The argument of this paper is that certain salient passages in the New Testament concerning Christology, as it was defined in the Nicene creed in A.D. 325, reflect such orthodoxy better in the Textus Receptus Greek texts and the English translations made from them than do the Alexandrian texts. Arian theology, which was condemned as heretical at Nicea, is examined. Patristic quotations, historical texts, and arguments of the scholars are cited and traced, along with a comparison of Christological verses.

Foi realizado um estudo entre 10 dentistas da cidade de Itu, interior do estado de São Paulo, para avaliar o impacto do conhecimento e aplicação das ferramentas de marketing nos consultórios odontológicos. Para isso foi feito um levantamento inicial e selecionado profissionais que não haviam tido nenhum contato especifico com cursos ou consultorias de marketing anteriormente. O protocolo final sugerido com 11Ps foi uma fusão adaptada baseada nas tradicionais ferramentas de marketing divulgadas por Kotler o mix de marketing; os 4P`s de serviço e complementares desenvolvidos e creditados a Lovelock; as estratégias de marketing baseadas nas armas da Madia Matrix e finalmente num plano de carreira com orientação financeira e qualidade de vida. Em apenas quatro meses todos os pesquisados tiveram expressivas melhorias de posicionamento e estratégia, aumento na receita bruta mensal, mudança de atitudes através das ferramentas sugeridas e finalmente grande percepção da importância do marketing aplicado em suas vidas profissionais. Os resultados demonstraram que o marketing pode ser um recurso eficiente, pode ser melhor utilizado pelos dentistas e deve ser visto como um aliado imprescindível na condução da sua vida profissional. / The research was conducted among 10 dentists in the city of Itu, in state of São Paulo, to evaluate the impact of knowledge and application of marketing tools in the dental office. To this research was done an initial survey and selected only professionals who had not any contact with specific courses or marketing consultancies previously. The final protocol with 11 Ps was suggested based on the traditional Marketing Mix released by Kotler, the 4 Ps Lovelock supplementary and complementary actions based on weapons of Madia Marketing Matrix and a career plan with financial quidance and quality of life. In less than four months all subjects had significant improvements in positioning and strategy, increase in gross monthly income, changing attitudes through the suggested tools and finally great sense of the importance of marketing applied in their professional lives. The results demonstrated that marketing can be a efficient tool that can be better used and should be a great allied in their career.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Funari Bacelo.pdf: 1603593 bytes, checksum: a9a2a620248cc22347d876111ac5b770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-24 / This research aims to analyze the possibilities and limits of the Juridical Practice Offices (JPO's) of the law school so that they constitute and dynamize themselves as producers and facilitators of emancipatory access to justice. The objective is to analyze the practices produced and adopted in such contexts and unveil whether they represent the reproduction of a habitus or a rupture in the structure of the juridical field. A few base elements have been regarded in order to determine the research object: access to justice, as a social right, is considered from a broader perspective then the access to the judiciary power and, mainly, access to law itself as well as to juridical assistance capable of protecting people´s interests effectively; JPO´s are understood as complex environments where distinct demands and interests flow into; juridical teaching is apprehended as a replicator of the practices and dynamics adopted in the juridical field. The importance of research resides in the fact that vice, difficulty setbacks, characteristics of the juridical field, which involve JOP´s, expecting these to make access to justice possible from an emancipatory perspective are capable of conceiled action, remain naturalized and risk to become immutable. The work is composed of theoretical analysis and qualitative research carried out in two JPO´s existing in juridical education context in the city of Pelotas: one is a public institution, the other is a private one. In order to make the interviews, the following subjects were selected: trainee students, professors who worked as advisor at the JPO´s, as well as members of the community who were currently using the service provided. The research revealed that, although a few students are capable of keeping their distance from the regulatory structure of the juridical field by implementing emancipatory practices engaged in the struggle for the effective accomplishment of users' intentions, the related issues and dynamics adopted in most of the study contexts are ruled by the replication of the juridical