9 actions - Sensoric measures for eternal efficiency is a project negotiating with the consequences of modernist urban planning and its infrastructure which has produced phenomenons like “non-places”, places which neither become or are used according to the procedure of care that our public spaces require. Situated within this idea, I establish a methodology which is formulated as an eternal site analysis, which showcases the process as total and in constant transition, a perspective that rather than becoming an dogma aims to question the raised methodology in relation to site and the analysis within the field of interior architecture. The methodologies aim to embody the sequence of time and space, to bodily engage our senses and re-evaluate the relation to the surrounding environment. This is captured in 9 actions inspired by methods within performance, architecture and installation art. The sequence is examined with different mediums, such as filmmaking, drawings, 3d scans, diagrams, sound recordings, photographs and various other interpretations. A compilation of these acts emphasizes the importance of the methodology of the process and its ability to reconfigure. Concluded and executed at Konstfacks Spring exhibition 2021, visitors were invited to interact with a selection of actions examined during the project. Described below, 3 of the exhibited sequences: “REPET Workshop”; as an act of instruction to understand and question the bodily configuration of normative behaviours in relation to sites. “Pedestrian Measures”; a documented act where the participant was dressed in a reflective apparatus in order to experience irregularities hidden in the spatial hierarchy of sites - as fields of perceived space. “Den gemensamma kroppen”; A collective act, pronounced as the common body of the space. An installation where visitors were invited to dress and interact bodily to engage full focus. A reflective action configuring the use of the body and its sensory abilities in context of common spatial production.

Umeå är en växande stad som ligger längs norrlandskusten. Kommunen har starka mål och ambitioner för att staden ska växa de närmaste 25 åren. Kommunen planerar att komplettera ett område vid namn Berghem med 80-100 lägenheter. Ett helt nytt kvarter ska bildas på nuvarande naturmark i sluttande terräng. Kvarteret ligger nära Umeå centrum och bara ett stenkast ifrån Berghems eget centrum. Berghem är en av de dyraste stadsdelarna i Umeå att köpa en bostad på och kötiderna är bland de längsta för hyresrätter. Vid byggnation på denna plats behöver många faktorer beaktas. Att anpassa byggnaden efter platsen och dess terräng har varit arbetets stora utmaning och fokus har lagts på förstudiearbetet med en ingående platsanalys över planområdet och dess omgivning. Förstudiearbetet och platsanalysen består bland annat av resonemang kring hur solen påverkar byggnadernas placering, hur omkringliggande byggnader påverkar exploateringsgraden och hur markens terräng inverkar på utformningen. Detta arbete har som syfte att gestalta ett förslag för det nya kvarteret. Visionen har varit att skapa ett kvarter med stark anknytning till omkringliggande natur. / Umeå is a growing city that lies along the coast of Norrland. The municipality has strong goals and ambitions for the city to grow over the next 25 years. The municipality plans to complete an area named Berghem with 80-100 apartments. A new block shall be formed on current natural land on sloping ground. The area is near Umeå city center and just a stone throw away from Berghem’s own center. Berghem is one of the most expensive neighborhoods in Umeå to buy an apartment and queues for rental apartments are among the longest. Building on this area needs a lot of factors to take into account. To adapt the buildings to the area and its terrain has been the works greatest challenge, focus has been placed on the pilot study with a detailed site analysis of the area and its surroundings. Pilot study and site analysis consists among others on reasoning about how the sun affects the placement of the buildings, how the surrounding buildings affects on the rate of exploitation and how soil terrain affecting the composition. This work aims to design concept drawings for the new area. The vision was been to create a neighborhood with strong ties to the surrounding nature.

