Objetivos: o apoio social no trabalho (AST) de professores está associado à prevenção de agravos à saúde e à melhoria do ambiente psicossocial de trabalho, sendo a compreensão de sua estrutura, relevante. Procurou-se descrever a estrutura de AST de professores considerando o sentido suportivo atribuído aos seus conteúdos nas relações sociais de trabalho. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo com contribuição da pesquisa qualitativa em uma escola pública de educação básica da cidade de São Paulo. Foram aplicadas a observação participante e entrevista individual em profundidade como técnicas instrumentais. Fez-se análise de conteúdo e os resultados foram discutidos com base em aproximações teóricas com a representação social, os fatores psicossociais e a organização do trabalho docente (FPS/OT). Resultados e discussões: foram descritos e especificados os tipos (emocional, instrumental, informativo e de apreciação) e fontes (professores, diretoria, pais/responsáveis e alunos) de AST, que se relacionou com práticas cotidianas para a amenização das exigências de OT e da precarização de recursos educacionais. Sugeriu-se o desenvolvimento de grupos de discussão no trabalho. / Objectives: social support at teachers’ work (SSW) is associated with illness prevention and improvement of psychosocial working conditions. Hence, identyfing teachers’ SSW specific structure is important. The objective of this study was to describe teachers’ SSW specific structure in terms of its content. Methods: contributions from qualitative case study were used to assess teachers social relations within Sao Paulo’s public elementary school. It was applied participant observations and individual unstructured interviews as instrumental techniques. Data were formulated with content analysis and discussed form a theoretical approach with Social Representation Theory, Psychosocial Factors at Work and Work Organization (PSF/WO). Results and discussion: teachers’ SSW structure was based on sources (principal, coworkers, student’s fathers and student themselves) and types (emotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal). SSW was associated with workers’ formulation of daily educational practices and WO, improving precarious working conditions. It was suggested the development of discussion groups at work.

L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és l'estudi dels valors límit d'exposició professional previstos en la normativa actual com a valors de referència per a l'avaluació i control dels riscos que comporta l'exposició a agents químics presents en el lloc de treball, fonamentalment per inhalació, per protegir la salut dels treballadors.No es pretén realitzar ni un estudi epidemiològic ni un estudi d'higiene, només s'utilitzen els valors d'exposició professional per analitzar el compliment de la normativa sobre la presència de plom en l'ambient de treball, i comprovar si el compliment de la normativa comporta la millora de la salut dels treballadors en funció de la millora de les concentracions de valors ambientals o biològics de l'exposició dels treballadors.La Directiva 98/24/CE deroga les Directives 80/1107/CEE sobre la protecció dels treballadors contra els riscos relacionats amb l'exposició a agents químics, físics i biològics durant el treball, i la Directiva 82/605/CEE, sobre la protecció dels treballadors contra riscos relacionats amb una exposició al plom metàl·lic i als seus compostos iònics durant el treball.S'analitza l'evolució de la normativa sobre la presència d'agents químics en l'ambient de treball, i en concret el plom, i la seva incidència en els accidents laborals i malalties professionals, i el compliment de la normativa al final d'un cicle marcat per l'entrada en vigor de la Directiva 98/24/CE.Per realitzar l'anàlisi anteriorment esmentada s'estudia la indústria ceràmica de les comarques gironines, de la construcció, de l'alimentació i decorativa, a través de les mesures de plom en l'ambient laboral i les mesures de plom en sang dels treballadors d'aquesta indústria des de 1991 a 1996. / The aim of this thesis is to study the limit values of professional exposure envisaged by current legislation as reference values for the assessment and control of the risks involved in exposure to chemical agents present in the workplace, mainly through inhalation, to protect the health of workers. It does not aim to be either an epidemiological study or a hygiene study, it only uses the values of professional exposure to analyse how far current legislation is complied with, with regard to the presence of lead in the workplace, and to find out whether compliance with the regulations leads to improving the health of workers, depending on the concentrations of environmental or biological values of the exposure of the workers. The Directive 98/24/EC repeals the