Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare beaktar barnperspektivet i umgängesärenden och vad som är avgörande när socialsekreteraren skall bedöma barnets åsikt. Barnperspektivet inriktades på barns delaktighet. Utgångspunkten för studien var fyra teorier, barndomssociologi, Harts delaktighetsstege, makt och ålderskategorisering samt blivande och varande. Studien genomfördes genom att använda en kvalitativ metod där fyra yrkesverksamma socialsekreterare inom familjerätt intervjuades. Resultatet visade att socialsekreterarna som deltog beaktade ett barnperspektiv på så sätt att de arbetar för och reflekterar aktivt kring att barn ska göras delaktiga i umgängesärenden. De ansåg även att det är viktigt att barnen får möjligheten till delaktighet. Det framkom även att det finns många faktorer som socialsekreterarna anser påverkar barns möjlighet till delaktighet i dessa ärenden och att det är ett komplext ämne. De faktorer som framkommer av resultatet var ålder, mognad, lojalitetskonflikter, föräldrarnas samtycke, relationen mellan socialsekreterare och barn samt riskområden. Slutligen framkom flera förslag på förbättring som kan göras för att barn ska bli ännu mer delaktiga än vad de är idag och att mycket av ansvaret ligger på de vuxna att detta händer. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how social workers consider the child´s perspective in contact orders and what is crucial when social workers was to assess children’s opinions. The child´s perspective focused on children's participation. The starting point for the study was based on four theories: childhood sociology, Hart's participation ladder, power and age categorization and being or becoming. The study was carried out using a qualitative method where four professional social workers in family law were interviewed. The results showed that the social workers who participated considered the child's perspective in that they work for and actively reflect on the involvement of children in contact orders. They believe that it is important that the children get the opportunity to participate. Social workers believe that there are many factors affecting children’s ability to participate in contact orders, therefore making the subject complex/a complex matter. The factors that emerged from the result were age, maturity, loyalty conflicts, parental consent, the relationship between social workers and children and risk areas. Finally, several suggestions for improvement were discovered that could be utilized to make children even more involved in contact orders than they are today, and that much of that responsibility should lie with the adults.

Background: Migration adds particular dimensions to social determinants of health, as being a migrant can make a person more vulnerable to negative health effects. Like in other crises, migrants are vulnerable to both direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19.  Aim: To examine migrants’ opinions about COVID-19 information in Region Uppsala, with regard to comprehensiveness, importance and possibility to follow.  Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data obtained from Uppsala County Council. The sample consisted of n=855 participants aged between 15 and 70 years. Data were retrieved between September and October 2020. Descriptive analysis was used to explore migrants’ opinions, and non-parametric analysis was used to investigate the association between age and migrants’ opinions about COVID-19 information.  Results: Migrants were using different sources for COVID-19 information, with the majority seeking information via school, TV and social media. The migrants’ opinions about the COVID-19 information with regard to comprehensiveness, importance and possibility to follow differed. Most of the migrants knew where to find information regarding COVID-19; however, nearly half of the migrants reported that the recommendations from the authorities should be more extensive. Age differences were detected when it came to wanting the information to be less extensive, and having the necessary information about the authorities work so far and the situation globally. Differences were found between the age groups when it came to the importance of the COVID-19 recommendations, with the younger group indicating a lower level of importance. There were also age differences when it came to the possibility of following the recommendations of staying at home if you are sick and keeping distance, with the younger group indicating a lower possibility to follow the recommendations.  Conclusions: Migrants’ opinions about COVID-19 information in Region Uppsala differed. The results indicate that interventions can be of use, in order to improve migrants’ health information seeking and literacy and an approach tailored by age could be helpful.

Studiens syfte är att bidra med ökad kunskap om hur elever upplever läroboken i historia i årskurs 4–6. Enligt forskning har lärarna en bred valmöjlighet när det kommer till val av läromedel, men av olika anledningar väljer de att använda läroböcker till stor del i undervisningen. Läroplanen (2022) skriver att skolans uppdrag är att främja lärande, där eleverna stimuleras och kan inhämta och utveckla kunskaper och värden. Det är därför intressant för studien att inta ett elevperspektiv. Den vetenskapsteoretiska ansats studien har inspirerats av är hermeneutisk fenomenologi, eftersom det är människors tankar, uppfattningar och åsikter som ska studeras och tolkas i studien. Underlaget för resultatet är fyra fokusgruppsamtal på två olika skolor, med totalt 17 elever på mellanstadiet. Resultatet visar att eleverna anser att läroböcker i stor utsträckning är bra men att den kan upplevas som tråkig. Det finns även saker i läroböckerna som eleverna upplever som onödiga och irrelevanta. Det kan handla om att läroböckerna innehåller gamla bilder eller är kopplade till en äldre läroplan men även några av namnen i läroboken upplever eleverna som onödiga.  I diskussion kommer eleverna fram till att de lär sig bäst när de använder läroböcker men att det bästa är ett varierat arbetssätt. De kommer i sina diskussioner fram till att det bästa är ett varierat arbetssätt. Studiens slutsats är att eleverna har många bra idéer som kan användas i yrkesverksamheten. / The purpose of this study is to contribute with increased knowledge about how students experience the history textbook in grades 4–6. According to research, teachers have a wide choice when it comes to choosing teaching materials, but for various reasons they choose to use textbooks to a large extent in teaching. The curriculum (2022) states the school's mission is to promote learning, where students are stimulated and can acquire and develop knowledge and values. It is therefore interesting for the study to take a student perspective. The scientific theoretical approach the study has been inspired by is hermeneutic phenomenology because it’s about people's thoughts, perceptions and opinions that are to be studied and interpreted in the study. The basis for the results is four focus group interviews at two different schools, with a total of 17 students in middle school. The results show that the students consider the textbook to be good, but that it can be perceived as boring. There are also things in the textbooks that the students feel are unnecessary and irrelevant. It may be that the textbooks contain old pictures or are linked to an older curriculum, but the students also feel that some the names in the textbook are unnecessary. In conclusion, most of the students believe that they learn best when they use the textbook but that the best is a varied way of working. In their discussions, they conclude that the best is a varied way of working. The study's conclusion is that the students have many good ideas that can be used in professional activities.

