本研究針對台灣新聞記者協會的組織經營與會員滿意狀況，以全體正式會員做為問卷分析對象，分別在非營利組織、組織認同感及會員滿意度等影響層面做為分析指標，輔以主導整個會務組織發展方向與決策擬定之理、監事之深度訪談，並加上未加入台灣新聞記者協會之現職記者進行焦點團體訪談，找出台灣新聞記者協會之定位、功能與服務，是否能滿足會員與現職記者群的期望及認同；並分析現有的服務與活動滿意度。 問卷調查的對象是以台灣新聞記者協會全體正式會員的電子郵件信箱做為問卷調查的樣本，依序探討會員滿意度、參與度、服務品質與組織認同感等四大指標，對於會員的影響程度進行分析。 深度訪談的對象是13位理、監事當中的7位，以「半結構性訪談」的方式，了解記協如何經營會員服務、創造參與意義，並剖析現有之困境與關鍵成功因素，以及未來之方向。 焦點團體訪談則是針對六位現職記者，分析台灣新聞記者協會現有之會員服務及組織認同感兩大層面之成效如何，並且深度探討他們為何不加入記協這關鍵問題。 研究結果發現台灣新聞記者協會之會員滿意度僅是及格邊緣的成績，會員主要依賴對組織的專業認同感而對該協會有所認同，卻對於協會的相關服務與品質，多半不滿意而要求再加強。而會員人數不足、經營走向衝突、政治色彩影響、專業性再提升與溝通及參與管道不足等問題，都是記協之困境與眾人期待改善之方向。 / This study aims to investigate the position, function and service of Association of Taiwan Journalists (ATJ) on the one hand, and members and journalists’ satisfaction, expectation, and identification to ATJ on the other. Research methods include general survey, in-depth interview with council members and supervisors who direct organizational management of ATJ, and focus group interview with non-member journalists. The survey was sampled from electronic mail account of ATJ members. Indices include the extent of members’ satisfaction and participation of organizational activities, and organizational identification to ATJ. Based on 7 interviewees out of thirteen council members and supervisors, in-depth interview was conducted with semi-structured questions. It not only seeks to understand the ways in which ATJ provides members with services and meaningfulness, but to analyze organizational obstructions, benefits and prospects of ATJ. Focus group, composed of 6 non-member journalists, is interviewed for analyze performance of ATJ with respect to member services and organizational identification, and for grasp the interviewees’ reasons of not join ATJ. The research findings are several. First, members are barely satisfied with services and performance of ATJ. Second, their identification with ATJ depends upon professionalism. Third, among many organizational obstructions, insufficient amount of member, conflicts of diversified organizational strategy, the effects of political positions, improvement of professionalism, and the increase of channels of communication and participation are the most demanding.

Konsultyrket är en modern anställningsform som har vuxit sig stark på den svenska arbetsmarknaden i takt med dess förändring och företagens ökade behov avflexibilitet. Då en konsult är anställd på ett konsultföretag men har uppdrag ute hos olika kundföretag, kan denne antas tillhöra flera organisationer samtidigt. Uppsatsen syftar till att få en ökad förståelse för konsulters arbetssituation, samt undersöka hur de uttrycker organisationstillhörighet och hur den upplevs påverka dem i deras arbete. Detta har gjorts genom en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer med fem konsulter, vilka arbetar som managementkonsulter inom IT- branschen. Det teoretiska resonemang som ligger till grund för uppsatsen behandlar teorier och tidigare forskning som knyter an till både konsultens arbetsroll och känslan av tillhörighet med organisationer samt dess eventuella påverkan i arbetet. Resultatet av studien visar att konsultyrket beskrivs vara en flexibel anställningsform som präglas av frihet, möjligheter och utmaningar. Det krävs även att konsulten ständigt anpassar sig till sin omgivning och prioriterar mellan de många olika krav som uppkommer. Känslan av tillhörighet beskrivs vara starkast till konsultföretaget men då konsulten har åtaganden till två företag samtidigt har den även visat sig vara splittrad. Tillhörigheten beskrivs påverka konsultens trivsel, motivation samtvilja att stanna inom företaget. / The consultant profession is a modern form of employment that has grown strong in the Swedish labor market in line with the market changes and companies increased need for flexibility. When a consultant is employed by a consulting firm but is commissioned onsite at various client companies, the consultant is assumed to belong to several organizations simultaneously. This paper aims to gain a greater understanding of the consultants' work situation, examine how they express organizational affiliation and how this affiliation influences them in their work. The research has been done through a qualitative study based on interviews with five consultants who are all working as management consultants within the IT sector. The theoretical framework underlying the paper treats theories and previous research that relate to both the consultant's work role and sense of belonging to the organization as well as its possible impact. The results of this study show that the consulting profession is described as a flexible form of employment that is characterized by freedom, opportunities and challenges. It also requires the consultant to constantly adapt to its environment and prioritize between the many different requirements that arise. The feeling of belonging is described to be strongest towards the consultancy, however since the consultant is committed to two companies at the same time, he or she has also proved to be somewhat fragmented. The feeling of belonging is described to affect the consultant's job satisfaction, motivation and willingness to stay within the company.