Directive 80/1107/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work and the Directive 82/605/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to metallic lead and its ionic compounds at work. The thesis analyses the development of the regulations governing the presence of chemical agents in the work environment, and in particular lead, and its incidence in work accidents and professional diseases, and the compliance with the regulation at the end of a cycle marked by the coming into effect of the Directive 98/24/EC. To carry out the above-mentioned analysis, we studied the ceramics industry in the Girona region, relating to the building, food and decoration industries, through measuring the level of lead in the work environment and in the blood of the workers in this industry from 1991 to 1996. / El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio de los valores límite de exposición profesional previstos en la normativa actual como valores de referencia para la evaluación y control de los riesgos que comporta la exposición a agentes químicos presentes en el puesto de trabajo, fundamentalmente por inhalación, para proteger la salud de los trabajadores.No se pretende realizar ni un estudio epidemiológico ni un estudio de higiene, sólo se utilizan los valores de exposición profesional para analizar el cumplimiento de la normativa sobre la presencia de plomo en el ambiente de trabajo, y comprobar si el cumplimiento de la normativa revierte en la mejora de la salud de los trabajadores en función de la mejora de las concentraciones de valores ambientales o biológicos de la exposición de los trabajadores.La Directiva 98/24/CE deroga la Directiva 80/1107/CEE sobre la protección de los trabajadores contra los riesgos relacionados con la exposición a agentes químicos, físicos y biológicos durante el trabajo, y la Directiva 82/605/CEE, sobre la protección de los trabajadores contra riesgos relacionados con una exposición al plomo metálico y a sus compuestos iónicos durante el trabajo.Se analiza la evolución de la normativa sobre la presencia de agentes químicos en el ambiente de trabajo, y en concreto el plomo, y su incidencia en los accidentes laborales y enfermedades profesionales, y el cumplimiento de la normativa al final de un ciclo marcado por la entrada en vigor de la Directiva 98/24/CE.Para realizar el análisis anteriormente citado se estudia la industria cerámica de las comarcas de Girona, de la construcción, de la alimentación y decorativa, a través de las medidas de plomo en el ambiente laboral y las medidas de plomo en sangre de los trabajadores de esta industria desde 1991 a 1996.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser. Del av upplagan utan uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy).

Text in Afrikaans / The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which health issues, and particularly work stress, are managed at a welfare organization. The group investigated consisted of 49 registered social workers employed at nine welfare organizations in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The research process was directed by quantitative research, the research information being obtained through a literature study and structured questionnaire. A number of health issues were identified in the workplace. Based on the empirical investigation it was concluded that health management does not enjoy a high priority at welfare organisations. The health issues that have the most impact on the respondents' work ability are work stress and burnout. It is recommended that organisations compile a holistic policy for health management. There is a need for implementation of employee assistance and wellness programmes for health management. Such programmes promote the productivity and general wellbeing of social workers. / Die doel van die navorsingstudie was om te bepaal tot watter mate gesondheidskwessies, in die besonder werkstres, by 'n welsynsorganisasie bestuur word. Die ondersoekgroep het bestaan uit 49 geregistreerde maatskaplike werkers werksaam by nege welsynsorganisasies in die Nelson Mandela Metropool. Die navorsingsproses is deur kwantitatiewe navorsing gerig en die navorsingsinligting is met behulp van 'n literatuurstudie en gestruktureerde vraelys bekom. Daar word tans 'n aantal gesondheidskwessies in die werkplek geidentifiseer. Na aanleiding van die empiriese ondersoek is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat gesondheidbestuur nie 'n hoe prioriteit geniet by welsynsorgnisasies nie. Die gesondheidskwessies wat die mees beduidende impak op die respondente se werkvermoe het, is werkstres en uitbranding. Daar word aanbeveel dat organisasies 'n holistiese beleid ten opsigte van gesondheidsbestuur opstel. Daar is 'n behoefie aan die implementering van werknemerhulp- en werknemerwelstandprogramme vir gesondheidsbestuur omdat sulke programme die produktiwiteit en algemene welstand van maatskaplike werkers kan bevorder. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Social Work)