This dissertation is a study of artistic conventions in the formation of the image of the Others in Chingiz Aitmatov’s novels in different periods. The author intends to point out different conventional forms in Chingiz Aitmatov’s novels by using concrete examples from original texts. In the following part the writer’s thoughts and opinions which are reflected in the process of using conventional forms are analyzed. In the conclusion the author reviews how the use of different conventional forms changes depending on the social-cultural task of forming the image of the Others. This is a new shift in the study of Aitmatov’s works which has positive significance for the study of the writer’s artistic techniques and the development of his art thinking. / Предметом исследования данной диссертационной работы является художественная условность в прозе Айтматова в формировании образа Другого на разных этапах творчества. Автор работы намерен выделять разные формы художественной условности в прозе Чингиза Айтматова, используя конкретные примеры из текстов-оригиналов. Далее в работе анализируются мысли и идеи писателя, отраженные в процессе употребления условных форм. В Заключении автор рассматривает, как меняется применение различных форм художественной условности в зависимости от социокультурной задачи изображения образа Другого. Это новый поворот в исследовании творчества Айтматова, который имеет позитивное значение для изучения художественных способов и развития художественных мышлений писателя.

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This thesis investigates global fight against terrorism in North West Pakistan and Afghanistan from a 21st century perspective in 2018. It focuses on local attitudes towards the War on Terror and their interplay with geo-strategic, regional, international and Pakistan’s domestic landscapes. In doing so, it questions the efficacy of existing academic and policy approaches towards achieving sustainable peace in North West Pakistan in particular and South Asia in general. It also evaluates the impact of regional rivalries especially in between Pakistan and India on the achievement of US foreign policy interests. Part-1 reviews existing literature on terrorism especially in post 9/11 setting. It examines the international discord of agreeing on a single definition of terrorism and its ramifications. It sequentially focuses on character of security in North West Pakistan and neighbouring Afghanistan since colonial times. It also identifies various traditional, religious and societal angles of Pashtun tribes; which always inspired them to fight against external powers. Part-2 combines academic investigations with empirical evidence. The results are correlated with current discussions on modern terrorism, geopolitical pulls and regional rivalries to create a holistic picture. It identifies local attitudes and regional rivalries as major impediments towards achievement of sustainable peace. Research findings indicated that predominant Western academic debates on the conflict were foreign policy inspired with little local and veteran input. By adapting a pragmatic approach the terrorism challenge can be addressed and the region can contribute towards the continuation of ‘Rules Based Order’ within the current phase of Great Power Rivalry.

There are two independent streams of health care in South Africa: traditional healing and Western medicine. Proposals to formally integrate the two streams have been made by the World Health Organization and by the South African Department of Health. In this study, the philosophical background behind each of the two health care models is discussed, as well as literature on the possible integration of the two systems. It has not been clear if Western-trained health-care practitioners would be prepared to work with traditional healers. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine health care practitioners’ opinions, attitudes, knowledge and experiences with traditional healers, and to determine to what extent these variables would predict their intentions to work with these healers. A Within-Stage Mixed Model design was used, and data were collected using a selfdeveloped questionnaire. A total of 319 health care practitioners from State hospitals and clinics in Gauteng and Limpopo provinces participated in the study. The results of the study revealed significant differences between groups of health care practitioners in terms of their opinions, attitudes, experiences and intentions to work with traditional healers. Psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists showed more positive opinions, more positive attitudes, more knowledge and more willingness to work with traditional healers than do general nurses and physicians. Psychiatric and general nurses also had more experiences with traditional healing than did psychiatrists and physicians. The results also revealed that attitudes, knowledge, opinions and experiences predict Western health care practitioners’ intentions to work with traditional healers, with attitudes being the strongest and experiences the weakest predictors. Health care practitioners’ views of traditional healing were contradictory and ambivalent in many instances. This implies that integration of the two health care systems will be complex, that the current potential to integrate the systems is weak and that such integration can only be realised with considerable effort from all stakeholders. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)