habitus and, therefore by supporting the interests of the agents involved in providing the juridical assistance services, not the interests of justice itself, which conflicts with the cravings and expectations of users / Essa pesquisa se propõe a analisar as possibilidades e limites dos Escritórios de Prática Jurídica (EPJ s) dos cursos de direito em se constituírem e se dinamizarem como produtores e favorecedores de um acesso à justiça emancipatório. Tem-se por objetivo analisar as práticas produzidas e adotadas nestes contextos e desvelar se representam a reprodução de um habitus ou uma ruptura da estrutura do campo jurídico. Foram levados em consideração alguns elementos balizadores para compor o objeto da pesquisa: o acesso à justiça, como um direito social, é assumido em uma perspectiva mais ampla do que acesso ao poder Judiciário e, sobretudo, acesso ao direito em si e a uma assistência jurídica capaz de dar conta da proteção efetiva e concreta dos interesses da população; os EPJ s são compreendidos como ambientes complexos, onde se tem a confluência de demandas e de interesses distintos; o ensino jurídico é apreendido como reprodutor das práticas e dinâmicas adotadas no campo jurídico. A importância da pesquisa reside no fato de que os entraves no sentido de vícios, dificuldades e características do campo jurídico, que envolvem os EPJ s, numa expectativa de que estes viabilizem o acesso à justiça em uma perspectiva emancipatória, podem atuar veladamente, permanecerem naturalizados e correrem o risco de se tornarem imutáveis. O trabalho é composto por análise teórica e pesquisa qualitativa realizada em dois EPJ s existentes em contextos de formação jurídica na cidade de Pelotas, sendo um de uma instituição privada e o outro de uma instituição pública. Para a realização das entrevistas foram selecionados alunos que cursavam o estágio nos EPJ s, bem como professores que atuavam como orientadores e usuários que tinham demandas e recebiam atendimento nos mesmos. A pesquisa desvelou que, embora uma minoria de alunos consiga se distanciar da estrutura regulatória do campo jurídico e implementar práticas emancipatórias e engajadas na luta pela efetivação das pretensões dos usuários, as questões relacionais e as dinâmicas adotadas nos contextos estudados, em sua maioria, são pautadas na reprodução do habitus jurídico e, portanto, no servir aos interesses dos agentes responsáveis pela prestação do serviço de assistência jurídica e não a interesses de justiça, o que conflitua com os anseios e expectativas dos usuários

Durante as últimas décadas, a concepção dos edifícios comerciais tem migrado de uma simples estrutura de suporte para se traduzir no ambiente necessário à realização de negócios, bem como parte integrante destes. Portanto, o processo de planejamento de um novo empreendimento de escritórios deve envolver não somente as necessidades do usuário final, mas também deve considerar o momento político-econômico e do mercado em particular. Variáveis econômicas, fatores provenientes da relação entre oferta e demanda dentro do mercado de escritórios e causas específicas e aleatórias das principais regiões de uma determinada área em estudo são significativos responsáveis pelo comportamento e aceitação pelo mercado de novos empreendimentos, formando, conseqüentemente, produtos imobiliários com determinada velocidade de absorção pelo mercado, caracterizando, por sua vez, o desempenho de empreendimentos. Através de séries históricas do mercado de escritórios da cidade de São Paulo e de acontecimentos e indicadores políticos-econômicos, esta pesquisa objetiva inferir relações de causa e efeito entre ambos. / During the last decades, the commercial buildings have changed from a simple support structure to the necessary environment to influence business\' results. Therefore, the planning process for creating a new real estate (R.E.) development involves analyzing not only the tenant\'s requirements, but the economy and R.E. market scenario as well. Economic variables, factors originated from offer and demand relations within real estate market, along with both specific and random causes in a distinct study region are meaningful determinants for new buildings\' acceptance by the market. These reasons influence the demand absorption, contributing to characterize the developments\' performance. This research attempts to infer \"cause and effect\" relations between economy and R.E market through historical series of office market data in São Paulo, politicoeconomical indicators and events.