The purpose of this study was to expand our understanding of the utility of identification in the reduction of out-group derogation. Specifically, this research examined the extent to which individuals can be persuaded to identify with members of a perceived out-group, particularly through the use of online games. Spent is an online, point-and-click game that places users in the role of the working poor. Spent was used to test the potential of serious or prosocial games to increase players’ identification with a group of people who are often on the fringes of social acceptance. Specifically, this research (a) developed a new measurement of cause identification, the Identification with Perceived Out-Group Scale (IPOGS), (b) tested the validity and reliability of the IPOGS, and (c) examined the change in identification with America’s poor after playing the online game Spent. Following a pilot test of the Identification with Perceived Out-Group Scale, 55 young adults (ages 18-35) were recruited to participate in a quasi-experiment. Initially, participants completed the IPOGS and then played the online game Spent. Upon completion of the game, participants took the IPOGS again. Participants were also asked questions about their game play experience and basic demographic information. Results indicate that individuals who had lower levels of identification with America's poor had significantly higher levels of identification after playing the online game. The increase in identification was evidenced in a greater perception of common interests and values, greater affective attachment, and greater willingness to interact with the working poor after playing Spent. These findings suggest that nonprofit organizations may find online gaming beneficial when trying to cultivate identification with their causes, particularly among young adults.

Cette recherche vise à comprendre le processus de la réduction de l’ambiguïté des programmes RSE au sein des organisations, afin d’expliquer les effets de ces programmes sur les attitudes organisationnelles des salariés. Elle tente plus précisément de répondre à la question suivante : comment les acteurs organisationnels construisent un sens à l’engagement sociétal de leur entreprise ? Et dans quelle mesure ce processus de construction de sens influence d’une manière positive leur engagement organisationnel ? Afin d’apporter des éléments de réponses, nous identifions les concepts théoriques qui peuvent rendre compte du mécanisme de l’impact de la RSE sur l’implication organisationnelle des salariés : le sensemaking et l’identification organisationnelle. Cette recherche qualitative est adossée à une étude empirique réalisée en France auprès de 31 acteurs organisationnels appartenant à des secteurs d’activités et des niveaux hiérarchiques différents. Les professionnels interrogés appartenaient tous à des entreprises engagées dans des actions RSE. En parallèle à la présentation de l’analyse de contenu de ces entretiens, nous rapportons les verbatims des interviewés, afin d’illustrer les concepts théoriques mobilisés et leur donner une dimension plus concrète. Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la culture organisationnelle et la capacité de l’entreprise à planifier, mettre en oeuvre, évaluer et communiquer son engagement sociétal offrent aux salariés des indices pour construire un sens à la RSE. L’impact de cette RSE perçue sur l’engagement organisationnel est influencé par l’identification organisationnelle, elle-même impactée par quatre besoins psychologiques : L’estime de soi, l’auto-différentiation, la sécurité, et le Sens / This research aims to analyze the process of reducing the ambiguity of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in organizations, in order to better understand the mechanisms of the impact of CSR programs on employee attitudes. More precisely, this research tries to answer the following question : How do organizational actors construct a meaning for the societal engagement of their company ? And how this process positively impacts their organizational commitment. In order to address this research question, we identify theoretical concepts that can account for the mechanism of the impact of CSR on the employees' organizational commitment : sensemaking and organizational identification. This qualitative research is backed up by an empirical study carried out in France with 31 organizational actors belonging to different sectors and hierarchical levels. The professionals interviewed all worked in companies engaged in CSR initiatives. In parallel with the presentation of the content analysis of these interviews, we report the verbatim of the interviewees, in order to illustrate the theoretical concepts mobilized and to give them a more concrete dimension. The results of this work show that the organizational culture and the capacity of the company to plan, implement, evaluate and communicate its social commitment, offering cues to employees to build a sense of CSR. The impact of this perceived CSR on organizational commitment is influenced by the organizational identification, itself impacted by four

Synthesizing theories of social identity, goal interdependence, and conflict management, this study built and tested a theoretical model in which interdepartmental goal interdependence affects conflict outcomes between different departments through constructive controversy (i.e. the open-minded discussion for mutual benefit) dynamics adopted by employees from different departments in the organization. This study also proposes that organizational identification moderates the link between interdepartmental goal interdependence and constructive controversy. An interview sample of 129 employees from various business organizations and diverse industries in mainland China described and rated a critical incident when they had a conflict with their coworker from another department in the same organization. Results of the structural equations modeling and other analyses support the hypotheses and the hypothesized model that interdepartmental goal interdependence, specially, cooperative, competitive, and independent goals, are antecedents to employees between different departments engaging in constructive controversy and that constructive controversy in turn influences conflict outcomes, specifically, task accomplishment, employee intention to quit, and their intentions for future cooperation. Results further indicate that employee identification with the organization moderates the association of competitive interdepartmental goal interdependence with constructive controversy such that employees who identify strongly with the organization will be more likely to engage in open-minded discussion of controversy dynamics than employees who identify weakly with the organization. These results underline the positive role of employee organizational identification in conflict management, especially under competitive interdepartmental goals. Findings suggest important practical implications that employees from different departments can improve their collaboration in Chinese organizations by strengthening their common organizational identification, setting cooperative interdepartmental goal interdependence, and handling conflict through constructive controversy. The study contributes to the conflict management literature as well as the social identity theory in organizational behavior literature.

No description available.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur företagsledningen internt kommunicerar och effekten av intern kommunikation på organisationsidentifiering vid en större organisatorisk förändring. En kombination av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod används vilken innehåller deskriptivstatistik av både det kvalitativa och det kvantitativa urvalet. Sju hypotestester genomförs på ett urval av 53 respondenter. Studien genomförs på ett företag i Sverige vilket nyligen genomgått en större organisatorisk förändring. Resultatet visar på en tydlig skillnad mellan ledarnas uppfattade effekter av deras interna kommunikation jämfört med medarbetarnas attityd. Resultatet visar också att ledarnas val av kommunikationskanaler stämde väl överens med vadmedarbetarna föredrar. Däremot finner vi att en tydlig kommunikationsplan saknas in omorganisationen. Vidare visar resultatet att medarbetarna uppvisar en hög grad av organisationsidentifiering efter den organisatoriska förändringen. Studien indikerar att organisationer bör fokusera på den interna marknadsföringen efter att de varit med i ett uppköpför att åstadkomma en hög nivå av organisatorisk identifiering inom organisationen och mellanmedarbetare. / The purpose of the study is to examine how the corporate management communicates internally and the effects of internal communication on organizational identification within a major organizational change. We use a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach including descriptive analysis on both the qualitative and quantitative samples. Seven hypothesis tests are conducted on a sample of 53 participants. The study is carried out at a specific company in Sweden that recently went through a major organizational change. Our findings reveal a difference in leaders perceived effects of their internal communication compared to what the employees perceived. On the contrary, our findings also reveal that the leaders use of communication channels fits well with the employees though a lack of a structured communication plan is identified. The findings also show that the employees show a high degree of organizational identification after the organizational change. The study indicates that organizations should focus on internal marketing after a merger or acquisition in order to gain a high level of organizational identification within the organizations and its employees. This thesis is written in Swedish.