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I examined the effects of potential predators in relation to habitat selection in Peromyscus leucopus. I also examined habitat selection in three other sympatric species (Blarina brevicauda, Blarina carolinensis, Sorex longirostris). I utilized data fiom 49 sampling sites on National Park Service land; Petersburg National Battlefield Eastern Front Unit (15), Five-Forks Unit (17), Appomattox Court House National Historical Park (15) and Booker T. Washington National Monument (12). Sites were categorized by location (park unit) and habitat type (i.e. bottom-land hardwood), and the microhabitat within each sampling site was characterized by four variables (% cover of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and volume of downed wood). Importance values of tree species within each sampling site were also measured. Peromyscus leucopus, B. brevicauda, B. carolinensis, and S. longirostris were captured in all habitat types. Low capture rates for shrew species and high variability in the abundance of shrew species among all sampling sites were likely responsible for the lack of differences in abundance among habitats (p > 0.05). Peromyscus leucopus represented 76% of the captures among prey species and was the only species to demonstrate differences in relative abundance among habitat types. The relative abundance of P. leucopus was higher in bottom-land hardwood habitat when compared to pine forest plantation habitat (ANOVA, p P. leucopus among these habitat types may be explained by differences in understory structural diversity. Furthermore, the corresponding increase in the relative abundance of Procyon lotor (the most abundant predator during the study) in structurally heterogeneous habitat (bottom-land hardwood) suggests the importance of anti-predator behaviors within these habitat types. Ultimately, this may suggest that prey cannot escape the presence or calculate the abundance of predators and instead simply avoid dangerous habitats. Although the relative abundance of the most abundant predator (P. lotor) and prey (P. leucopus) species were positively associated within certain habitat types, a negative association between predator and prey species abundance was evident within parks. In the Eastern Front unit the relative abundance of prey (P. leucopus, S. longirostris) was lower in comparison to the Five-Forks unit while the abundance of P. lotor was higher (ANOVA, p P. lotor, Didelphis virginiana, and Urocyon cinereoargenteus were higher in the Eastern Front unit when compared to the Five-Forks unit. It appeared that the lethal effects of predators are evident at larger scales (within parks) despite the anti-predator behaviors of prey at smaller scales (within microhabitats). My results indicate that at larger scales (within parks) the lethal effects (removal of prey) of abundant predators may overwhelm the non-lethal effects (anti-predator behavior) exhibited by prey at smaller scales, especially in areas where structurally heterogenous habitats are lacking.

O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de desenvolvimento de novas metodologias para o entendimento do uso do espaço interno em sítios arqueológicos de terra firme da Amazônia Central. Há décadas diversos investigadores vêm debatendo sobre a variabilidade destes assentamentos (Meggers, Lathrap, Myers, Roosevelt, Heckenberger e Neves, entre outros). Nosso caso de estudo é o sítio Osvaldo, localizado na área de interfúvio dos rios Negro e Solimões, na margem sul do Lago do Limão. Este sítio apresenta internamente áreas heterogêneas, com variabilidade de profundidade de terra preta antropogênica de densidade de fragmentos cerâmicos, estes afiliados culturalmente à Tradição Barrancóide/fase Manacapuru e à fase Paredão. A análise de agrupamento espacial e padrão composicional mostram similitudes e diferenças entre as áreas mencionadas, evidenciando uma complexidade social interna, cujo entendimento, a partir de analogias etnográficas, tem relevância não apenas para a problemática intra-sítio, mas também para a discussão sobre as relações entre sítios a nível regional e sobre os movimentos migratórios de populações pré-coloniais. / The present work is an attempt to develop new methodologies for the understanding of the use of the internal space in archeological hinterland (terra firme) sites in Central Amazon. For decades, several investigators have debated the variability of these settlements (Meggers, Latrhap, Myers, Roosevelt, Heckenberger and Neves, among others). Our case study is the Osvaldo site, located between Solimões and Negro rivers at the South margin of Limão lake. This site internally displays heterogeneous areas with different depths of anthropogenic terra preta and variable density of pottery fragments culturally linked to the Barrancoid Tradition / Manacapuru phase and Paredão phase. The spatial clustering analysis and the composítional pattern show similarities and differences among the mentioned areas, presenting internal social complexity, of which the observation, from ethnographical analogies, is relevant not only for the intra-site problematic but also for the discussion on the relations among sites at regional level and for understanding the migratory movements of pre-columbian populations.