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Luiz Iaconis Mauro.pdf: 849035 bytes, checksum: 920dceb33d0a3321cf26f14d08e4c08e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-20 / The proposal of this work is the production of a case study in two law offices of different dimension considering the number of lawyers in order to get how the revenue and payroll cycle are presented and what are the impacts on the measure of professional productivity and the fiscal aspects adopted. After getting the information about the main activities connected to the cycles studied, it was done a comparison with theoretical basis extracted from books, articles, sites and specialized magazines, mainly in the national ambit and some sources from North America. By using of case study tool, that was the use of a questionnaire with seven questions directed to the administrators of the fifties law offices more admired in Brazil in 2009, it has got some data related to more relevant aspects of revenue and payroll cycle, besides the questions of the fiscal aspects adopted and the professional productivity. The intention was to compare the law offices studied with the answers collected from the other offices selected from the list of the most admired of the country in 2009 of Anuário - Análise Advocacia 500 and to cross the data obtained by the case study with the theoretical sources developing the analysis of the results obtained / A proposta deste trabalho é a realização de um estudo de caso em dois escritórios de advocacia, de diferentes portes em relação ao número de advogados, a fim de levantar como os ciclos de receitas e gastos com pessoal são apresentados e quais seus impactos na medição da produtividade dos profissionais e no regime tributário adotado. A partir do levantamento do funcionamento das principais atividades ligadas aos ciclos estudados, foi realizada uma comparação com a base teórica extraída de livros, artigos, sites e revistas especializadas, principalmente no âmbito nacional, bem como algumas fontes do mercado norte-americano. Por meio da ferramenta de estudo de caso, que foi a utilização de um questionário com sete perguntas direcionadas aos administradores dos cinqüenta escritórios de advocacia mais admirados do Brasil em 2009, foram levantados dados com relação aos aspectos mais relevantes dos ciclos de receitas e gastos com pessoal, além das questões do regime de tributação adotado e a forma de remuneração dos profissionais em relação à medição da respectiva produtividade. O intuito foi o de fazer uma comparação entre os escritórios estudados e a pesquisa com outros escritórios, que foram selecionados da lista dos mais admirados do país em 2009 do Anuário - Análise Advocacia 500, e realizar o cruzamento dos dados obtidos pelo estudo de caso com as fontes teóricas, desenvolvendo a análise dos resultados obtidos

The aim of this thesis is to investigate to what extent the officials within the Swedish Government Offices consider themselves to be governed by the political elite (ministers and state secretaries) and the ministerial advisers (chief of staffs, planning directors, political advisers and press secretaries). In an ideal chain of command, the political elite governs the officials, since the ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister to govern the Government Office’s different policy areas. During recent years, political scientists have started to chart a phenomenon of an increasing number of ministerial advisers within the public administration. The Swedish Parliament has no formal capability to review or dismiss these ministerial advisers. Which is considered to be problematic in terms of democratic legitimacy, since the ministerial advisers are neither recruited through a transparent recruitment process based on their merits, nor are they politically appointed based on election results. Hence, the link between election results and who is given the mandate to take part in the policy process within the Swedish Government Offices can be seen as tenuous. The officials are at the government’s disposal to prepare and implement policies, and to contribute with their expertise in different policy areas, regardless of which political party or political coalition that is governing at the time. Thus, the purpose of this thesis has been to study the government officials’ perspective, and to what extent they consider themselves to be governed by the political elite and ministerial advisers. 91 government officials have answered a survey regarding to what extent they perceive that they are governed by the different roles in the political staff, and to what extent they consider having contact with the different roles in the political staff. The collected material has made it possible to merge the officials’ perspective on the different roles within the political staff into the categories the political elite and the ministerial advisers. This has been done in order to calculate a confidence interval to estimate officials’ perspective on the two categories within the Govern- ment Offices as a whole. The main findings of the study are that officials within the Government Offices consider themselves to be governed to a greater extent by the political elite, compared to the ministerial advisers. Although the officials consider that they are governed by the political elite, they have more contact with the ministerial advisers compared to the political elite. This could indicate that ministerial advisers are to a great extent mediating the contact between the political elite and the officials within the Swedish Government Offices.