女性軍訓教官具有陽剛之軍人身分被要求凡事以服從為天職，工作性質、負荷與男性軍訓教官並不因性別而調整工作內容。再者為迎合學校及家長的期望，軍訓教官不但擔任許多非制度面的角色，工作量也與日俱增。然女性軍訓教官仍需肩負較多的家庭責任，換言之，其除了職場的工作壓力之外，在家庭中亦承擔傳統觀念對女性角色的期待壓力。因此，女性軍訓教官之家庭親子關係與生活滿意情形值得深究。 本研究採質性研究深入訪談法，以臺北市政府教育局所屬已婚且育有子女的12位女性軍訓教官為訪談對象，經歸類分析所得研究結果發現如下： 一、權威管教，嚴母慈父 已婚育有子女之女性軍訓教官受到傳統權威管教方式，其每天忙於工作與家庭生活，通常會以恩威並濟方式管教子女，對子女的要求較高。 二、工時延長，影響生活 女性軍訓教官工作時間長，宿舍管理及24小時備勤使得同時面對不可預測的角色衝突之煎熬及壓力，對於已婚育有子女的女性軍訓教官的家庭而言壓力相對是重的。 三、母職天性，家事吃重 在現實生活雙薪家庭中的母親不僅是家事的主要勞動者，同時也扮演教養子女的主要角色。研究發現「女為主，男為輔」仍是受訪女性軍訓教官家庭中家務分工的主流模式。 四、轉化學生，互動良好 女性軍訓教官大部份進入學校場域是基於對「女教師之認同」，最大的成就就是感受到學生喜愛，輔導學生心智轉換變好、協助學生處理問題或幫助找到問題的解決方法，讓學生恢復到正軌。 五、升遷機會、隨緣以對 本研究發現從受訪女性軍訓教官發現其對升遷的看法是隨緣順其自然；而服務年資較短者及尚未晉升中校階級對升遷是不抱希望，這顯示女性軍訓教官對於升遷認為是沒有機會的。 六、重視休閒，休憩為主 女性軍訓教官休閒生活是在家休息為主，有些於假日從事親子戶外活動，少部分寒、暑假視經濟條件情況規劃全家出國。其休閒知覺自由度並不低，在休閒需求方面，具有較高的認同感。 根據以上研究結果，提出具體建議如下：（一）推動軍訓教官師資合格化，降低工作不確定感；（二）拔擢優秀人才，提高工作滿意；（三）適度運用校內人力，營造合諧組織氣氛；（四）開設選修課程，提昇學生生活輔導成效；（五）提供協助幼兒托育，降低育兒情緒壓力；（六）加強女性軍訓教官之支持系統，減少家庭與工作的衝突；（七）重視親子溝通品質，維持良好的關係；（八）積極參與在職進修，增加工作成就感；（九）釐清善用替代角色，提升家庭幸福感；（十）積極生涯規劃，爭取自我實現。 / Due to their virile military status, female military education officers are required to obey orders as part of the profession; their assignments and burdens are never adjusted because of gender difference. Moreover, to meet expectations of school authorities and parents, military education officers in general have to assume roles that may not be specified in the system, thus increasing their daily work. Female officers, however, need to take more familial responsibilities. That is to say, they must face the pressure from work place as well as the pressure from family, caused by traditional expectations of female roles. It is, therefore, worthwhile to investigate the familial/parent-child relationship and life satisfaction of female military education officers. This study adopts qualitative research method and interviews, in depth, 12 female military education officers working in schools supervised by Department of Education, Taipei City Government, who are married and raising children. After categorization and analyses, the findings are listed as follows: I、 Discipline through authority—strict mother vs. kind father Owing to the traditional training and requirements by profession, plus a busy schedule imposed upon life and work, married female officers mostly resort to authority and favors at the same time when disciplining children, thus appearing to be more demanding. II、Prolonged working hours—familial life affected With long office hours as in school dormitory management or on duty around the clock, female officers have to tackle pressure resulting from unpredictable role conflicts, which is comparatively intense for subjects’ families. III、Family as focus—housework amassed In actual life, the mother in a double-income family not only does most housework, but also plays a major part in bringing up children. This study discovers that “female as primary, male secondary” remains the prevalent model for housework sharing in subjects’ families. IV、Transforming students—positive interaction encouraged Most female military education officers applied to assignments in school settings because they identified themselves with “female teachers.” And their greatest sense of accomplishment comes from being liked by students, success in counseling, assisting students in solving problems or finding solutions to problems, and helping them get back to enjoying their student life. V、Promotion opportunities—whatever turns up is accepted According to this study, the interviewed female officers’ attitude toward future promotion may be summed up as “whatever turns up is accepted.” The juniors with few years of service and those not yet awarded the rank of major do not consider themselves hopefuls, which may indicate that most of them do not believe they stand a chance in promotion. VI、Leisure is emphasized—relax at home When off duty, most female officers stay at home and relax; some may participate in outdoor activities with children on holidays, and depending on financial circumstances, few may take a family trip overseas during winter or summer vacation. While the subjects show considerable leisure awareness, they display high conformity regarding leisure requirements. Based on study findings, concrete suggestions are listed as follows: (1) military education officers are certified and legalized as regular teachers to reduce work instability (2) excellent personnel are promoted to guarantee job satisfaction (3) human resources from other departments are properly utilized to cultivate a harmonious working environment (4) relevant electives are offered to enhance student counseling (5) daycare is provided to reduce child-raising pressure (6) the support network for female military education officers is facilitated to minimize conflicts between family and work (7) quality of parent-child communication is emphasized to maintain good relationship (8) sign up for training in job to uplift sense of achievement (9) substitute roles are clearly defined and properly utilized to improve familial relations (10) career planning is strongly recommended for self-realization.

<p>The purpose of this study was to examine how a selection of social welfare officers based on the principle of the best interest of the child construct a minimum level of the material standard in a home. Another purpose was to examine whether different units with varying socioeconomic prerequisites in the municipality of Stockholm construct this level differently.</p><p>The method used in this study was Sociology of Law and two focus groups were used for the gathering of the data. A social constructive theory, a class perspective using concepts of Bourdieu and a perspective of law were used to analyse the material of data.</p><p>The results showed that the courses of action varied from enactment and the policies of the municipality of Stockholm, unspecified theories of the development of children, the conception of what is normal and what children needs, the context in which they work, the development of the society and what they estimate that children needs when attending school. The results also showed a difference between the two units concerning the minimum level of the material standard in a home</p>

<p>Syftet med undersökningen var att försöka definiera vad sjömanseleverna i årskurs 2 och 3 på gymnasiet hade för framtidsplaner när det gällde fortsatt arbete till sjöss som matros, motorman. Dessutom undersöktes hur många som planerade att läsa vidare till sjökapten eller sjöingenjör, samt hur stort intresset av att söka arbete utomlands var bland eleverna. Undersökningen byggde på en kvantitativ metod där resultatet baserades på enkätsvar från fyra olika skolor och totalt 114 svarande elever. Intresset för att fortsätta arbeta som matros var något större än att arbeta som motorman. Majoriteten av de tillfrågade eleverna planerade vidare studier medan endast ett fåtal av de tillfrågade planerade att enbart fortsätta arbeta som matros och motorman. Närmare 80 % av de tillfrågade var intresserade av att söka arbete utomlands. Många av de tillfrågade planerade läsa vidare och frågan är hur branschen skall säkra tillväxten bland matroser och motormän i Sverige?</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis has been to try and define future plans among merchant marine seamen students. Regarding work as able bodied seaman, oiler or to study to deck or engine officer. And also see the interest to apply for marine job positions outside Sweden for example in Norway. The thesis is based on a quantitative method where the result is based on an inquiry from four schools and answers from 114 students. The interest to continue working as able bodied seamen was higher than to continue working as oiler. The majority of the students planed deck or engine officer studies. Only a few of the students planed only to continue as able bodied seamen or oiler. Almost 80 % of the students answered they were interested to apply for marine job positions abroad. Many students planed further studies and the question is how the shipping business should secure the growth of Swedish merchant marine seamen?</p>

Thesis (Ph.D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2000. / "RAND Graduate School." Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-120). Also available on the internet via WWW in PDF format.

The purpose of this study was to examine how a selection of social welfare officers based on the principle of the best interest of the child construct a minimum level of the material standard in a home. Another purpose was to examine whether different units with varying socioeconomic prerequisites in the municipality of Stockholm construct this level differently. The method used in this study was Sociology of Law and two focus groups were used for the gathering of the data. A social constructive theory, a class perspective using concepts of Bourdieu and a perspective of law were used to analyse the material of data. The results showed that the courses of action varied from enactment and the policies of the municipality of Stockholm, unspecified theories of the development of children, the conception of what is normal and what children needs, the context in which they work, the development of the society and what they estimate that children needs when attending school. The results also showed a difference between the two units concerning the minimum level of the material standard in a home

The purpose of this paper has been to reach a greater understanding in how moral inflicts social workers way of handling everyday situations. In what way, if in any way, moral comes to play a part in the making of decisions. In order to reach this understanding we have interviewed two different groups of social workers which we also later on came to compare . One of the groups contained six interviewees and the other group contained five interviewees. Both of these groups were in the ages between 27 – 52.To shed some light over this phenomenon did we use two theoretical perspectives, first Kant’s morale theory and second, consequentialistic utilitarism theory. As a result from the interviews we’ve made, we came to an understanding that the meaning of morale and in what way it can be applied in the everyday work differs between these two professional groups. One of the greater conclusions we came to make, is that one key role is the differences between both work environments, both on a social and a structural level.

