Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceived impact of business intelligence tools on marketing success. Methodology:  This research has conducted based on a literature study in the field business intelligence and pharmaceutical industry marketing. Primary  data  has  been  used  in  this  thesis  to  evaluate  the information technology impact on the  market performance for pharmaceutical industries. The SPSS software package is used to analyze the employee responses and statistical technique. Regression analysis is used to check the impact of information technology on market performance. Findings: One hundred fifty questionnaires were given to the employees of 15 different pharmaceutical companies located in Pakistan. Among them, 104 were collected back and 100 questionnaires were considered valid and used for further analysis. After analyzing the data, it was evaluated that information technology has a significant impact on market performance in pharmaceutical industries. According to the stakeholders, strategic planning, organizational support, knowledge management and technological advancement have significant impact on the success of information technology for decision support systems. Research limitations/Implications: More research will be required on the theory presented in this thesis “The Perceived Impact of Business Intelligence Tools on Marketing Success”.

This research was developed in order to understand the influence of organizational values on the perception of social and organizational support at work, considering the perspective of both employees and managers from the public and private banking sectors. Therefore, a descriptive research of survey type was carried out, drawing on quantitative and qualitative methodologies for the collection and analysis of results. Initially, in the quantitative stage, 332 employees from the banking industry participated, and they answered a questionnaire developed by the Inventory Model Profiles Organizational Values (IPVO) de Oliveira and Tamayo (2004); Scale Perceived Social Support at Work (EPSST) from Gomide Jr., Guimaraes and Damasio (2004), and Perception Scale Organizational Support Office (EPSO), validated in Brazil by Siqueira (1995). In a second step, nine managers from the banks researched participated in the study, and they answered semi-structured interviews, based on the literature about organizational values and organizational and social support at work. Data obtained in the quantitative stage were analyzed with the help of SPSS software to perform statistical tests, while data obtained in the qualitative phase were analyzed qualitatively through the themes determination and the content analysis. The main results show that the main organizational values of banks, as observed for both employees and managers were the Dominion and the Prestige, while the values Well-being, Autonomy and Self-Realization occupied lower positions in the hierarchy. In relation to the social support at work, the highest incidence was attributed to Informational Social Support, and the lowest priority was assigned to Emotional Social Support. In addition, Organizational Support presented the lowest incidence rate, when compared to the types of social support at work. Besides that, the multiple regression analysis revealed that the model with greater explanatory power was often represented by the Organizational Support, whose variance was explained in 70.2% by the Autonomy and Achievement Domain, and Well-being factors, followed by the model General Support, whose variance was explained in 45,6% for the values Autonomy and Achievement, Prestige and Domain. Thus, we found organizational values influence on the perception of social and organizational support at work. / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o propósito de compreender a influência dos valores organizacionais sobre a percepção de suporte social e organizacional no trabalho, sob a perspectiva dos colaboradores e gestores do setor bancário público e privado. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo do tipo survey, valendo-se de metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas para o levantamento e análise dos resultados. Inicialmente, participaram da etapa quantitativa 332 colaboradores do setor bancário, aos quais foram aplicados um questionário elaborado a partir do modelo Inventário de Perfis de Valores Organizacionais (IPVO) de Oliveira e Tamayo (2004); Escala de Percepção de Suporte Social no Trabalho (EPSST) de Gomide Jr., Guimarães e Damásio (2004); e Escala de Percepção de Suporte Organizacional (EPSO), validada no Brasil por Siqueira (1995). Em um segundo momento, participaram do estudo nove gestores dos bancos investigados, com os quais realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, tendo como base a literatura sobre valores organizacionais e suporte social e organizacional no trabalho. Os dados obtidos na etapa quantitativa foram analisados com o apoio do software SPSS para a realização dos testes estatísticos, enquanto os dados obtidos na etapa qualitativa foram analisados através da determinação dos temas e análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados encontrados expõem que os valores organizacionais prioritários das instituições bancárias, segundo a percepção dos colaboradores e gestores, foram o Domínio e o Prestígio, enquanto os valores Bem-estar, Autonomia e Realização ocuparam lugares inferiores na hierarquia. Em relação ao suporte social no trabalho, a maior incidência foi atribuída ao Suporte Social Informacional, enquanto a menor prioridade foi atribuída ao Suporte Social Emocional. Além disso, o Suporte Organizacional apresentou o menor nível de incidência, quando comparado aos tipos de suporte social no trabalho. Ainda, as análises de regressão múltipla revelaram que o modelo com maior poder de explicação foi representado pela variável Suporte Organizacional, cuja variância foi explicada em 70,2% pelos fatores Autonomia e Realização, Domínio e Bemestar, seguido do modelo Geral Suporte, onde a variância foi explicada em 45,6% pelos valores Autonomia e Realização, Prestígio e Domínio. Assim, identificou-se que os valores organizacionais exercem influência sobre a percepção de suporte social e organizacional no trabalho.