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denis Alves Mariano.pdf: 5897353 bytes, checksum: 800f3cc7cb11cf2895bcb9bf6967cd9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / This research proposes a study on the current scenario of offices buildings technical requalification in the city of São Paulo. After decades of São Paulo city verticalization process, the architecture stock of existing offices buildings, often with great location and urban infrastructure, shows inadequate standards to changing needs and contemporary dynamics work. Through a set of actions, the technical and functional requalification can provide improved performance and increase lifetime to these buildings. Unfortunately the terminology is unclear, requalification is often used as a retrofit or renovation, so it is necessary for better understanding and comprehension, devote a chapter to clarifying the concepts and definitions used by various authors to the issue at hand. The paper presents a chronological brief survey of the offices buildings technological advances, changes in construction techniques and materials developments. It made a classification patterns analysis of offices buildings, highlighting the demands of today's real estate market. On the sequence the research shows a survey and analysis the dynamics of location of offices buildings in São Paulo, evidencing the aged buildings located in regions of further prestige and real estate interest. The study demonstrates the potential existing stock, yet underexplored, for offices buildings requalification in São Paulo city. In a technical nature, at the subsequent chapter, are collected and analyzed recently requalified office buildings cases in the state capital, identifying the key projects practices and the criteria adopted in a requalification project. / O presente trabalho propõe o estudo sobre o atual cenário da requalificação técnica dos edifícios de escritório na cidade de São Paulo. Passadas décadas do início da verticalização da capital paulistana, o acervo arquitetônico existente de edifícios de escritórios, muitas vezes com ótima localização e infraestrutura urbana, apresentam padrões inadequados às novas necessidades e dinâmicas do trabalho contemporâneo. A requalificação técnica e funcional através de um conjunto de ações pode trazer melhorias de desempenho e aumento de vida útil para estes edifícios. Infelizmente ainda é pouco clara a terminologia, muitas vezes requalificação é utilizado como renovação ou retrofit, assim, se faz necessário, para melhor entendimento e compreensão, dedicar um capítulo para elucidação dos conceitos e definições utilizados pelos diversos autores para o tema em questão. O trabalho apresenta um breve levantamento cronológico dos avanços tecnológicos dos edifícios de escritórios, as mudanças nas técnicas construtivas e evolução dos materiais. È feita uma análise das classificações dos padrões dos edifícios de escritório, destacando-se as exigências atuais do mercado imobiliário. A pesquisa na sequência exibe um levantamento e analise da dinâmica de localização dos edifícios de escritórios de alto e médio padrão na cidade de São Paulo, evidenciando os edifícios envelhecidos localizados em regiões ainda de prestigio e de interesse imobiliário. O estudo demonstra o estoque em potencial existente, ainda pouco explorado, para requalificação de edifícios de escritórios na cidade de São Paulo. Em um caráter técnico, no capitulo subsequente, são levantados e analisados casos de edifícios de escritórios recentemente requalificados na capital paulista, identificando as principais práticas de projetos e os critérios adotados em um projeto de requalificação.

During our education to become lighting designers at Jönköping University, the artificial lighting has been in focus. Therefore we wanted to learn more about daylight. We chose to do this from a visual approach in open plan offices. Since daylight is part of the architects´ responsibility to master, we wanted to examine what architects think of when they plan daylight environments in open plan offices and how this is expressed in the buildings with focus on the visual factors. Our questions at issue are: What knowledge do architects have concerning daylight planning, and how do they use this knowledge in their practice? How well do the chosen daylight environments meet the end-users need of a good visual environment? The study consists of three case studies, carried out in the same way. Each case study contains an analysis of the daylight environment in a modern building with open plan offices. A responsible architect was interviewed about the intensions for the building, and about his or her general thoughts about daylight. Three end-users were also interviewed about their experiences of their working environment and the daylight conditions in each building. In total three buildings were analysed, three architects and nine end-users were interviewed. The result shows that it is hard to tell what knowledge architects have about daylight, since it is a part of the overall design of the building. It is also very individual whether the architect displays an interest, and work with daylight issues in an active way. We can see differences in this matter between the interviewed architects. The analysed buildings also show varying results in the visual qualities. The results from our environment analyses are at most part confirmed by the end-users in each building. The problems we have found concerning the daylight environment are primarily the solar shadings and the layout of furnishing. Our conclusion is that architects could benefit from collaboration with lighting designers in daylight issues. This is because lighting designers have more knowledge about the visual conditions of the eye, and a more explicit focus on the end-user. To ensure a good collaboration the lighting designers also need to increase their knowledge about daylight in buildings, and about the building construction as a whole. / Under vår utbildning till ljusdesigners på Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola har fokus legat på det elektriska ljuset. Då vi ville lära oss mer om det minst lika viktiga dagsljuset, valde vi att undersöka detta ur ett visuellt perspektiv i kontorslandskap. Dagsljuset är arkitektens ansvar att behärska, varför vi ville undersöka vad arkitekter tänker på när de planerar dagsljusmiljöer i kontorslandskap, och hur detta yttrar sig i den färdiga byggnaden med fokus på de visuella faktorerna. Följande frågeställningar formulerades: Vilken kunskap har arkitekter om dagsljusplanering och hur använder de sig av denna kunskap i praktiken? Hur väl uppfyller utvalda dagsljusmiljöer brukarens behov av en god visuell miljö? Studien bygger på tre fallstudier utförda på samma sätt. Varje fallstudie innefattar en analys av dagsljusmiljön i en modern byggnad innehållande kontorslandskap. En ansvarig arkitekt intervjuades om intentionerna med respektive byggnad, samt om dennes tankar kring dagsljus i allmänhet. I respektive byggnad intervjuades även tre brukare om deras upplevelse av arbetsmiljön och dagsljuset. Totalt analyserades tre byggnader, och tre arkitekter samt nio brukare intervjuades. Resultatet visar att det är svårt att uttala sig om arkitekters kunskap om dagsljus, då det ingår som en del i gestaltningen av hela byggnaden. Det är även väldigt individuellt huruvida arkitekten intresserar sig för och aktivt arbetar med dagsljusfrågor. Vi ser stora skillnader i det avseendet hos de arkitekter vi intervjuade. De analyserade byggnaderna visar även skiftande resultat i dagsljusmiljöns visuella kvaliteter. Resultatet av våra miljöanalyser bekräftas till stor del av brukarna i respektive byggnad. Problemområden för den visuella dagsljusmiljön som vi fann, är i första hand solavskärmningar samt möblering i rummet. Vår slutsats är att arkitekter kan ha nytta av att samarbeta med ljusdesigners i dagsljusfrågor då ljusdesigners har en större kunskap om ögats visuella förutsättningar och ett tydligare brukarperspektiv. För att ett gott samarbete ska kunna upprättas krävs samtidigt att ljusdesigners ökar sin kunskap om dagsljus i byggnader, och om byggnaders konstruktion som helhet.

<p>During our education to become lighting designers at Jönköping University, the artificial lighting has been in focus. Therefore we wanted to learn more about daylight. We chose to do this from a visual approach in open plan offices. Since daylight is part of the architects´ responsibility to master, we wanted to examine what architects think of when they plan daylight environments in open plan offices and how this is expressed in the buildings with focus on the visual factors.</p><p>Our questions at issue are:</p><ol><li>What knowledge do architects have concerning daylight planning, and how do they use this knowledge in their practice?</li><li>How well do the chosen daylight environments meet the end-users need of a good visual environment? </li></ol><p>The study consists of three case studies, carried out in the same way. Each case study contains an analysis of the daylight environment in a modern building with open plan offices. A responsible architect was interviewed about the intensions for the building, and about his or her general thoughts about daylight. Three end-users were also interviewed about their experiences of their working environment and the daylight conditions in each building. In total three buildings were analysed, three architects and nine end-users were interviewed.</p><p>The result shows that it is hard to tell what knowledge architects have about daylight, since it is a part of the overall design of the building. It is also very individual whether the architect displays an interest, and work with daylight issues in an active way. We can see differences in this matter between the interviewed architects.</p><p>The analysed buildings also show varying results in the visual qualities. The results from our environment analyses are at most part confirmed by the end-users in each building. The problems we have found concerning the daylight environment are primarily the solar shadings and the layout of furnishing.</p><p>Our conclusion is that architects could benefit from collaboration with lighting designers in daylight issues. This is because lighting designers have more knowledge about the visual conditions of the eye, and a more explicit focus on the end-user. To ensure a good collaboration the lighting designers also need to increase their knowledge about daylight in buildings, and about the building construction as a whole.</p> / <p>Under vår utbildning till ljusdesigners på Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola har fokus legat på det elektriska ljuset. Då vi ville lära oss mer om det minst lika viktiga dagsljuset, valde vi att undersöka detta ur ett visuellt perspektiv i kontorslandskap. Dagsljuset är arkitektens ansvar att behärska, varför vi ville undersöka vad arkitekter tänker på när de planerar dagsljusmiljöer i kontorslandskap, och hur detta yttrar sig i den färdiga byggnaden med fokus på de visuella faktorerna.</p><p>Följande frågeställningar formulerades:</p><ol><li>Vilken kunskap har arkitekter om dagsljusplanering och hur använder de sig av denna kunskap i praktiken?</li><li>Hur väl uppfyller utvalda dagsljusmiljöer brukarens behov av en god visuell miljö?</li></ol><p>Studien bygger på tre fallstudier utförda på samma sätt. Varje fallstudie innefattar en analys av dagsljusmiljön i en modern byggnad innehållande kontorslandskap. En ansvarig arkitekt intervjuades om intentionerna med respektive byggnad, samt om dennes tankar kring dagsljus i allmänhet. I respektive byggnad intervjuades även tre brukare om deras upplevelse av arbetsmiljön och dagsljuset. Totalt analyserades tre byggnader, och tre arkitekter samt nio brukare intervjuades.</p><p>Resultatet visar att det är svårt att uttala sig om arkitekters kunskap om dagsljus, då det ingår som en del i gestaltningen av hela byggnaden. Det är även väldigt individuellt huruvida arkitekten intresserar sig för och aktivt arbetar med dagsljusfrågor. Vi ser stora skillnader i det avseendet hos de arkitekter vi intervjuade.</p><p>De analyserade byggnaderna visar även skiftande resultat i dagsljusmiljöns visuella kvaliteter. Resultatet av våra miljöanalyser bekräftas till stor del av brukarna i respektive byggnad. Problemområden för den visuella dagsljusmiljön som vi fann, är i första hand solavskärmningar samt möblering i rummet.</p><p>Vår slutsats är att arkitekter kan ha nytta av att samarbeta med ljusdesigners i dagsljusfrågor då ljusdesigners har en större kunskap om ögats visuella förutsättningar och ett tydligare brukarperspektiv. För att ett gott samarbete ska kunna upprättas krävs samtidigt att ljusdesigners ökar sin kunskap om dagsljus i byggnader, och om byggnaders konstruktion som helhet.</p>

The relationship between politicians and civil servants is ambiguous and potentially problematic in democratic terms. The aim of the thesis is to examine this relationship in the Swedish core executive, Regeringskansliet. More specifically, the analysis emphasises the respective role expectations of the two groups when interacting with each other. The thesis is based on two extensive qualitative interview studies with politicians and senior civil servants, one carried out in the early 1980’s and one undertaken more recently. Hence it also offers an opportunity to analyse whether these expectations have changed or remained stable during the last decades. The findings reveal that the role expectations of politicians and civil servants to a high extent correspond, and have remained relatively stable over time. The relationship between politicians and civil servants is based on norms such as (conditional) trust, delegation and yet relatively close interaction. If so, politicians are unloaded by the civil service in order to handle their external responsibilities. Although relatively informal, a passive hierarchy of roles ensures the superiority of politicians and more specifically of the minister. Civil servants adapt to roles taken by politicians, although providing guidance to the politicians on how to behave in office. The division of labour is not based on the different tasks performed in the policy-making process. Instead, politicians assume responsibility for all actions and decisions – also those undertaken by the civil servants – within the ministries, while civil servants offer politicians protection and security. Taken together these results indicate that the institutionalised norms that surround the relationship between politicians and civil servants are highly powerful. Nevertheless, the thesis also reveals tendencies towards a departure from these norms, suggesting that this relationship is to some extent fragile and exposed to various attempts at reform.