A police officer may be subject to anumber of complex situationsand stresses intheir everyday work in which different emotionsmay occur, and whereemotional labour is necessary.  Our intent of the study isto increase understanding of the emotional partof the police work. How the police areexperiencing an emotional preparation for work,experiencing the feelings that occur in work,and how emotions are processed. Wewill also see howthe police handlethe transmutation from their private feelings anddeal with the waythey express the emotional expressions that the colleagues and thepublic expect to see in different situations. We will see how theyhandle the transmutation from public feelings toprivate feelings again.The intention of the study is also to see if thereare organizational conditions that cansimplify the emotional labour of a police,and identify the conditions. We haveconducted seven qualitativeinterviews. By means of thecollected empirical and the theoretical basewe will analyze the emotional labour of a police, and analyze the factors that may affect the emotionallabour.The analysis describes the presence of individual factors, social support and organizational factorsthat can affectthe emotional workof a police. We illustratethe emotional workof a police with thehelp of a model that shows the relationship between different the factors. / Politietkan bli utsatt for en rekke komplekse og påkjennende situasjoner i sinarbeidshverdag hvor ulike følelser kan oppstå, og der et emosjonelt arbeid blirnødvendig. Vårt formål med studiet er å øke forståelsen for denemosjonelle delen i politiets arbeid. Hvordan politiet opplever forberedelsentil et emosjonelt arbeid, opplever følelsene som oppstår i arbeidet, samthvordan følelsene bearbeides. Vi vil også se hvordan politiet handtererovergangen fra sine private følelser, og handterer de slik at de viser defølelsesutrykk som kollegaer og allmennheten forventer seg å se i ulikesituasjoner. Vi vil også se hvordan overgangen handteres fra de offentligefølelsene til private igjen. Studiets formål er å se om det finnesorganisatoriske forutsetninger som kan forenkle det emosjonelle arbeidet til politiet,og hvordan disse ser ut. Vi har gjennomført syv kvalitative intervjuer. Med hjelp av den innsamledeempirien og studiets teoretiske utgangspunkt analyserer vi politietsemosjonelle arbeid, og faktorer som kan påvirke det emosjonelle arbeidet. Analysen beskriver at det finnesindividuelle faktorer, sosial støtte og organisatoriske faktorer som kanpåvirke det emosjonelle arbeidet til politiet. Vi illustrerer det emosjonellearbeidet til politiet med hjelp av en egen modell som viser sammenhengen mellomde ulike faktorene.

Students¡¦ life counseling and guidance has always been the center in student affairs, and life education stands out in school education work. The main goals of students¡¦ life counseling and guidance include cultivating students¡¦ adapting abilities in life and healthy characters. Students are expected to have high self-esteem and autonomous attitude, and hence can be law-abiding, responsible, caring for life, and contributing to the society. In the recent years, however, the social environment has been changing rapidly, and so has the school campus which has always been regarded as a relatively stable organization. Many school incidents can be heard constantly and the previously warm, harmonious and peaceful campus is no more what it used to be. Therefore it has become a crucial issue to make a balance between an open, democratic campus and the securing of campus ethics, cultural passing, and campus security. The military training system is currently gradually transforming into a new style based on ¡§guiding service¡¨ idea. This study is aimed to explore the effects of this new style, meanwhile taking care of campus democracy, openness, ethics, and security, on students¡¦ life counseling and guidance and how students perceive it. The participants in this study are students from three private technological colleges: Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology (CUMT), Diwan University (DU), and Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management (SZMM). After research into related literature and deep investigation in the current military training system in life counseling and guidance, a questionnaire is made to understand how students perceive the military science officers conducting behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students. Besides, students¡¦ perceptions are also analyzed in quantitative data to see the differences and relations in terms of their different backgrounds. The following are the findings of this study: 1. Students in general expressed high approval in the four aspects: conducting behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students. 2. Students in CUMT showed higher approval in the aspect of conducting behavioral guidance and maintaining campus security than those in DU. Students in SZMM showed higher approval in maintaining campus security than those in DU. 3. Students in the third and fourth year showed higher approval in maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students than those in the first or second year. Those with higher family income also showed higher approval than those with lower family income According to the research findings, this study also provides practical suggestions as reference for related education authorities, military science officers and future researchers. 1. Students¡¦ life counseling and guidance in private technological colleges should focus on ¡§maintaining campus security.¡¨ a. Strengthen security management in selected areas in open campus. b. Crack down on those violating the rule: ¡§riding with a helmet¡¨ out of campus and highlight its importance on campus. c. Keep improving the serving quality in the four aspects: conducting behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, dealing with contingency, and taking care of sick or injured students. 2. ¡§Good deeds can offset the wrongdoing¡¨ concept should be incorporated into ¡§moral teaching program.¡¨ 3. General education or military science should be incorporated into ¡§contingency management¡¨ instruction and practices. 4. School should set up a joint unit to serve the sick or injured students. Keywords: military training system, military science officer, students¡¦ life counseling and guidance, behavioral guidance, maintaining campus security, contingency management, taking care of the sick and injured students

