<p>Syftet med denna studie är att försöka reda ut hur utomhuspedagogiken används bland pedagoger på grundskolan. Vi vill ta reda på vilka uppfattningar pedagoger uttrycker kring utomhuspedagogik samt vilka syften och mål pedagogerna har med att undervisa ute.</p><p>Undersökningens resultat grundar sig på en kvalitativ studie där vi har tillämpat halvstrukturerade intervjuer på åtta pedagoger. </p><p>Undersökningen är även gjord på tre olika skolor i Sverige med olika socioekonomiska förutsättningar och olika fysiska miljöer.</p><p>Arbetet resulterade i att vi kom fram till att utomhuspedagogiken används bland pedagoger men dock väldigt sällan. </p><p>Syftet med utomhuspedagogiken bland pedagogerna har teoretiska utgångspunkter, de är alltså väl medvetna om hur metoden kan stimulera barns utveckling.</p><p>Något som framkom var att pedagogerna upplever mycket problematik kring utomhuspedagogiken vilket skapar ett stort glapp mellan teori och praktik.</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and explain how outdoor pedagogy as a way of education is used by teachers in the elementary school. We want to find out what educationalists’ opinions are about outdoor pedagogy and what purposes and goals they think are associated with outdoor education.</p><p>The results of the investigation are based on a qualitative study where we have used semi-structured interview forms on eight elementary teachers. The studies were conducted at three different schools in Sweden with varying socio-economical and physical conditions.</p><p>In the thesis we concluded that outdoor pedagogy is being put into practice by many educationalists, but very rarely. The purpose of outdoor education among the teachers has a theoretic ground, which means that they are indeed aware of how the specific method can stimulate children’s development. Additionally the study showed us that teachers associate outdoor pedagogy with many inconveniences and problems, thus there is a big discrepancy between theory and practice.</p>

<p>Within the last few hundred years, English has gone from being a rather small peripheral language to what it is today – a world language, spoken by millions of people worldwide. The best-known dialects to Swedish learners of English are British English (RP, Received Pronunciation) and American English (GA, General American). Traditionally, British English has been the variety taught in Swedish schools, but due to the recent and growing influence of American English, more and more pupils are using the American dialect. The purpose of this essay is to determine which of these dialects is more common among students in one Swedish school. I have also investigated if the teachers’ English pronunciation and their opinions of the different dialects, as well as the students’ own, have an impact on what variety the students choose to use.</p><p>The results of the study show that although all students mixed both dialects, American features were predominant. A small number of students spoke mainly British English. A majority of the students claimed to be influenced more by the media than by their teachers. When it comes to the students’ opinions of the two dialects it appeared that the students who used more features from one dialect proved to be more positive towards that dialect. Many students found British English to be snobbish. It was also seen as slightly more classy and beautiful than GA. American English was generally considered cool but cocky. It was not considered as intelligent-sounding as RP, but instead more friendly and reliable.</p>