Background: Accidental exposure to patients’ body fluids (BFs) is an occupational hazard among health care workers (HCWs). The study aimed at describing the patterns of exposure to patients’ BFs among HCWs at a university hospital in Ethiopia. Methods: A contextual descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Results: The one year and professional life prevalence of occupational exposure to patients’ BFs among HCWs was 33.5% and 66.5% respectively. Circumstances that led to participants’ exposures to patients’ BFs include needle stick injuries to fingers and splashes to the eyes (82.4%); conducting procedures included blood withdrawal (10.8%) and inserting intravenous infusions (8.1%) and recapping of used needles (12.2%). Conclusion: Findings of this study generally indicated that occupational exposures to patients’ BF of different types and circumstances were common among all categories of HCWs in the study site. This high finding of BF exposure should not be over looked. HCWs should follow the universal precaution protocol and PEP need to be strengthened / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Esta tese sustenta que as características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais e de situação de saúde constituem fatores de adoecimento ou de proteção para a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, alterações musculoesqueléticas e doenças do trabalho em trabalhadores de uma instituição hospitalar. O objetivo geral foi identificar os fatores de proteção e de adoecimento para ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, alterações musculoesqueléticas e doenças do trabalho em trabalhadores de uma instituição hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cujo cenário foi o Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), no qual foram abordados 288 trabalhadores e seus respectivos prontuários, de 54 ocupações distintas, no período entre 2010 a 2012. Utilizou-se para a coleta o banco de dados da pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa HCPA, sob o registro 11-315. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e analítica, considerando o nível de significância de 95%, QuiQuadrado e Regressão de Poisson. Na abordagem do trabalhador, verificou-se a prevalência do sexo feminino, maiores de 40 anos, residentes em Porto Alegre, que realizavam atividade física e de lazer, profissionais da área da Enfermagem, e regime de trabalho diurno. Uma menor proporção relatou trabalhar em outra instituição; hospitalizações; acidentes de trabalho; as doenças do trabalho; e doenças crônicas. No prontuário do trabalhador, observou-se o predomínio da admissão inferior a dez anos, risco biológico, risco ergonômico, realização do exame periódico médico, doença crônica e afastamentos laborais. Os acidentes de trabalho, as doenças do trabalho e as alterações musculoesqueléticas tiveram menor prevalência nos registros dos prontuários. Dentre os fatores que potencializam o adoecimento por acidentes de trabalho, identificou-se consumo de tabaco alguma vez na vida (RP=1,80; p=0,010) e o afastamento laboral registrado nos últimos três anos (RP=5,79; p=0,014). As alterações musculoesqueléticas mostraram associação com a situação conjugal sem companheiro (RP=1,69; p=0,005), ter filhos (RP=1,55; p=0,032), e o afastamento laboral nos últimos três anos (RP=2,04; p=0,008). As doenças do trabalho, como fatores de adoecimento, associam-se à mudança da situação conjugal (RP=3,51; p=0,020), risco ergonômico (RP=2,60; p=0,038) e limitação funcional no período de três anos (RP=4,38; p=0,006). Dentre os fatores de proteção, observou-se a associação com a carga horária diária menor que 6 horas e 15 minutos (RP=0,41; p=0,007) e os acidentes de trabalho. Para as doenças do trabalho, a associação protetora ocorreu dentre trabalhadores com risco biológico (RP=0,24; p=0,028) e os que realizam o exame periódico médico (RP=0,36; p=0,015). Os resultados evidenciaram fatores fatores de adoecimento e de proteção à saúde do trabalhador que reforçam a necessidade de articulação de ações que valorizem a co-reponsabilização do trabalhador e da instituição, de modo a se tecerem as estratégias para a prevenção de acidentes de trabalho, alterações musculoesqueléticas e doenças do trabalho. / This thesis sustains that sociodemographic characteristics, occupational and health condition compose illness or protection factors for work accidents occurrence, musculoskeletal disorders and work diseases, considering workers of a hospital institution. The general objective was to identify the protective factors for illness and accidents, musculoskeletal disorders and occupational diseases in workers of a hospital institution. It is a transversal study, whose scenario was the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), in which 288 workers from 54 different occupations were approached along with their related medical records, in the period between 2010 and 2012. The data collection was performed using the data bank from a former research work approved by the Research Ethics Committee of HCPA, under the record 11-315. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, considering a confidence interval of 95%, chi-square and Poisson regression. At worker approach it was verified the prevalence of females, over 40 years, residents in Porto Alegre, practitioners of physical and relaxing activities, nursing area professionals, and daytime workers. A less portion reported working in a second institution; hospitalizations; work accidents; work diseases; and chronic diseases. It was observed, inside the worker medical record, the predominance of admission lower than ten years, biological risk, ergonomic risk, periodic medical exams, chronic disease and work absence. Work accidents, work diseases and musculoskeletal disorders were observed having low prevalence in workers medical records. Among the factors that leverage the illness by work accidents, it was identified the tobacco consumption at least once in life (RP=1.80; p=0.010) and work absence recorded in the last three years (RP=5.79; p=0.014). Musculoskeletal disorders indicates association with marital status as without partner (RP=1.69; p=0.005), have children (RP=1.55; p=0.032), and work absence in the last three years (RP=2.04; p=0.008). Work diseases, as illness factors, were associated with marital status change (RP=3.51; p=0.020), ergonomic risk (RP=2.60; p=0.038) and functional limitation in the period of three years (RP=4.38; p=0.006). Among protection factors, it was observed an association with working time lower than 6 hours and 15 minutes (RP=0.41; p=0.007) and work accidents. For work diseases, the protection association occurred among workers with biological risk (RP=0.24; p=0.028) and among ones that underwent periodic medical exams (RP=0.36; p=0.015). Results pointed out factors of illness and worker health protection that reinforces the need of articulated actions and that enhance the co-responsibility of worker and institution, in the way to create strategies to prevent work accidents, musculoskeletal disorders and work diseases. / Esta tesis sostiene que las características sociodemográficas ocupacionales y de situación de salud constituyen factores de generación de enfermedades o de protección para la ocurrencia de accidentes de trabajo, alteraciones musculoesqueléticas y dolencias laborales en trabajadores de una institución hospitalaria. El objetivo general fue identificar los factores de protección y enfermedades en la ocurrencia de accidentes, alteraciones musculoesqueléticas y enfermedades profesionales en los trabajadores de una institución hospitalaria. Se trata de un estudio transversal cuyo escenario fue el Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), en el cual fueron abordados 288 trabajadores y sus respectivos prontuarios, de 54 ocupaciones distintas, en el periodo entre 2010 a 2012. Fue utilizada para la colecta el banco de datos de la pesquisa aprobada por el Comité de Ética y Pesquisa HCPA, sob el registro de 11-35. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística considerando el nivel de relevancia de 95%, Qui-cuadrado y Regresión de Poisson. En el abordaje del trabajador fue verificada la prevalencia del sexo femenino, mayores de 40 años, residentes en Porto Alegre, que realizaban actividad fisica y de ocio, profesionales del área de enfermería y régimen de trabajo diurno. Una menos proporción relató trabajar en otra institución; hospitalización; accidentes de trabajo; las dolencias laborales y crónicas. En el prontuario del trabajador fue observado el dominio de la admisión inferior a diez años, riesgo biológico, riesgo ergonómico, realización de examen médico periódico, enfermedad crónica y alejamientos laborales. Los accidentes de trabajo, las enfermedades laborales y las alteraciones musculoesqueléticas tuvieron menor prevalencia en los registros de los prontuarios. Entre los factores que potencializaron las enfermedades por accidentes de trabajo fueron identificados el consumo de tabaco alguna vez en la vida (RP=1,80; p=0,010) y el alejamiento laboral registrado en los últimos tres años (RP=5,79; p=0,014). Las alteraciones musculoesqueléticas mostraron asociación con la situación conjugal sin compañero (RP=1,69; p=0,005), tener hijos (RP=1,55; p=0,032) y el alejamiento laboral en los últimos tres años (RP=2,04; p=0,008). Las enfermedades de trabajo como factoras de dolencias están asociadas a la mudanza de situación