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Nesta tese foi demonstrado que a associação da técnica eletroanalítica Voltametria de Redissolução Anódica de Onda Quadrada (SWASV, do inglês, Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry) com a Análise por Injeção em Batelada (BIA, do inglês, Batch- Injection Analysis) permite o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para a determinação de metais (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg e Zn) em amostras de etanol combustível e biodiesel. Metais podem ser incorporados aos biocombustíveis em processos de armazenagem e transporte, podendo causar danos irreversíveis ao biocombustível, o qual pode danificar motores e causar problemas ambientais. Logo, justifica-se o presente trabalho pela necessidade do desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos visando o controle de qualidade em relação ao teor de metais nestas amostras, preferencialmente métodos de fácil manuseio, rápidos, de baixo custo e robustos. BIA-SWASV permitiu a determinação direta (sem qualquer diluição da amostra) de Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn em etanol combustível empregando eletrodos de Au e filme de Hg. Limites de detecção na faixa de 0,6 a 5 pg L-1, faixa linear de 12,5 a 200 pg L-1 e valores de recuperação entre 87 e 109% foram obtidos para análises de 1 mL de amostra e tempo de deposição de 90 s (tempo total de cada medida de ~200 s). O tempo de injeção da amostra pela micropipeta eletrônica usada no sistema BIA foi de 40 s, ou seja, a deposição dos metais ocorreu mesmo após o término da injeção (transporte difusional das espécies ao eletrodo). Além disso, esta tese apresenta a associação de eletrodos impressos (SPE, do inglês, Screen-Printed Electrode) ao sistema BIA visando o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos com características portáteis. Este sistema foi combinado a outros componentes que funcionam com uso de baterias como, pipetas eletrônicas, mini-potenciostatos e computador laptop, e aplicado à determinação de metais (Pb, Cu e Hg) em amostras de biodiesel após digestão ácida. Empregaram-se nos experimentos SPE’s com tinta condutora de Au (SPGE, do inglês, Screen-Printed Gold Electrode) como eletrodo de trabalho, reduzindo o volume de amostra a 200 pL (em eletrodos convencionais utilizou-se 1000 pL) com tempo de injeção de 40 s (velocidade de injeção de 5 gL s-1) e, nestas condições, obtiveram-se limites de detecção abaixo de 1,0 gg L-1 (equivalente a 6 gg g-1), faixa linear entre 20 e 280 gg L-1 e valores de recuperação entre 90 e 110% para amostras de biodiesel fortificadas. O baixo consumo de amostra no sistema BIA prolongou o tempo de vida útil do SPGE para um dia inteiro de análises (210 injeções). O sistema BIA associado a técnicas eletroanalíticas permitiu o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos de baixo custo, simples, precisos, que empregam pequeno volume de amostra, portáteis (sobretudo com o emprego de SPE’s), que podem ser aplicados para a determinação de rotina e em campo de metais em amostras de etanol combustível e biodiesel. / In this thesis it is shown that the association of electroanalytical technique Square- Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV) with Batch-Injection Analysis (BIA) allows the development of analytical methods for determination of metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg and Zn) in ethanol fuel and biodiesel samples. Metals can be incorporated into biofuels during storage and transportation processes, which can damage engines and cause environmental problems. Therefore, it becomes necessary to develop analytical methods aiming the quality control of metals in these samples, preferably methods that are easy to operate, fast, inexpensive and robust. BIA-SWASV allowed direct determination (no dilution of the sample) of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in fuel ethanol employing Au and Hg film electrodes. Detection limits in the range of 0.6 to 5 pg L"1, linear range from 12.5 to 200 pg L-1 and recovery values of between 87 and 109% were obtained for analysis of 1 mL of sample and deposition time of 90 s (total time of each measurement of ~200 s). The time of sample injection by the electronic micropipette used by the BIA system was 40 s, that is, the deposition of metal occurred even after the end of injection (diffusional transport of species to the electrode). In addition, in this thesis it is presented the combination of Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE) to the BIA system aimed to the development of analytical methods with portable characteristics. This system was combined with other components that operate using batteries as electronic pipettes, mini- potentiostat and laptop computer, and applied to the determination of metals (Pb, Cu and Hg) in biodiesel samples after acid digestion. It was used in the experiments SPE's with Au conductive ink as a working electrode (SPGE), reduced the volume of sample to 200 pL (in conventional electrodes was used 1000 pL) with injection time of 40 s (injection rate of 5 pL s-1), and in these conditions, detection limits lower than 1,0 pg L-1 (equivalent to 6 pg g-1), linear range between 20 and 280 pg L-1 and recovery values between 90 and 110% for biodiesel fortified samples were obtained. The low sample consumption extended the lifetime SPGE’s for a whole day of analysis (210 injections). BIA system associated with electroanalytical techniques allowed the development of inexpensive,simple, accurate, portable (especially with the use of SPE's) analytical methods, employing reduced sample volume, which can be applied for the routine and on-site determinations of metals in ethanol fuel and biodiesel samples. / Tese (Doutorado)