La sexualité, pourtant base de la reproduction humaine, n’a intéressé les démographes que comme facteur ou déterminant indirect de la fécondité (principalement en Afrique Centrale). L’intérêt des chercheurs en sciences sociales pour des études sur la sexualité est né avec l’émergence du SIDA dans la perspective des comportements sexuels à risque d’IST/VIH/SIDA. Or, cette perspective restreint le champ d’investigation et limite la connaissance, car la sexualité va au-delà des comportements sexuels à risque. Pour nous rendre compte des évolutions ou changements intervenus dans le vécu de la sexualité des jeunes, nous avons mené une enquête par sondage auprès de 2000 jeunes célibataires, scolarisés et non scolarisés, âgés de 15-24 ans dans la ville de Kinshasa. Cette enquête quantitative a été complétée par 19 entretiens approfondis auprès des jeunes filles et garçons, 3 focus groups, des entretiens avec des responsables de différents services et, structures administratifs et de santé qui encadrent les jeunes, … L’étude a cherché à répondre à la question principale de savoir : Comment les jeunes célibataires de Kinshasa vivent-ils leur activité sexuelle et comment se protègent-ils contre les risques d’IST/VIH lors de cette sexualité ? Plus concrètement, l’étude a permis de caractériser cette sexualité de ces jeunes en termes d’intensité et de déterminants. Elle a également appréhendé les stratégies des jeunes en ce qui concerne la protection des rapports sexuels contre le risque d’IST/VIH auquel ils s’exposent. A cause de leur appartenance aux ethnies et religions dont les normes et valeurs interdisent l’activité sexuelle préconjugale, les jeunes kinois sont massivement opposés à la sexualité préconjugale. Cette opposition se révèle de façade, car non seulement la majorité est sexuellement active, mais surtout s’initie précocement. Près de 70 % des filles comme des garçons étaient déjà sexuellement actifs au moment de l’enquête et 1 jeune sur 2 s’était initié avant l’âge de 16,7 ans pour les filles et de 16,9 ans pour les garçons. Leurs croyances religieuses retardent l’initiation sexuelle, tandis que l’appartenance à un ménage aisé facilite l’adoption des comportements à moindres risques. Dès qu’ils commencent leur activité sexuelle, celle-ci devient, non seulement quasiment régulière (surtout chez les jeunes qui sont moins exposés aux informations sur la Santé de la Reproduction), mais aussi multipartenaire. Les jeunes kinois changent de temps en temps de partenaires qu’ils recrutent principalement dans le cercle de pairs. Du fait d’appartenir au même cercle, les jeunes considèrent leurs partenaires comme étant habituels et n’utilisent le condom qu’avec un partenaire « occasionnel » ou lors d’un rapport sexuel rémunéré, une façon pour eux d’appliquer le principe de la stratégie ABC de la lutte contre le sida qui conseille l’utilisation du préservatif avec des partenaires occasionnels. En plus, la plupart des jeunes observent presque toujours une période de continence d’au moins un mois avant d’avoir des rapports sexuels avec leurs nouveaux partenaires. En observant cette période, les jeunes se considèrent davantage comme des partenaires habituels et, même sans avoir procédé préalablement au test sérologique, ils passent à l’acte sans préservatif, s’estimant toujours moins exposés au risque d’IST/VIH. Malgré leur intense activité sexuelle, d’une part, et leur bonne mise en application des conseils pour une sexualité à moindres risques dans leurs pratiques, toutes les structures éducatives (famille, école, église) ne conseillent aux jeunes que l’abstinence sexuelle. Cette inadéquation entre les besoins des jeunes et l’éducation sexuelle offerte mérite d’être soulignée afin d’attirer l’attention des parents et des décideurs sur les dangers que courent les jeunes s’ils ne sont plus correctement accompagnés dans le vécu de leur sexualité.

Syftet med denna studie är att försöka reda ut hur utomhuspedagogiken används bland pedagoger på grundskolan. Vi vill ta reda på vilka uppfattningar pedagoger uttrycker kring utomhuspedagogik samt vilka syften och mål pedagogerna har med att undervisa ute. Undersökningens resultat grundar sig på en kvalitativ studie där vi har tillämpat halvstrukturerade intervjuer på åtta pedagoger. Undersökningen är även gjord på tre olika skolor i Sverige med olika socioekonomiska förutsättningar och olika fysiska miljöer. Arbetet resulterade i att vi kom fram till att utomhuspedagogiken används bland pedagoger men dock väldigt sällan. Syftet med utomhuspedagogiken bland pedagogerna har teoretiska utgångspunkter, de är alltså väl medvetna om hur metoden kan stimulera barns utveckling. Något som framkom var att pedagogerna upplever mycket problematik kring utomhuspedagogiken vilket skapar ett stort glapp mellan teori och praktik. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and explain how outdoor pedagogy as a way of education is used by teachers in the elementary school. We want to find out what educationalists’ opinions are about outdoor pedagogy and what purposes and goals they think are associated with outdoor education. The results of the investigation are based on a qualitative study where we have used semi-structured interview forms on eight elementary teachers. The studies were conducted at three different schools in Sweden with varying socio-economical and physical conditions. In the thesis we concluded that outdoor pedagogy is being put into practice by many educationalists, but very rarely. The purpose of outdoor education among the teachers has a theoretic ground, which means that they are indeed aware of how the specific method can stimulate children’s development. Additionally the study showed us that teachers associate outdoor pedagogy with many inconveniences and problems, thus there is a big discrepancy between theory and practice.

Title:  The effects of online third-party opinions toward Consumer Purchasing Decision on cosmetics products in Thai market Seminar date: June 4th , 2012 Course: Master thesis in International marketing, 15 credits Purpose: The overall purpose of this research is to explain the understanding of the effects of online third-party opinions toward consumer purchasing decision process on cosmetics products in Thai market. This includes the investigation of effective used of online third-party opinions with regards to source credibility and product involvement, specifically toward cosmetics products. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this research is based on literature concerning online third party opinion, consumer decision journey (CDJ), product involvement and source credibility. Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative method was applied. And thus a questionnaire with 147 respondents on Thai market and two interviews of expert marketers were conducted. The respondents for questionnaire are Thai women with specific age range and criteria. Conclusion: The online third-party opinion plays the important role in nowadays in the marketing perspective. And it does affect the consumer purchasing decision process both pre-purchase and post-purchase stage. However, it mostly affects in Consider and Evaluation Stage. With regards to the product involvement and source credibility applying to cosmetics products, these two variables affect to the use of online third-party opinion. Online third-party opinion works best with high involvement product. However, low involvement product also be considered as suitable to use with online third-party opinion. For source credibility, both online expert and consumer reviews perform better when using with high involvement product comparing with low involvement one.

Zugl.: Frankfurt am Main, Univ., Diss., 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Amsterdam, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-[232]) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Amsterdam, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-[232]) and index.

Η παρούσα εργασία αναφέρεται σε μια εμπειρική έρευνα που πραγματοποιήθηκε το σχολικό έτος 2008-09 σε ένα διθέσιο νηπιαγωγείο της Πάτρας. Κύριος στόχος της ήταν να μελετήσει τις απόψεις των γονέων για τα προγράμματα οικογενειακού γραμματισμού και τη δημιουργία ενός προγράμματος που θα ανταποκρίνεται και θα προκρίνει τις ανάγκες τους. Δεκαοκτώ (18) γονείς κλήθηκαν στα πλαίσια μιας ημιδομημένης συνέντευξης να καταθέσουν τις απόψεις τους πάνω στο θέμα αυτό. Οι ίδιοι γονείς συμμετείχαν και σε μια επιμορφωτική συνέντευξη που πραγματοποιήθηκε στο χώρο του νηπιαγωγείου. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι γονείς έχουν ανάγκη από τη δημιουργία ενός τέτοιου προγράμματος, καθώς οι ερωτήσεις και οι απορίες τους πάνω σε θέματα πρώτου γραμματισμού φάνηκε να είναι πολλές, αλλά, ταυτόχρονα, και γόνιμες για την πορεία της έρευνάς μας. Ειδικότερα, διαπιστώθηκε ότι η ύπαρξη ενός τέτοιου προγράμματος είναι, ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμη, καθώς οι υπάρχουσες μελέτες εξαντλούνται κυρίως σε θεωρητικές αναλύσεις, χωρίς να λαμβάνουν υπόψη τη γνώμη των γονέων στο σχεδιασμό των προγραμμάτων. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη, λοιπόν, την άγνοια που υπάρχει, σκοπός μας είναι η έρευνα αυτή να αποτελέσει μια ελάχιστη προσπάθεια, ένα πλαίσιο το οποίο θα λειτουργήσει ως κατευθυντήρια ιδέα για περαιτέρω έρευνα, για πληροφορίες, συμβουλές, ιδέες και απόψεις για τη δημιουργία ενός προγράμματος βασισμένο στις ανάγκες των γονέων. / This essay refers to a classic empiric research that, took place in the school year 2008-2009 at a two-seat nursery school of Patras. The main goal was to study the parents’ opinions of the programs of family literacy and the development of a program that will cover, as well as carry forward their needs. Eighteen (18) parents participated in semi-structured interviews in order to present their views on the subject. The same parents participated in an educational interview that took place in the nursery school’s ground. Results showed that the parents need the creation of such a program. Their questions and inquiries on the subject of first literacy seemed to be many but, in the same time, fruitful for the course of our research. Specifically, it became clear that the existence of such a program is at this time a necessity, as the current researches are consumed in theoretical analysis without keeping in mind the opinions of the parents for the design of these programs. Taking, yet, into account the ignorance, our target is that this survey will manage, as much as possible, to form a frame which will work as the backbone for further searching for advice, information and ideas or opinions for the creation of such a program based on parents’ needs.

This thesis deals with the implementation of the Framework Educational Programme of Basic Education (RVP ZV) in the Czech Republic. It is a brand new educational system which brings in many aspects of modern education and also many essential changes in comparison with the previous educational systems. In the first part of this thesis is described the basic philosophy and the main reasons why such a system has been presented. Then I want to concentrate on the implementation of the Framework Educational Programme of Basic Education to the elementary schools and the creation of the School Educational Programme (ŠVP). The differences in teaching methods of foreign languages are also mentioned. In the last part a questionnaire was used to find out the opinions on the new educational system. The results of this research indicate whether the teachers are in favour of it or not.