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la façon dont différentes organisations sont impliquées dans des relations inter-organisationnelles (RIO), en nous centrant sur le secteur culturel. Dans le cadre de méta-organisations cette recherche a pour but de mieux comprendre le déroulement des processus internes des groupes inter-organisationnels par l’analyse des relations entre les individus au sein de ces GIO. Nous souhaitons améliorer leurs chances de succès. Pour analyser les relations entre les individus au sein de ces GIO, nous introduisons le concept d’identification inter-organisationnelle et celui de la compétence collective. Nous considérons que ces deux concepts nous permettent de comprendre la réussite, la stagnation ou l’échec des méta-organisations. Nous allons montrer à travers cette recherche doctorale qu’il est nécessaire de développer une compétence collective, autrement dit, la compétence du collectif de travail inter-organisationnel sur le long terme, pour assurer le succès de la RIO, et que l’identification inter-organisationnelle joue un rôle déterminant dans ce processus. Ainsi, grâce à une étude de cas comparative à visée explicative, dans le secteur culturel, cette thèse propose un modèle qui permet de comprendre le lien entre l’émergence d’une identification et une compétence collective et de mettre en évidence des moyens de management qui permettent d’améliorer les relations inter-organisationnelles. / This thesis looks at the way different organizations are involved in inter-organizational relations (IOR), with a focus on the cultural sector. In the context of meta-organizations, the aim of this research is to better understand how the internal processes in inter-organizational groups take place by analysing the relationships between individuals within those groups. In so doing, we hope to improve their chances of success. To analyse these relationships, we introduce the concept of inter-organizational identification and that of collective competence. We believe that these two concepts can provide us with a better understanding of the success, stagnation or failure of meta-organizations. This doctoral research will demonstrate that it is necessary to develop collective competence, i.e. competence at the level of the inter-organizational working group in the long term, in order to ensure the success of IOR. It will also reveal that inter-organizational identification plays a crucial role in this process. Based on an explanatory comparative case study in the cultural sector, a model is proposed with which to understand the link between the emergence of identification and collective competence and to highlight the management approaches that can be used to improve inter-organizational relations.

[pt] Esta tese investiga como eventos organizacionais traumáticos que envolvem a identidade organizacional afetam os seus empregados. A pesquisa buscou esclarecer a produção de sentidos dos empregados a partir desses eventos e as implicações de dinâmicas identitárias nesse processo. A tese é composta por três estudos, cada um abordando questões específicas de pesquisa. O Estudo 1 foi realizado com empregados da Vale SA após o desastre de Mariana em 2015 e investigou os sentidos atribuídos pelos empregados da Vale S.A. ao desastre de Mariana. Os resultados apontaram que a manutenção do vínculo empregatício influencia a mobilização de mecanismos de defesa do self, e que a intensidade da identificação organizacional define a quantidade e intensidade dos mecanismos mobilizados; o Estudo 2 foi realizado com empregados da Petrobras SA após o escândalo de corrupção de 2014 e analisou como os líderes enfrentaram esses eventos e os processos pelos quais eles deram sentido em resposta à crise. Os resultados indicam que a liderança executiva influenciou o sensemaking por meio de uma estratégia de sensegiving com vistas à reparação da IO, afastando o malfeito e reforçando os seus aspectos positivos. Já a liderança intermediária assimilou o sensegiving, na medida em que ele atendeu as suas próprias necessidades de construção de sentido e defesa do self e; o Estudo 3 foi realizado com empregados da BR Distribuidora após a privatização da empresa em 2019 e revelou os elementos críticos e os processos por meio dos quais os empregados deram sentido ao evento traumático. Os resultados revelaram que a intensidade de ameaça ao self determinou se o empregado vivenciou o fim da IO como mudança - nos casos em que a ameaça foi percebida como menos intensa - ou como perda - nos casos em que ameaça foi percebida como mais intensa. Assim, processos sociais de associação (encontrados na literatura) e dissociação (que emergiram da análise) com vistas a defesa do self e produção de sentido foram mobilizados e os sentidos resultantes foram condicionados à intensidade de ameaça ao self, independentemente, da manutenção ou não do vínculo empregatício. Todos os estudos foram baseados em entrevistas em profundidade e dados documentais e tiveram a análise de conteúdo como ferramenta analítica. A tese contribui para a investigação de como os empregados reagem a eventos organizacionais traumáticos e como processos identitários condicionam a produção de sentido a partir desses eventos. / [en] This thesis investigates how traumatic organizational events involving the organizational identity affect employees. The research sought to clarify employees production of meanings from these events and the implications of identity dynamics in this process. The thesis comprises three studies, each addressing specific research questions. All three studies were based on in-depth interviews and documentary data and had content analysis as an analytical tool. Study 1 was carried out with Vale SA employees after the 2015 Mariana disaster, and investigated the meanings they attributed to the tragedy. The results showed the mobilization of several defense mechanisms, stronger in intensity and number among those still employed and highly identified with the company; Study 2 was carried out with Petrobras SA employees after the 2014 corruption scandal, and analyzed how leaders faced these events as well as the processes by which they responded to the crisis. The results indicate that top management leaders engaged in a sensegiving strategy to repaire the organizational identity, which sought to detach the wrongdoing from it while reinforcing its positive aspects. Middle level leaders assimilated the sensegiving, insofar as it met their own needs for meaning-building and self-defense; Study 3 was carried out with BR Distribuidora employees after the company s privatization in 2019, and unveiled critical elements and processes through which employees give meaning to such a traumatic event. The results suggest that the intensity of threat to the self experienced by employees is connected to the meanings they attributed to the end of organizational identity: as a change - in cases where the threat was perceived as less intense -, or as a loss - in cases where the threat was perceived as more intense. The analyses describes unfolding psicossocial processes of association (found in the literature) and dissociation (which emerged in the study). Resulting meanings seamed to be conditioned by the intensity of threat to the self, regardless the employment status employees mantained after the privatization. The thesis contributes to the investigation of how employees react to traumatic organizational events and how identity processes condition the production of meaning from these events.

Under coronapandemin har distansarbete blivit ett vanligt förekommande arbetssätt och är, som det verkar, här för att stanna. Tidigare forskning på området belyser fördelar som tidsbesparing och mer flexibilitet men distansarbete är inte helt fritt från utmaningar då det bland annat sätter prov på anställdas organisationsidentitet (OI). Föreliggande studies ändamål var således att undersöka sambandet mellan OI och upplevelse av distansarbete. För att besvara frågeställningen utformades en enkät som besvarades av anställda på en av Luleå kommuns förvaltningar (N=56). Undersökningen kom även att undersöka de anställdas inställning till distansarbete framöver. För att beräkna OI hos förvaltningens anställda mättes respondenternas uppfattning av transformativt ledarskap (TL) på förvaltningen samt deras upplevda psykologiska isolering, psykologiska bemyndigande och trivsel på förvaltningen i allmänhet. Resultatet indikerade höga nivåer av OI bland de anställda (M = 65.38, SD = 9.65 på en skala av 16–80) och positiva upplevelser av distansarbetet (M = 28.52, SD = 5.12 på en skala av 7–35). En enkel linjär regressionsanalys visade att en positiv upplevelse av distansarbete hade en positiv inverkan på OI och majoriteten av respondenterna (80%) föredrar att distansarbeta 1–3 dagar i veckan. / During the corona pandemic telework has become increasingly more common in the workplace and is, as it seems, here to stay. Existing research on telework has found benefits of telework concerning time-saving as well as more flexibility. Still, telework is not free from challenges as it, among other things, tests the employees’ organizational identity (OI). This study thus aimed to investigate the relationship between OI and how employees experience teleworking. To answer the research question, a survey was designed and distributed to employees of one of the departments in Luleå Kommun (N=56). The study also came to examine the employees’ outlook on telework moving forward. To calculate OI at the department, the respondents' experience of transformational leadership (TL), psychological isolation, psychological empowerment and well-being at the department were measured. The result indicated high levels of OI among the employees (M = 65.38, SD = 9.65 on a scale of 16–80) and a positive outlook on telework (M = 28.52, SD = 5.12 on a scale of 7–35). A simple linear regression analysis showed that a positive outlook on telework has a positive impact on OI and most of the respondents (80%) prefer to telework 1-3 days a week.