I vårt samhälle idag finns ett större energibehov än någonsin förr. För att förse detta energibehov har vi i Sverige en mängd olika sorters kraftverk. Alla sorters energikraftverk har sina nackdelar och fördelar. För just kärnkraftverk är en stor nackdel det radioaktiva avfallet som uppstår vid energiproduktion. I detta arbete har vi studerat en liten del av det stora projektet att förvara detta radioaktiva avfall, vilket bedrivs av företaget SKB, Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB. Det slutförvar som kommer byggas har i uppgift att isolera det radioaktiva avfallet från miljö och samhälle.  En del av verksamheten i detta slutförvar är transport av bentonitmaterial, som är en typ av lermaterial. Bentonitens uppgift i detta fall är att försluta hål och tunnlar där det radioaktiva avfallet förvaras, 500 meter ner i berget. Vi har i denna studie tagit fram en utvärderingsmodell för att undersöka två transportalternativ för bentonit under jord, där vi främst studerat hur de skiljer sig i aspekt av: Energianvändning Start- och driftkostnad Tid De transportalternativ som studerats är transport med lastbil och transport med skip, som är en typ av gruvhiss. Slutsatsen vi kommit fram till är att lastbilstransport är det mer passande alternativet för den verksamhet SKB kommer att bedriva. Den övervägande styrkan av en skip är den höga hastighet den kan arbeta i, vilket i detta slutförvar inte är en nödvändig egenskap. Genom att i detalj studera den mängd material som ska flyttas samt de unika egenskaper båda transportalternativ besitter, har en jämförelse av olika aspekter kunnat utföras. Denna jämförelse har varit grund för de resultat och slutsatser vi kommit fram till. Resultatet vi presenterat kan användas som referensram för beslut gällande bentonittransporter då SKB’s slutförvar går i drift. / In our society today, the need for energy is greater than ever before. In order to supply this growing demand, Sweden uses a variety of power plants. All kinds of power plants have their advantages and disadvantages. For nuclear power plants in particular, a major disadvantage is the radioactive waste that arises during energy production. In this case study we have examined a small part of the large project to store the radioactive waste, which is run by the company SKB, Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB. The final repository that is currently being planned has the task to isolate the radioactive waste from the environment and society.  A part of the operation in the final repository is the transport of the material bentonite, which is a type of clay. The bentonite's main function is, in this case, to seal the deposition areas where the radioactive waste is stored. Moreover, the material is stored 500 meters down into the bedrock. In this study, we have developed an evaluation method in order to examine two different means to transport bentonite underground, with focus on how they differ in aspects of: Energy consumption Startup- and operational costs Time The two alternatives for transportation that have been studied are trucks and skip, which is a type of mine elevator. Our conclusion is that transport by truck is the more suitable alternative for the operation that SKB will conduct. The predominant strength of a skip is the high speed it can operate at, which in this final repository is not a necessary feature. By studying the amount of material that needs to be moved, and the unique properties of both alternatives for transportation, a comparison of the different aspects has been made. This comparison has been the basis of the results achieved and the conclusions that have been reached. The results presented in this study can be used as a reference framework for decisions regarding how bentonite will be transported when SKB’s final repository goes operational.

Får- och byggnadskroppsdelar - Handlingar och spatiala relationer kring byggnadsdeponeringar av får på Öland. Sheep and building body parts - Actions and spatial relations regarding buildingdeposits of sheep on Öland. Abstract This essay studies ten Ölandic examples of sheep bodies or sheep body parts deposited in Iron Agebuildings. In addition to literary works, the source material examined in the essay also consists ofunpublished sources and two osteological examinations, which were carried out as a part of thework on the essay (appendix 1 & 2).The purpose of the essay is to study both the actions that become visible through the skeletalmaterial, and the possible presence of spatial patterns regarding the bone deposits. The work iscarried out using an action-theoretical approach. Furthermore, a comparative method is used toexamine the ten sites in relation to each other. The results from this are ambiguous. The thesis' mainconclusion is; 1) that the bodies of sheep was sometimes disintegrated on Öland during the IronAge, to be; 2) placed in a certain spatial proximity of the foundation of roof-supporting posts. Keywords: Öland, Iron Age, Ritual Deposits, Sheep, bodies, body parts, foundation, sacrifice, action-theory

The Viking age of Gotland has been subject to extensive studies. Research often addresses treasures, highly monetary valued objects, and changes in religion. In contrast, research on natural objects as fossils have received little attention. This bachelor’s thesis seeks to understand the usage of fossils in the Viking age of Gotland. With quantitative and qualitative analysis of fossils, this material shows us that people made elaborate choices in every step of utilization and with high probably created meaning through them. This study demonstrates that fossils are a heterogeneous archaeological material with capability to show us complementary view of the people who used them.

Mankind strives for accomplishing the mutually agreed goals in Agenda 2030 where the thirteenth goal is to stop climate change. The amount of sand used in several materials is of great importance to the environment. Sand is a crucial component when producing flat glass, and one way of decreasing the construction sectors impact on the climate change is recycling of old flat glass. The study investigates the potential for an easier reuse of flat glass. The purpose of the thesis is to increase the reuse of flat glass and thereby reduce the climate impact from the construction sector. The aim is to bring forth a crosslist for reuse of flat glass, to find out if the bending strength in an old glass can achieve the requirements of today's standards and to make an overall calculation of the costs andthe enviromental savings when reusing flatglass. Several methods were used to achieve the aim, namely a literature study to gather information, dialogues that give a range of how different aspects can be valued and abending strength test that show the reused flatglass´s ability to withstand external pressure. The overall costs and the enviromental impact were also calculated. The result shows that the crosslist encounters for the properties being fulfilled in a reused window, given that the performer has a certain knowledge. The bending strength test showed that the roughly 60 year old flat glass did achieve the requirements and can therefore be used as a product in a new building. The dialouges enlighted the greatest obstacles for reusing flat glass as lack of knowledge and supply. More specific problems while using old flat glass is the matters of energy and guarantee which are essential when deciding if reuse is possible and is problematic for whoever tries to upgrade a window that is not reaching its specified requirements. The requirements if a window is to be reused or not in a specific way is a part of thecrosslist where the properties are categorized from 1 to 3 where 3 has the lowest performance but still achieves the minimum requirements. The possibly changed strength of the tested flat glass in terms of age is difficult to assess as there is no new reference object with a similar thickness to compare with. The overall calculations of costs and environmental impact shows that large savings can be made . The study show the possibilities of how a flat glass can be made by reusin flat glass. Nonetheless, more deep diving studies need to be deducted within the area but perhaps in the long term the study may contribute to increasing the reuse of flatglass.