<p>In the ever so increasingly competitive business climate of the 21^st century, human resources are vital for corporate success. Employees need proper incentives to perform in goal-oriented manners. Incentive systems, especially Chief Executive Officer [CEO] remunerations, have been a popular topic since the 1990s, and this tendency has increased both during the 2002-2003 corporate scandal era, as well as the financial crisis which sparked in 2007. The recent tendency appears to lean towards companies cutting their executive bonuses as well as criticism and suspiciousness towards large bonus payments. While remuneration policies within the banking industry have been thoroughly debated and researched, another financial industry that is left largely untouched are the insurance companies. The focus of this research is therefore CEO remuneration in European insurance companies.</p><p>This descriptive study, of annual reports of stock-listed insurance companies, uses a purposive cluster sample to explore quantitative trends in CEO remunerations. In addition, a content analysis of five randomly selected companies out of the sample provides a deeper, complementary understanding of the justifications of the trends. The research questions are: <em>What trends on CEO remuneration can be found over the years 2005-2009 in annual reports of European insurance companies, concerning total remuneration, fixed salary and short-term bonus? What justifications do companies make for the remunerations</em><em> over the years 2005-2009</em><em>? </em></p><p>The quantitative part of the research inductively tests the assumption that CEO remuneration has decreased during the past few years 2008 and/ or 2009 due to the impact of the financial crisis. The content analysis part of the research deductively tests if agency theory concerns and issues concerning attraction and retention play a role in determining remuneration policies.<em></em></p><p>From this research, it is concluded that short-term variable pay is largely performance-based. Still, many other aspects serve as input factors when determining compensation levels. Based on the content analysis, it is revealed that interest alignment and attraction- and retention-issues are important determinants of remunerations. Subjective factors such as discretionary judgements also play a crucial role. The quantitative trends found in this study show that total remunerations have decreased markedly in 2008, and more vaguely in 2009. The financial crisis has had an impact on especially the short-term variable part of salaries, but also on base salary levels. Although not all companies that were investigated in the content analysis explicitly mention it in their annual reports, over the years 2005-2009, all of them become more concerned about remuneration policies and business risk factors. Over the investigated years, these companies also become more attentive to creating proactive and sophisticated value creating remuneration policies that are in line with international standards, in order to act legitimate towards stakeholders.</p>

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 155 pages. / Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: At a glance, journalists and public relations practitioners appear to have a dysfunctional relationship, despite having many professional similarities. Both groups use comparable skill sets in their jobs, including writing, information gathering, and making decisions based on news values. Both groups often work with each other in their professional positions; journalists look to public relations practitioners for sources and news tips, while public relations practitioners look to journalists to help send organizational messages to publics. To better understand the issues of trust in this unique working relationship, ten journalists and ten government public information officers from the Tampa Bay, Florida area were interviewed about their perceptions of the integrity, dependability, and competence of their professional counterparts. Using a coorientational lens, themes derived from the comments of both groups were compared for accuracy and agreement. / ABSTRACT: The results indicated that both journalists and public relations practitioners were slow to generalize positive or negative experiences to other individuals or organizations, and that they mostly understood the professional ethics and motivation of the other occupation. However, once an established trust was broken in a relationship, participants universally described that it could not be regained. By comparing themes between the two groups, the data indicated that there were more issues of true consensus than any other situation. Both journalists and government communicators indicated a mutual respect for their professional counterparts and a shared appreciation for the principle of open government, though the data suggested that the two sides were unaware of this agreement. This exploratory qualitative analysis uncovered several interesting trust-related issues in this unique working relationship, many of which are worthy of additional research and exploration. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.