Within the last few hundred years, English has gone from being a rather small peripheral language to what it is today – a world language, spoken by millions of people worldwide. The best-known dialects to Swedish learners of English are British English (RP, Received Pronunciation) and American English (GA, General American). Traditionally, British English has been the variety taught in Swedish schools, but due to the recent and growing influence of American English, more and more pupils are using the American dialect. The purpose of this essay is to determine which of these dialects is more common among students in one Swedish school. I have also investigated if the teachers’ English pronunciation and their opinions of the different dialects, as well as the students’ own, have an impact on what variety the students choose to use. The results of the study show that although all students mixed both dialects, American features were predominant. A small number of students spoke mainly British English. A majority of the students claimed to be influenced more by the media than by their teachers. When it comes to the students’ opinions of the two dialects it appeared that the students who used more features from one dialect proved to be more positive towards that dialect. Many students found British English to be snobbish. It was also seen as slightly more classy and beautiful than GA. American English was generally considered cool but cocky. It was not considered as intelligent-sounding as RP, but instead more friendly and reliable.

The diploma thesis, by means of a qualitative research, deals with the attitudes, opinions and behaviour towards media of the selected students who are at grade L3 at a technical secondary school at the beginning of the school year and it is focused on potential changes in these attitudes, opinions and behaviour after a half-year attendance of the subject called Multimedia and Project Education which should fulfil aims written in the RVP dealing with the topic called Media Education. During the research 24 dialogues were realized in two periods, at the beginning of the school year of 2015/2016 and after the first term of this school year. After coding, analysis and interpretation of the data it was observed that there were certain changes in some students' opinions and behaviour; however, most of the students' attitudes were the same. The function of the research is rather explorative and it could be a source of inspiration for a further research taken in the field of media education in the Czech Republic. Although the achieved results dealing with the changes in the field of attitudes, opinions and behaviour are valid only for the selected students at the chosen technical secondary school, the value of the work could be also seen in the fact that, by an example of a school, a teacher and a class,...

Finansiell information ska vara kvalitetssäkrad och ligga till grund för ekonomiskt beslutsfattande för intressenter. En del av denna information berör revisorns åtagande att bedöma ett bolags fortlevnadsförmåga, going concern, och yttra sig kring detta. Tidigare har två steg identifierats i processen att utfärda going concern yttranden men forskare på området menar att det är nödvändigt att lägga till ett tredje steg; med vilken tydlighet yttrandet formuleras. Vad som påverkar utfärdandet och formuleringen av yttranden är oklart men vissa forskare menar attnär klienter är finansiellt stressade utfärdas going concern yttranden och ju mer finansiellt stressat ett bolag är, desto tydligare formulerar revisorn sitt yttrande. I dagsläget saknas en standard för hur svenska revisorer exakt ska formulera sina yttranden. Revisorerna har därmed makten att påverka hur intressenterna uppfattar ett bolags going concern.Syftet med studien var att utforska hur tydligt svenska revisorer formulerar going concern yttranden i konkursbolags senaste revisionsberättelse, samt identifiera hur olika typer av indikatorer på finansiell stress påverkar tydligheten i revisorernas formuleringar av going concern yttranden. Urvalsramen utgjordes av samtliga svenska bolag som gått i konkurs under tidsperioden januari-september år 2014. 4443 bolag undersöktes varav 358 uppfyllde kraven för studien och utgjorde därmed grunden för analys och slutsats. Resultatet framställdes genom ordinal logistisk regression och visar att svenska revisorer i hög utsträckning formulerar tydliga going concern yttranden och att vissa indikatorer på finansiell stress har en påverkan påtydligheten i going concern yttrandena. Studien visar att tre indikatorer på finansiell stress – eget kapital understiger halva aktiekapitalet, underskott i balanserade vinstmedel och långfristiga skulder dividerat med totala tillgångar – inverkar på tydligheten i going concern yttrandena. / Financial information is supposed to be quality assured and form the basis foreconomic decision-making for stakeholders. Some of this information affects the auditor's obligation to assess a company's survival skills, going concern, and to speak about this. Previously, two steps has been identified in the process to issue a going concern opinion but researchers in the field believe that it is necessary to add a third stage; the clarity with which the opinion is formulated. What affects the decision to issue a going concern opinion and the formulation of these opinions is uncertain, but some scholars believe that when clients are financially stressed more opinions are issued. Furthermore they believe that the more financially stressed a company is the more clearly the auditor's opinion is formulated. In the current situation is no standard for how Swedish auditors exactly should formulate their opinions. The auditors thus have the power to influence how stakeholders perceive a company'sgoing concern.The purpose of this study was to explore how clearly Swedish auditors formulates going concern opinions in the bankrupt company's latest audit report, and identify how different types of indicators of financial stress affects the clarity of the auditors formulations. The sampling frame consisted of all Swedish companies that have gone bankrupt during the period from January to September of 2014. 4443 companies were examined of which 358 met the criteria for the study and thus constituted the basis for the analysis and conclusion. The result was produced by ordinal logistic regression and show that Swedish auditors largely formulates clear going concern opinions and some indicators of financial stress has an impact on the clarity of thegoing concern opinions. The study shows that three indicators of financial stress ”equity is less than half the share capital, deficit in retained earnings, long-term debt divided by total assets” affects the formulation of going concern opinions. / <p>2016-06-03</p>

This study deals with the analysis of public opinion about crime and attitudes regarding criminal justice issues along two major dimensions. The first part concerns how respondents rank crime among a list of nine social problems (unemployment, high interest rates, inflation, crime, the high cost of living, moral decline, taxes, dissatisfaction with the government, and Reagan). The second dimension examines some research questions. These are whether there was any association between the respondents' perception of crime trends and each of the following: demographic background, neighborhood safety, the death penalty, gun ownership, frequency of locking doors, avoidance of teenagers, and the evaluation of police job performance; and also whether there was any association between the respondents' victimization experience and seriousness of crime and police job performance. The data were obtained from the archives of the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research in Michigan.

There are two independent streams of health care in South Africa: traditional healing and Western medicine. Proposals to formally integrate the two streams have been made by the World Health Organization and by the South African Department of Health. In this study, the philosophical background behind each of the two health care models is discussed, as well as literature on the possible integration of the two systems. It has not been clear if Western-trained health-care practitioners would be prepared to work with traditional healers. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine health care practitioners’ opinions, attitudes, knowledge and experiences with traditional healers, and to determine to what extent these variables would predict their intentions to work with these healers. A Within-Stage Mixed Model design was used, and data were collected using a selfdeveloped questionnaire. A total of 319 health care practitioners from State hospitals and clinics in Gauteng and Limpopo provinces participated in the study. The results of the study revealed significant differences between groups of health care practitioners in terms of their opinions, attitudes, experiences and intentions to work with traditional healers. Psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists showed more positive opinions, more positive attitudes, more knowledge and more willingness to work with traditional healers than do general nurses and physicians. Psychiatric and general nurses also had more experiences with traditional healing than did psychiatrists and physicians. The results also revealed that attitudes, knowledge, opinions and experiences predict Western health care practitioners’ intentions to work with traditional healers, with attitudes being the strongest and experiences the weakest predictors. Health care practitioners’ views of traditional healing were contradictory and ambivalent in many instances. This implies that integration of the two health care systems will be complex, that the current potential to integrate the systems is weak and that such integration can only be realised with considerable effort from all stakeholders. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

I svenska skolan har lärare ett uppdrag att arbeta förebyggande mot “våldsbejakande” extremism. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur lärare ser på sin roll att arbeta med detta samt hur de menar att deras arbetssituation påverkar deras möjlighet att bemöta extrema åsikter hos elever. Empirin utgörs av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med gymnasielärare från Stockholmsområdet. Dessa har sedan analyserats utifrån Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater som diskuterar lärares arbetssituation, vilken kännetecknas av balans mellan kontroll och frihet (Lipsky 2010). Studiens resultat visar att lärarna upplever det svårt att bemöta extrema åsikter på grund av otydliga direktiv från organisation samt otillräckliga resurser bland annat i form av tidsbrist. De försöker återta kontrollen genom att exempelvis förenkla arbetsuppgifter och hänvisa arbetsuppgifter vidare till en annan instans. Lärarna arbetar utifrån en ambition att bemöta extrema åsikter genom respektfulla samtal. Detta misslyckades dock stundtals, då lärarna upplever brist på tid och verktyg i kombination med krav att hantera extrema åsikter från organisationen. Detta resulterar i att lärarna låter bli att bemöta åsikter alternativt att lärarna, trots ambitionen att bemöta genom samtal, tillgriper tillsägningar och uppfostrande metoder. Lärares arbetssituation har således stor påverkan på deras möjlighet att arbeta mot “våldsbejakande” extremism hos elever. / Teachers in Sweden have an obligation by law to prevent violent extremism. This study aims to examine how teachers experience their work in violent extremism prevention. Our study serves as a window to an understanding of how teachers’ work situation affects their ability to prevent students’ expressing extreme opinions. The empirical data from six interviews with sixth form teachers has been analysed through the lens of Lipsky’s theory on street-level bureaucrats (2010). Street-level bureaucrats are workers such as nurses, police officers and teachers - teachers being the focus of this study. Their work is characterised by a degree of discretion in their power to exercise control over the services they provide to recipients such as students (ibid). The study has mainly shown that teachers experience difficulties managing students’ extreme opinions due to inadequate resources and vague organisational expectations. In order to retake control teachers tend to develop patterns of simplifications in their work duties and referring responsibilities to others. Despite the teachers’ ambition to tackle extreme opinions through respectful conversation, they sometimes fail due to a lack of resources such as time and support, resorting to reprimands. Thus, the teachers role as a street-level bureaucrat has a high impact on their ability to work with violent extremism prevention.

Revisorer i Sverige har i tidigare studier funnits restriktiva med att ge ut fortlevnadsvarningar till konkursbolag. Det saknas studier om huruvida konkursprediktionsmodeller gör bättre förutsägelser  än revisorer i Sverige med hänsyn till kostnader för missklassificeringar (EMC). Syftet med studien är att jämföra precisionen i revisorers fortlevnadsbedömningar med precisionen i konkursprediktionsmodeller baserade på finansiella nyckeltal, samt att undersöka relationen mellan fortlevnadsvarningar, finansiella nyckeltal och konkurser. Studien är kvantitativ och har en deduktiv ansats med en komparativ forskningsdesign. Sekundärdata från svenska onoterade aktiebolags  årsredovisningar har använts.  Resultaten visar att revisorer i Sverige alltjämt är restriktiva med att ge ut fortlevnadsvarningar, men att deras bedömningar i huvudsak har högre precision än konkursprediktionsmodeller för K2-redovisande bolag. När redovisningen blir mer sofistikerad (K3), kan dock konkursprediktionsmodeller ge en högre precision. Studien belyser fortlevnadsbedömningar och konkursprediktionsmodellers utfall utifrån ett kostnadsperspektiv, samt bidrar med kunskap kring fördelar och begränsningar med konkursprediktionsmodeller inom revision. / Auditors in Sweden has been found restrictive with issuing going concern opinions to subsequent bankrupt companies. There is a lack of studies examining if bankruptcy prediction models make better predictions than auditors in Sweden when estimated misclassification costs (EMC) are considered. The purpose with this study is to compare the precision in going concern opinions with the precision from accounting-based bankruptcy prediction models, and to examine the relation between going concern opinions, accounting measures and bankruptcies. The study is quantitative with a deductive approach and comparative design. Secondary data from Swedish private limited companies’ annual reports has been used.  Our results show that auditors in Sweden are still restrictive with issuing going concern opinions, but that their evaluations to a large degree are more precise than the bankruptcy prediction models when used on companies that are reporting by the K2 framework. However, when the accounting numbers are more sophisticated by using the K3 framework, bankruptcy prediction models may be more precise. The study highlights going concern opinions and the outcome from bankruptcy prediction models through a perspective of estimated misclassification costs (EMC). It also contributes with knowledge regarding advantages and disadvantages with using bankruptcy prediction models in auditing.

(in english) The diploma thesis deals with professional motivation and attitude to the education of secondary school students. The work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is primarily focused on the issue of secondary education with emphasis on secondary vocational schools of pedagogy. Subsequently, this part defines the term "pedagogical worker" and the association with professional motivation and professional education. The aim of the research was to find out how students of secondary pedagogical schools assess their professional readiness and how their professional motivation changes during their studies. The data were obtained through a questionnaire survey that was given to students studying in the fields of preschool and extra-curricular pedagogy and pedagogical lyceum. The evaluation of the questionnaire survey found out the results that show predominantly the positive attitude of student's education provided by the schools within the study of pedagogy and their professional training. The results of the research show that the greatest importance for respondents is the ability to combine theoretical knowledge with practical skills, which means that the students also evaluate their studies very positively. The students see the greatest income in the...

This mixed-methods study was conducted to explore the professional opinions of educational leaders regarding selected components in the Race to the Top (RTTT) grant concerning teacher evaluation and compensation and the potential impact on student achievement. A target university was selected that had students who were professionals in the field of education in either instructional or administrative jobs and were pursuing their doctorates in both Education and Educational Leadership. A researcher created survey and follow-up interview were utilized to gather both quantitative and qualitative data for analysis. Quantitative findings revealed that statistically significant differences in the opinions of educational leaders about the potential impact of the RTTT grant teacher evaluation and compensation components on student achievement existed between two types of professional classification (instructional or administrative). No statistically significant relationship was found between self-reported knowledge of the RTTT and opinions of the fairness of the RTTT teacher evaluation and compensation components. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the professional opinions about the potential impact of the RTTT grant teacher evaluation and compensation components on student achievement when self-reported school poverty percentage was considered. From qualitative findings, themes emerged surrounding the uncertainty and lack of understanding about the RTTT grant’s implementation. Though this study provided baseline data on the opinions of educational leaders on the RTTT teacher evaluation and compensation components, there is still much to be learned about the RTTT grant.

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