[pt] O estudo apresenta proposições teóricas acerca dos diferentes modos pelos quais os militares da Marinha do Brasil percebem e experimentam o Suporte Organizacional no contexto militar naval, e seus impactos nas atitudes e comportamentos individuais. O uso do Método Fenomenográfico permitiu a compreensão mais ampla do fenômeno e sua variação nos modos dos indivíduos em conceber partes dele (MARTON, 1981; MARTON; BOOTH, 1997a; SANDBERG, JORGEN, 2000a). Foram realizadas 29 entrevistas em profundidade, com Oficiais e Praças (de Sargentos a Suboficiais) da Marinha do Brasil, cuja análise deu origem ao Mapa do Espaço de Resultados. As visões que emergiram apontaram que a Percepção de Suporte Organizacional (PSO) é, para os militares da Marinha do Brasil, centrado na Estrutura formando um núcleo duro (fruto das percepções acerca das estruturas de bem estar colocadas à disposição do Militar, aí envolvendo saúde, Assistência Social, conforto, alimentação, dentre outras); posteriormente, a PSO recai na atuação da Chefia Direta (representada sempre pelo Oficial encarregado direto do Militar) para, em seguida, mencionarem o Alto Escalão representado pelos Almirantes da Marinha e suas decisões; por fim, os entrevistados voltam seus olhares para as práticas organizacionais (positivas como o reconhecimento ou, ainda, as negativas decorrentes de práticas veladas no seio da instituição). As concepções sugeridas, da mais profunda para a mais ampla, foram: Percepção de Suporte Organizacional (PSO) Profundo; PSO Relação Indivíduo-Chefia; PSO Alto Escalão; PSO Práticas Organizacionais. O estudo revelou que o Suporte Organizacional é, para os militares da Marinha do Brasil, influenciado por um processo de Identificação Profunda que os faz proteger o núcleo duro de todas as esferas de influência (como, do próprio indivíduo (suas origens e sua família), seus pares, a Organização Militar, a chefia, o Alto Escalão e, por fim, a própria instituição, pormeio de suas práticas). A Fenomenografia nos permitiu revelar a visão dos Militares sobre a Percepção de Suporte Organizacional (EISENBERGER et al., 1986), enquanto que da Teoria da Identidade Organizacional (ASHFORTH; MAEL, 1989; EDWARDS, 2005; ASHFORTH et al., 2008) lançamos mão do conceito de Identificação Estrutural Profunda para compreender o processo de identificação adotado pela Marinha ao longo da vida militar dos indivíduos por meio de processos legais - como a formação, as normas e regras de procedimento - ou velados – como ameaças, pressões ou submissão a situações extremas. Este processo de identificação profunda, batizado de doutrinação, é que permite injetar combustível suficiente para manter a chama do Fogo Sagrado das tradições da Marinha sempre acessa e gera, ao mesmo tempo, uma barreira de proteção no indivíduo contra percepções nocivas à instituição. Este achado é particularmente importante à PSO pois sugere que a percepção dos indivíduos, em organizações cujos processos de identificação são constantemente reforçados, é protegida de eventuais influências negativas oriundas de ações da chefia direta, do alto escalão ou de práticas organizacionais. / [en] The aim of this study is to present theoretical propositions for structuring the various ways that Brazilian Navy personnel perceive and experience a particular phenomenon called Perceived Organizational Support (POS) inside the naval military work environment. The Phenomenographic research framework was used due to its capability to improve comprehension about the phenomena and the variation in ways people experience it in their world (MARTON, 1981; MARTON; BOOTH, 1997a; SANDBERG, JORGEN, 2000a). For the study, 29 in-depth interviews were undertaken, with Officers and Petty Officers (from Chief Petty Officer to Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy) from Brazilian Navy, that gave origin, after analysis, to an Outcome Space Map. The conceptions arise from data point that POS is, for the Brazilian Navy personnel, centered in an structural element forming a hard core (due to perceptions about the structures of well being at the disposal of the personnel, there included health, social assistance, food, comfort, among others); after that, POS makes salient the interaction with direct leadership (centered in