O presente trabalho é uma tentativa de desenvolvimento de novas metodologias para o entendimento do uso do espaço interno em sítios arqueológicos de terra firme da Amazônia Central. Há décadas diversos investigadores vêm debatendo sobre a variabilidade destes assentamentos (Meggers, Lathrap, Myers, Roosevelt, Heckenberger e Neves, entre outros). Nosso caso de estudo é o sítio Osvaldo, localizado na área de interfúvio dos rios Negro e Solimões, na margem sul do Lago do Limão. Este sítio apresenta internamente áreas heterogêneas, com variabilidade de profundidade de terra preta antropogênica de densidade de fragmentos cerâmicos, estes afiliados culturalmente à Tradição Barrancóide/fase Manacapuru e à fase Paredão. A análise de agrupamento espacial e padrão composicional mostram similitudes e diferenças entre as áreas mencionadas, evidenciando uma complexidade social interna, cujo entendimento, a partir de analogias etnográficas, tem relevância não apenas para a problemática intra-sítio, mas também para a discussão sobre as relações entre sítios a nível regional e sobre os movimentos migratórios de populações pré-coloniais. / The present work is an attempt to develop new methodologies for the understanding of the use of the internal space in archeological hinterland (terra firme) sites in Central Amazon. For decades, several investigators have debated the variability of these settlements (Meggers, Latrhap, Myers, Roosevelt, Heckenberger and Neves, among others). Our case study is the Osvaldo site, located between Solimões and Negro rivers at the South margin of Limão lake. This site internally displays heterogeneous areas with different depths of anthropogenic terra preta and variable density of pottery fragments culturally linked to the Barrancoid Tradition / Manacapuru phase and Paredão phase. The spatial clustering analysis and the composítional pattern show similarities and differences among the mentioned areas, presenting internal social complexity, of which the observation, from ethnographical analogies, is relevant not only for the intra-site problematic but also for the discussion on the relations among sites at regional level and for understanding the migratory movements of pre-columbian populations.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a sum parameter that is frequently used in water analytics. Highly resolved and accurate DOC data are necessary, for instance, for water quality monitoring and for the evaluation of the efficiency of treatment processes. The conventional DOC determination methods consist of on-site sampling and subsequent analysis in a stationary device in a laboratory. However, especially in regions where no or only poorly equipped laboratories are available, this method bears the risk of getting erroneous results. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to set up a reliable and portable DOC analyzer for on-site analysis. The presented DOC system is equipped with an electrolysis-based decomposition cell with boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDD) that oxidizes the organic compounds to carbon dioxide. Within this study, the influence of different electrode materials and the composition of the applied electrolytes on the DOC decomposition in an undivided electrolytic cell were systematically investigated. Furthermore, some technical aspects of the portable prototype are discussed. After a detailed validation, the prototype was used in an ongoing monitoring program in Northern India. The limit of detection is 0.1 mg L−1 C with a relative standard deviation of 2.3% in a linear range up to 1000 mg L C−1. The key features of the portable DOC analyzer are: No need for ultra-pure gases, catalysts or burning technology, an analyzing time per sample below 5 min, and a reliable on-site DOC determination.

This thesis focuses on park planning in Dubai, and how current differences in their socio-spatial access can be alleviated by using regional-vernacular design principles. The thesis uses a mixed method approach that begins with the analysis of parks across the entire city to understand their current access and distribution, and then narrows down to focusing on four micro-case studies,which will serve as sites where improvements could be made. These improvements are inspiredby vernacular design and planning and aim to improve current access. All work originates fromthe author unless otherwise cited.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse and interpret the existent and future needs of the people and environment of the mission station, Kwasizabantu,to ensure settlement growth that will enhance the social, economical and environmental aspects of the settlement. This will result in a development framework of the whole site, a master plan for the lifespan of the settlement and detailed design of the heart of the settlement. / Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted