. So, database interface of the management tool is developed with this sense to realize collecting accident data in a nationally used format to produce a common safety reporting system. Prepared database maintains user-friendly environment on Internet to submit accident information. Dynamic structure and ease of use of the developed database allow administered user to expand it without detailed computer programming knowledge. This was achieved by prepared modules to change or register new data fields within the database. Created database is also secure since only gives data input access rights to registered users. Database administrator is able to create registered users. Registered users could be safety engineer or manager of a mine who is responsible from the submission of data to the ministry of labor. So, standard and secure accident data collected rapidly through Internet connection. The other feature of the database is that, it is open to all people to query accidents with many aspects. Prepared management tool also includes educational interface, content of which can also be enlarged, as the new ideas, information or solutions for accidents are improved. This information is also open to all people since educating workers and managers about accidents and prevention techniques can improve working conditions and increase awareness. Knowing the fact that submitted accident data is still collected in hard copies in folders, the need for a kind of management tool, which is completed in this study, is obvious. Application of this kind of management tool will be able to prevent the collection of accident data in dusty shelves and share the accident data information with all people who are interested in with this subject.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. Göteborg : University, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Dr. P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6595. Adviser: Arch I. Carson. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / INTRODUCTION: The study investigated dietary intake, physical activity and risk for chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) among employees at a South African open-cast diamond mine. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the habits and barriers to a healthy lifestyle in order to determine the need for workplace interventions at De Beers Venetia Mine (DB-VM) to decrease the risk for CDL and optimise employee wellness. DESIGN: An analytical, cross-sectional, observational study. SAMPLING: A representative proportional stratified sample of 88 permanent employees at DB-VM was randomly selected to participate in the study. The sample was stratified according to work-shift configuration and occupational category. Permanent employees were limited to subjects with at least six months employment at DB-VM. Temporary employees and contractors were excluded from the sample. METHODS: Subjects were required to complete a validated self-administered sociodemographic-, meal frequency- and physical activity questionnaire. A validated quantified food frequency questionnaire was administered by the investigator. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and waist circumference were performed by the investigator. RESULTS: The study documented a high prevalence of obesity among female (45%) and male (32%) employees. A total energy intake above the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) was found in 38% of males and 64% of female subjects. Fourty eight percent of males and 64% of female subjects exceeded the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Rate (AMDR) for total fat intake, while the mean saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was above the recommendation of less than 10% of total energy intake. An inadequate fibre intake was observed for 87% of males and 55% of female subjects. Folate intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were found in 62% male and 82% of female subjects. A “low active” physical activity level (PAL) was found in 91% of females and 67% of professionals. Significantly more females (p=0.01) and professionals (p=0.00005) demonstrated a “low active” PAL compared to males and other occupational categories. Work-related barriers to a healthy lifestyle such as long working hours, work demands, a long commute and working shifts contributed to skipping of meals and prevention of physical activity participation among employees. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among employees characterised by high fat and inadequate fibre intakes, increasing the risk for CDL. Work-related barriers contributed to an unhealthy lifestyle and specific interventions at the workplace would appear necessary to decrease the high prevalence of obesity and risk for CDL. RECOMMENDATIONS: Wellness interventions should be introduced at DB-VM to improve the health and well-being of employees.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as representações individuais e coletivas das docentes das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de um Município da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba sobre o Distúrbio de Voz Relacionado ao Trabalho (DVRT) segundo o campo da Saúde do Trabalhador. Nessa perspectiva, buscamos ao logo do trabalho: 1) Avaliar como os problemas de gênero e da divisão sexual do trabalho contribuem para o DVRT nas docentes das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental desse Município; 2) Verificar quais as soluções tecnológicas e estratégias de enfrentamento individuais e coletivas ao DVRT são utilizadas pelas respectivas docentes. A partir dos objetivos propostos e para atender ao protocolo da pesquisa, utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa de natureza interpretativa e, como instrumento de levantamento de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada mediante a técnica de grupo focal. Este trabalho está dividido em dois momentos: 1º) Pesquisa bibliográfica, que teve como objetivo conhecer e fundamentar um arcabouço teórico para este estudo e a legislação vigente da temática no Brasil. Foram analisadas obras, artigos científicos específicos da área e 47 teses e dissertações. 2º) Pesquisa empírica, cujo objetivo foi analisar as representações das docentes sobre o DVRT segundo o campo da Saúde do Trabalhador e verificar se os dados apresentados na pesquisa bibliográfica se confirmam ou não na pesquisa empírica. Com este estudo concluímos que: As docentes têm uma representação de apego sobre o trabalho, de amor quase incondicional e de missão; essa condição as impede de questionar as condições de trabalho que promovem o desgaste e favorecem as doenças atípicas do trabalho docente; as docentes que já apresentam DVRT reconhecem que as condições de trabalho e as condições ambientais são as principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento e reincidência do problema do DVRT, mas se sentem desamparadas e desassistidas pelas leis e pelas normas vigentes. As docentes com DVRT conhecem vários recursos técnicos e tecnológicos no tratamento das mesmas, porém, têm pouco acesso aos recursos de prevenção e quase nunca recorrem aos recursos da medicina popular ou caseira para tratamento ou prevenção. Os aparatos materiais, didáticos e pedagógicos, que poderiam ser substituídos como medidas preventivas nas salas de aula, são citados pelas docentes, mas ainda não fazem parte da sua realidade. As alternativas de engenharia e arquitetura na construção das escolas e salas de aula, que poderiam evitar os principais problemas de ordem ambiental, não são implementadas. As docentes reconhecem que o DVRT é uma doença do trabalho e reconhecem a importância das iniciativas das instituições, como a Secretaria da Educação e o Sindicato, na prevenção, no tratamento e na recuperação do DVRT. As mulheres efetivamente são mais predispostas a desenvolver o DVRT devido a multifatores relacionados a questões de gênero e a divisão sexual de trabalho. E as docentes são mais predispostas, pois, além desses fatores, também pelo fato de essa profissão estar associada à alta demanda vocal e pela falta de treinamento e preparação para o uso profissional da voz. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the individual and collective representations of teachers of the early grades of elementary school in a city in the outskirts of Curitiba regarding Voice Disorders Related to Work (VDRW) according to the Occupational Health field. From this perspective, during the project, we tried to: 1) Evaluate how issues of gender and sexual division of labor contribute to teachers’ VDRW in the early grades of elementary school of this city; 2) Check which technological solutions and individual and collective coping strategies to VDRW are used by these teachers. Starting from the proposed objectives and in order to meet the research protocol, we used a qualitative-interpretative research methodology, and the data collection instrument was semi-structured interviews using the focus group technique. This work is divided into two stages: 1) Bibliographic research, whose objective was to identify and support a theoretical framework for this study and the current legislation about this issue in Brazil. Books, specific scientific articles in the area and 47 theses and dissertations were analyzed. 2) Empirical research, whose objective was to analyze the teachers’ representations about VDRW, according to the Occupational Health field and to verify if the data found in literature is confirmed or not in empirical research. With this study we concluded that: Teachers have showed emotional attachment to their work, with almost unconditional love and as if work was a mission; this condition prevents them to question working conditions that cause tiredness and favor diseases that are not common among teachers; Teachers who already have VDRW recognize that working and environmental conditions are the main cause of the development and recurrence of this problem, but feel helpless and devoid of laws and regulations. Teachers with VDRW are aware of several technical and technological resources for their treatment; however, they have little access to prevention resources and almost never make use of popular medicine or home remedies for treatment or prevention. Material, instructional and teaching apparatus that could be replaced as preventative measures in classrooms are known by the teachers, but not available. Alternative engineering and architecture in the construction of schools and classrooms that could avoid the main problems relating to environment are not implemented. The teachers recognize that VDRW is a labor disease and know the importance of the initiatives of institutions such as the Department of Education and the Union for prevention, treatment and healing of VDRW. Women are actually more likely to develop VDRW due to different factors related to gender and sexual division of labor. In addition to these aspects, this profession is also associated with high vocal demand and lack of training and preparation for the professional use of voice.

A presente dissertação se propõe a questionar, explorar e expor a importância dos sentidos da sobrecarga de trabalho docente nas questões de saúde do professor causando, inclusive adoecimento. A pesquisa realizou-se no magistério superior de um campus de uma Universidade Federal, na região sudoeste do Estado do Paraná. Para tanto, foi estabelecido como objetivo geral verificar no discurso de dois professores da referida Universidade, aspectos referentes à sobrecarga no trabalho e que estão, diretamente, relacionados com a saúde desses profissionais. Foram também estabelecidos como objetivos específicos verificar como os professores vivenciam a sobrecarga no trabalho e sua relação com a saúde, assim como, identificar as significações de sobrecarga no trabalho reveladas no discurso dos professores do Magistério Superior em questão e, em última instância analisar como essa sobrecarga é significada e ressignificada durante sessões de autoconfrontação. A fundamentação teórica relativa ao trabalho e trabalho do professor teve como base Marx (2014); Castel (2005); Sennet (2007); Clot (2011); Amigues (2004); Nóvoa (1999); Codo (2006); Esteve (1999) e Lemos (2005). Para a discussão da sobrecarga, Wisner (1994); Ferreira e Freire (2016) e Lemos (2005). Para o conceito de saúde, Canguilhem (2015); Morschel (2014) e Clot (2010). Para tratar da psicopatologia do trabalho; Lima (2005); Le Guillant (2006) e Bendassolli (2011). Para linguagem e sentidos, Bakhtin (2011, 2014); Lima (2015); Brait (2002); Vigotski (2009); Tezza (2007) e Amorim (2014). A metodologia utilizada na produção dos dados foi a da autoconfrontação, que é uma metodologia adotada na Clínica da Atividade. Com as autoconfrontações produzidas, iniciou-se o processo de produção dessa dissertação que envolveu: refinamento das transcrições de autoconfrontações com a visualização dos vídeos, seleção de trechos que remetessem a sentidos de sobrecarga e saúde e análise desses trechos. O estudo evidenciou a possibilidade de propostas de ação no que tange à saúde dos professores, no próprio ambiente de trabalho. Os resultados apontam também para uma mudança constante e conjunta, integrando professores e demais profissionais preocupados com a saúde docente, por meio de relações dialógicas, as quais oportunizam a construção de sentidos e o poder de ação. / The present thesis proposes to question, explore and expose the importance of the sense of the overload of teaching in the health causing sickness. The research was carried out in the university teaching of a Federal University campus in the southwest region of the State of Paraná. For this purpose, a general objective was established to verify aspects related to the work overload, which is directly related to the health of the professionals, by considering the discourse of two professors of the mentioned university. Specific objectives were settled to verify how professors experience work overload and its relation to health, as well as to identify the sense of work overload revealed in the discourse of the university professors and, finally, to analyze how this overloading is signified and re-signified during self-checking sessions. The theory related to the professor’s labor was based on Marx (2014), Castel (2005), Sennet (2007), Clot (2011), Amigues (2004), Nóvoa (1999), Codo (2006), Esteve (1999) and Lemos (2005). For the discussion of the overload, Wisner (1994), Ferreira and Freire (2016) and Lemos (2005); for the discussion of health, Canguilhem (2015), Morschel (2014) and Clot (2010); to deal with work psychopathology, Lima (2005), Le Guillant (2006) and Bendassolli (2011) and for language and sense, Bakhtin (2011, 2014), Lima (2015), Brait (2002), Vigotski (2009), Tezza (2007) and Amorim (2014). The methodology used in the production of the data was that of self-confrontation, which is a methodology adopted in the clinical activity. The dissertation involves the refinement of transcripts of self-confronts with the visualization of the videos, selection of passages that refer to the sense of overload and health and analysis. The study evidenced the possibility proposals for action regarding the health of professors in the work environment. The results also point to a constant and joint change, integrating professors and other professionals concerned about health, through dialogical relationships, which allow the construction of sense and power of action.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaSAM.pdf: 2384674 bytes, checksum: eff991b575f95cec6988806e68f65293 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-09 / Posture is one of the most worrying problems dentists face. That is because of the high incidence of low back pathologies regarding the professional activity, despite the development on the field of Dental Ergonomics. This work took place at the dental schoolclinic at a Federal University, and it was grounded on the Ergonomic Principles in the workplace. Its main objective was to analyze the determinants of inadequate posture adopted by students inasmuch as the adoption of non ergonomic methods at the school-clinic may influence them to develop inadequate postures in their working environment. The analysis of the activity showed us that it requires some complex procedures in the patient s mouth. Thus, when the students carry out the activity, they start to adopt, although unconsciously, inadequate postures which will make easier the visual accuracy and the access to the operation focus. In case there is no internal (body awareness) or external warning mechanisms (the professor s or the partner s counseling) regarding posture or possible risks which lead them to self-correction, the students become vulnerable to osteomuscle disorders. The time pressure, because the students are expected to perform their task in a predetermined clinical time. The facts related to each patient s variability as well as the stress caused by the expectations to get their work done in time make the students to advance it believing they will waste time if they help their partners or using an indirect view. We could also notice that there was no assistant to perform the job of minor ones, as well as there was no professor who could actually connect the knowledge on Ergonomics to its working practice. The conclusions of this work stand out the need of widen the discussion at the academic environment regarding health professionals in places such as universities. The ergonomic principles in the workplace aim a multidisciplinary analysis based on the experience of students, professors, staff members and janitors that can contribute to some reflection upon the issue and consequently actions which will bring positive changes at the working environment / A postura corporal de elevado risco biomec?nico ? um dos mais preocupantes problemas de sa?de ocupacional dos profissionais de odontologia. Isso ocorre em fun??o da elevada preval?ncia de patologias no sistema muscoloesquel?tico do odont?logo, relacionadas ? sua atividade, apesar da crescente produ??o do conhecimento na ?rea de Ergonomia aplicada ? Odontologia. Este estudo de caso, realizado na cl?nica-escola odontol?gica de uma Universidade Federal, fundamentado na AET (An?lise Ergon? mica do Trabalho), teve como objetivo analisar os determinantes das posturas sofridas pelos alunos, visto que, a n?o ado??o de princ?pios de ergonomia ao longo dos est?gios supervisionados nas cl?nicas-escola pode influenciar os alunos que tenderiam a reproduzir posturas inadequadas em seus ambientes profissionais. Observou-se, atrav?s da an?lise da atividade, que a natureza desta atividade exige a realiza??o de procedimentos complexos na boca do paciente, em campo de dif?cil alcance visual e operat?rio. Sendo assim, os estudantes, ao focarem sua aten??o na execu??o da atividade, se submetem a posturas inadequadas que facilitem a sua acuidade visual e o acesso ao campo operat?rio. N?o havendo nenhum mecanismo sistem?tico interno (consci?ncia corporal) ou externo de advert?ncia (orienta??o do professor ou do colega de dupla) quanto ? postura e aos riscos decorrentes que pudessem sensibiliz?-los e induzi-los ? autocorre??o, os estudantes tornam-se vulner?veis aos dist?rbios osteomusculares. A press?o temporal, pois devem cumprir uma tarefa em tempo-cl?nico pr?-determinado, as intercorr?ncias decorrentes das variabilidades de cada paciente e o stress gerado pela expectativa de concluir a atividade em tempo h?bil, os levam a procurar adiantar o trabalho, acreditando que perder?o tempo auxiliando o colega ou utilizando vis?o indireta. Esta regula??o contraria os princ?pios ergon?micos da odontologia que preconiza um trabalho cooperativo a quatro ou a seis m?os. Observou-se tamb?m, a aus?ncia de assistentes que pudessem realizar o trabalho de primeiro e segundo auxiliar, assim como de compet?ncias essenciais de princ?pios de ergonomia entre os professores, que pudessem faz?-los relacionar os conhecimentos da disciplina de ergonomia ? pr?tica profissional. As conclus?es deste trabalho apontam para a necessidade de ampliar as discuss?es no meio acad?mico acerca dos problemas de sa?de nos profissionais de sa?de nos espa?os onde o conhecimento ? constru?do. Este estudo, por ter preconizado uma an?lise multidisciplinar baseada no depoimento representativo dos atores sociais envolvidos (alunos, professores, pessoal administrativo, pessoal auxiliar e zeladores), p?de contribuir com a reflex?o-a??o quando se buscou conhecimentos b?sicos para poss?veis transforma??es positivas do ambiente de trabalho