officers rank); and, after, POS makes salient the interaction with higher leadership (High level, like Admirals) and their decisions; and, finally, POS set eyes to organizational practices (positives, like recognition or even negatives, like shadow practices (those practices not well recognized by the Navy). The conceptions, from the deepest to the wide-ranging, were: Deep Structured POS; Relational POS Chief-Individual; Relational POS Admirals-Individual; and, Organizational Practices POS. The methodology revealed the variation in ways Brazilian Navy Personnel Perceived the Organizational Support, and showed how a Deep Structured identification process make them protect the hard core from other interactions (Boss, high level administration, or the organizational practices) ou others influence areas (like, from the own person (family or its origins); their peers; the own Military Organization; their boss; or, even, the Brazilian Navy). From the phenomenography we uncover the different ways of experiencing POS(EISENBERGER et al., 1986), and from the Identity Theory (ASHFORTH; MAEL, 1989; EDWARDS, 2005; ASHFORTH et al., 2008) we learned about Deep Structured Identification (DSI) to understand the process of Identification conducted by the Navy during all career using legal methods (from the formation and from the use of rules and regulations) and dark methods (like threatening, pressures, or extreme situations submission). This DSI, labeled doctrination, injects enough fuel to keep the Sacred Flame of Navy traditions on and, at the same time, creates a protection barrier in the individual against bad perceptions attacking the Navy. This finding is specially important to POS due to its suggestions that the perceptions of the individuals, in organizations that adopts Deep Structures Identification processes, are constantly reinforced and protected against bad influences from different origins (boss, high level, or organizational practices).

Informal leaders can have similar effects on firm performance as formal leaders. Although informal leadership can play a critical role in organizational functioning, empirical research concerning this issue is scarce. I conceptualized informal leadership as a continuous variable, and tested the relationship between informal leadership and the following variables. First, this study examined how informal leaders can influence over other members, even though they do not possess formal power. Five indicators, i.e., performance, turnover intention, career satisfaction, work engagement, and optimism were selected to assess the qualities of informal leaders as role models. Second, this study advanced our understanding of how demographic factors (i.e., age, educational background, and work experience) contribute to shaping informal leadership. In addition, T-test was chosen to test whether informal leadership is more noteworthy in women than men. Lastly, this study compared the effects of informal and formal leaders on team effectiveness.

Globalization in the past few decades has been marked by increased mobility of highly skilled workers from one country to another. Even though self-initiated expatriation is a widespread phenomenon, it is a relatively under-researched phenomenon in the academic literature, especially in an organizational context. Existing literature shows that not all individuals are equally suited to embark on a new life in another country, and self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) could be particularly susceptible to failure since they have no support from a home organization. This study was designed to investigate the experiences of self-initiated professional expatriates and the effect it had on their work performance. The purpose was to understand how their organizational and social experience affected their cross-cultural adjustment process and in turn affected their individual work performance. The researcher used a qualitative method using semi-structured interviews, observations, and documents with ten self-initiated expatriates. This study contributed to the expanding literature on the experiences of self-initiated expatriates, specifically how different support systems affected cross-cultural adjustment and individual work performance.

Orientation: Perceived Talent Management Practices, Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Supervisor Support are distinct but related constructs, and all of them appear to influence an employee’s intention to quit an organization. Research Purpose – The objective of this study was to investigate Generation Y’s perception of an organization’s talent management practices and to determine how it relates to their intention to quit the organization. In essence, the study aims to establish possible relationships of four constructs: Perceived Talent Management Practices, Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS) and Intention to Quit. The mediating/moderating characteristics of POS and PSS on the relationship between Perceived Talent Management Practices and Intention to Quit are also investigated. Motivation for the study – Talent is the new tipping point in corporate success. It has the potential to be the origin of an organisation’s demise or the reason for its continuous success. A concept that exuberates this much potential for both disaster and prosperity validates some examination into its protection. Research design, approach and method – Four Instruments (HCI Assessment of Talent Practices (HCI), Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS), Survey of Perceived Supervisor Support and an Intention to Quit Scale) was administered to a convenience sample of 135 employees from a population of 450 employees working in three provinces in which the organization was operational. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and Multiple Regression analysis were used to investigate the structure of the integrated conceptual model on Perceived Talent Management Practices, POS, PSS and Intention to Quit. Main findings - The findings of this study indicates a strong practically significant positive correlation (r(df = 135; p < 0.001) = 0.724, large effect). between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS). A strong practically significant positive relationship (r(df = 135; p < 0.001) = 0.640, large effect) was found between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and the employee’s perception of the organization’s Talent Practices. The study confirmed a strong practically significant negative relationship (r(df = 135; p < 0.001) =-0.569, large effect) between Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and the employee’s Intention to Quit. A medium practically significant negative relationship (r(df = 135; p < 0.001) = -0.436, medium effect) was established between Intention to Quit and Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS). This study determined a medium practically significant positive correlation (r(df = 135; p < 0.001) = 0.471, medium effect) between Perceived Supervisor Support (PSS) and the employee’s perception of the organization’s Talent Practices. The findings also establishes a medium practically significant negative relationship (r(df = 135; p < 0.001) = -0.477, medium effect) exists between employees’ perception of the organization’s Talent Practices and their intention to quit the organization. Multiple regression confirmed that neither POS nor PSS mediates/moderates the relationship between Perceived Talent Management Practices and Intention to Quit. Practical/Managerial Implications - Cappelli (2008) stated that paradigms only come undone when they ”encounter problems that they cannot address. But before the old paradigm is overthrown, there must be an alternative, one that describes new developments better than the old one does” (Cappelli, 2008). This study provides evidence that management can use paradigm shifts as a talent retention strategy where the creation of a high perception of talent management practices will result in a lower intent to leave the organization. Contribution: The findings of this study indicate a positive relationship between perceived talent management practices, POS and PSS. The study also established a positive relationship between POS and PSS. A negative relationship was confirmed between POS, PSS and Perceived Talent Management Practices in relation to Intention to Quit. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att belysa det organisatoriska samt kollegiala stödets betydelse i förebyggandet av sekundär traumatisering. Sekundär traumatisering är ett fenomen som drabbar flera yrkesgrupper, däribland socionomer. Följderna av sekundär traumatisering kan påverka den drabbades privat- samt yrkesliv och det kan i vissa fall leda till utbrändhet, PTSD eller PTSD-liknande symtom. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativt slag och använder sig av semistrukturerade intervjuer med socionomer för att för att få en fördjupad förståelse för deras upplevelser av det förebyggande arbetet mot sekundär traumatisering. Tidigare forskning har framförallt fokuserat på individuella copingstrategier för att förebygga sekundär traumatisering och mindre på det kollegiala samt organisatoriska stödets betydelse i frågan. Resultatet från det insamlade materialet analyseras i en tematisk analys genom de teoretiska perspektiven organisationskultur och känsloarbete samt psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Resultaten visar att det organisatoriska och kollegiala stödet uttrycks ha en stor betydelse för det förebyggande arbetet av sekundär traumatisering. Trots detta visar resultaten av vår studie också att mycket av detta ansvar istället hamnar hos individen. Studien visar också att det kollegiala stödet uttrycks ha en stor betydelse men att det också har sina begränsningar då det sällan finns några riktlinjer för hur stödet ska vara utformat. Även ansvaret för detta kan felaktigt tillskrivas till individnivå och leda till stress för individen. Tidigare forskning har inte fokuserat på helheten av problemet utan snarare de individuella strategierna. Vi ser därför att det är av stor vikt att framtida forskning fokuserar på även det organisatoriska och kollegiala stödets betydelse i förebyggande av sekundär traumatisering för att lyfta en del av ansvaret ifrån individen.