conjugal (RP=3,51; p=0,020), riesgo ergonómico (RP=2,60; 0,038) y limitación funcional en el periodo de tres años (RP=4,38; p=0,006). En lo que respecta a los factores de protección, se observó la asociación con la carga horaria diaria menor que 6 horas y 15 minutos (RP=0,41; p=0,007) y los accidentes de trabajo. Para las dolencias laborales, la asociación protectora ocurrió entre los trabajadores con riesgo biológico (RP=0,24; p=0,028) y los que realizan el examen médico periódico (RP=0,36; p=0,015). Los resultados evidenciaron factores de enfermedades y de protección a la salud del trabajador que refuerzan la necesidad de articulación de acciones que valoren la corresponsabilidad del trabajador y de la institución de manera a generar estrategias para la prevención de accidentes laborales, alteraciones musculoesqueléticas y dolencias laborales.

I prepared my thesis on Health Support at Workplaces under Particular Conditions of a Textile Factory. The main objective was to determine the company management?s activities in the field of health support. The second objective was to map the information provided to the staff on health support at the workplace, and the third objective was to propose the concept of a specific preventive programme. When preparing the concept of the preventive programme for the textile company I co-operated with the company management and with the company doctor. The reference group was represented by women employed in a textile plant in South Bohemia who worked in different workshops producing car seat covers, housing and children?s clothing. The work described in this thesis was carried out as quantitative research. For data collection I used anonymous questionnaires and the results of this research were plotted on graphs. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part mainly deals with health support at the workplace, with an analysis of health risks at work including the impact of physical factors. At the beginning of the empirical part I set the goals and set out three hypotheses. Having analysed the collected data I found that H1, H2 and H3 were confirmed. The empirical section includes a description of the research technique which shows that more than 50 per cent of employees of the textile factory are overweight, then that there is a greater occurrence of health problems in the departments of sewing and embroidery machines and many women also had no idea of the meaning of health support at the workplace. According to the results it is possible to say that the textile company does not organize any physical activities or rehabilitative exercises for their employees. Based on the information I would recommend organizing sports courses, providing healthy canteen meals, reducing stress at the workplace and introducing dust extractors in order to reduce dust at the workplace. This thesis may bring the company better working comfort and help to improve the employees? health. The proposed preventive programme can also be a manual for employers in the textile plant in the field of health support at the workplace.

The thesis dealing with the occupational safety and health protection for acute care department nurses had three goals. The first goal was to map the specifics of health protection and safety at work for acute care department nurses. The second goal was to ascertain the most frequent occurrence of failures to adhere to the H&S rules. The third goal was to find out whether the duration of the practice and the level of education affect the H&S knowledge among nurses. Qualitative as well as quantitative research was applied to the ascertainment of the answers to the prepared questions. When the two kinds of research had been set it was necessary to set research questions and hypotheses. The method of hidden observation of nurses working at an anaesthesiology and resuscitation department was applied within the qualitative research. Ten nurses were observed. The method of questionnaire survey sent through the Internet was used to obtain the quantitative results. Surprisingly, two hundred and forty respondents replied to the questionnaire. To confirm the hypotheses a statistical processing was carried out, which confirmed or refuted the significance level of the individual questions and replies. The asset of this work and of a part of its results is a finding that nurses from an anaesthesiology and resuscitation department are aware of the necessity of the adherence to the H&S rules and instructions, which protects their health, but they fail to do it in practice. This is why the results of this thesis might stimulate further solutions. The thesis also contains a proposal how to deal with complicated situations. All solutions are however completely individual and depend on the internal and further rules set by the hospital management.