The development in today's labor market is characterized by digitalization and it is becoming increasingly common to work in teams where collaboration mainly takes place in digital forums. The new ways of working cause challenges regarding fellowship and social interaction in digital teams. Research shows that it is more difficult to achieve fellowship and affiliation to colleagues in teams that do not meet physically. Communication in digital teams is characterized by formal interactions, rather than informal ones, which complicates opportunities to socialize "around the coffee machine" in the same way as in a physical organizational context. The organization plays an important role in enabling successful digital work through organizational support structures such as training, guidelines, and well-functioning communication tools. The purpose of this study is to investigate how members of digital teams perceive digital teamwork, with a focus on how they experience social interaction and feelings of fellowship. The study further aims to provide insight into how organizations contribute to the digital teams through support structures. The study is based on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with people who are part of digital teams. The results from the interviews are explained with Gunnar Aronsson et al. 's team definition, Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective and Randall Collins' theory of interaction rituals. The study shows that there are difficulties in achieving feelings of fellowship in digital teams because communication consists mainly of formal interactions. Digital work is sometimes perceived as lonely. The study also shows that the organization plays a crucial role in providing opportunities for the digital teams to interact informally and thereby develop a fellowship. / Utvecklingen på dagens arbetsmarknad präglas av digitalisering och det blir allt vanligare med arbetsteam där samarbetet huvudsakligen sker i digitala forum. De nya arbetssätten medför utmaningar med avseende på gemenskap och social interaktion i teamen. Forskning visar bland annat att det är svårare att uppnå gemenskap och anknytning till kollegor i team som inte möts fysiskt. Kommunikationen i digitala team kännetecknas av formella interaktioner, snarare än informella, vilket komplicerar möjligheter att socialisera “runt kaffeautomaten” på samma sätt som i en fysisk organisationskontext. Organisationen spelar en viktig roll för att möjliggöra framgångsrikt digitalt arbete genom organisatoriska stödstrukturer som exempelvis utbildning, riktlinjer och välfungerande kommunikationsverktyg. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur medlemmar i digitala team uppfattar det digitala teamarbetet, med fokus på hur de upplever social interaktion och känslor av gemenskap. Studien syftar vidare till att ge insikt i på vilket sätt organisationer bidrar till de digitala teamen genom stödstrukturer. Studiens datainsamlingsmetod är kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer som ingår i digitala team. Resultaten från intervjuerna förklaras utifrån Gunnar Aronsson et al:s teamdefinition, Erving Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv och Randall Collins teori om interaktionsritualer. Studien visar att det finns svårigheter med att uppnå känslor av gemenskap i digitala team. Kommunikationen består huvudsakligen av formella interaktioner, vilket försvårar teammedlemmarnas möjligheter att lära känna varandra. Digitalt teamarbete upplevs ibland som ensamt. Det framgår även av studien att organisationen spelar en avgörande roll för att tillhandahålla tillfällen för de digitala teamen att interagera informellt och därigenom utveckla en gemenskap.

Employee disengagement is a significant issue for leaders and managers in many organizations. The general problem is the workforce in many American organizations includes disengaged employees. In 2016, only 33% of the workforce in the United States was engaged. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between the independent variables of mentoring, which include role modeling, acceptance and confirmation, and mentoring friendship functions with a dependent variable of employee engagement. The moderating variable of perceived organizational support was measured to test the strength or weakness of the effects that mentoring has on employee engagement. The theoretical foundation for this study was social exchange theory. The researcher recruited a convenience sample of 307 technicians and technologists representing 7 industries. The participants completed surveys and questionnaires to provide their views of mentoring, perceived organizational support, and work engagement. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis, including Pearson's correlations, linear, and stepwise regression analysis. The results of the inferential analyses indicated that each part of the mentoring variables (career support, psychosocial support, and role modeling) had an independent impact on work engagement. The interaction between psychosocial support and organizational support was also significant after accounting for the effects of mentoring and organizational support. The findings indicate that managers can achieve positive social change and improve employee well-bring within their organizations by being dutifully involved in their employees' work lives. Managers should also be available to apply resources such as mentoring for technicians and technologist when needed.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Previous research has established that supportive work and family environments are critical in helping employees manage stressors that lead to work-family conflict. However, little is known about alternate ways that work-family conflict can be reduced in situations where support is insufficient. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory, this study examines whether individual differences in personality, specifically core self-evaluations (CSE), can relieve work-family conflict when external sources of support (i.e., family-supportive organizational perceptions (FSOP), supervisor support, family support) are low. Results from 453 men and women in various industries and organizations suggest that FSOP and supervisor support reduce work-to-family conflict (WFC), and that family support reduces family-to-work conflict (FWC). In addition, work-family conflict mediated the negative relationships between social support and employee burnout. Contrary to predictions, however, instead of compensating for low FSOP, WFC was reduced especially for individuals, particularly men, who had both strong FSOP and high CSE. This implies that men who hold more positive views toward their self-worth and competence stand to gain more from family-supportive work environments than individuals who lack the same internal resources. CSE did not have this boosting influence for women. CSE also moderated the indirect relationship between FSOP and burnout through WFC, meaning that individuals with high CSE who also perceived their organization as family-supportive experienced significantly less burnout than those with low CSE.