presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento das orientações e escolhas estratégicas, ao longo de dez anos, em empresas brasileiras de performance superior. A partir de uma abordagem longitudinal, de natureza qualitativa, foram analisadas duas empresas em posição de destaque no cenário mercadológico nacional. As empresas estudadas foram o Grupo Gerdau e a Natura Cosméticos S. A. Para acessar as orientações e escolhas estratégicas, optou-se por uma triangulação de fontes primárias e secundárias, que incluiu entrevistas com Diretores, Presidentes e Executivos, análise de relatórios anuais e análise de campanhas publicitárias, pelo período dos dez anos. Os resultados revelam que as orientações estratégicas norteiam o desenvolvimento de estratégias, que possuem um forte componente cultural e que embasam as práticas gerenciais das companhias. As contribuições da tese aqui apresentada incluem a identificação das interações entre as orientações estratégicas desenvolvidas para responder às mudanças no mercado, bem como a indicação de algumas das iniciativas desenvolvidas pelas companhias no sentido de estender suas crenças, valores e competências a seus fornecedores e clientes.Ademais, foi possível observar como evoluem, nas grandes companhias que foram analisadas, as escolhas e caminhos estratégicos, ao longo de um continuum de tempo. Outro importante resultado da pesquisa aqui apresentada foi a identificação do caráter estável e constante da orientação estratégica central de uma dada companhia. Além disto, foi possível identificar os componentes das diferentes orientações estudadas o que fornece insights e auxilia na demarcação dos conceitos para futuros trabalhos que possam ser realizados sobre o tema. / The present work aims to analyze the development of strategic orientations and of strategic choices along a period of ten years, in Brazilian companies which present superior performances. Employing a qualitative longitudinal approach in the present study, were analyzed two different companies which posses a standing out position on national marketing scenery. The studied companies were Grupo Gerdau and Natura Cosméticos S. A. In order to access their strategic orientations and choices, it was made an option for a triangulation technique, which included interviews with some of their directors, presidents and other executives in charge, and the analysis of annual reports and of publicity campaigns made throughout this selected period of ten years. The results of this research gave evidences of the facts that the strategic orientations lead the development of the company strategies, and that they possess a strong cultural component, and that they base the managing practices of the companies. The contributions offered by the here presented thesis include the identification of the main interactions between the strategic orientations developed by the firms to propose an answer to the changes observed in the market, as well as the indication of some of the initiatives which were developed by the companies, aiming to extend their beliefs and values and competences to their suppliers and clients. Additionally, it was possible to observe, in the analyzed companies, how do evolve the strategic choices and the strategic routes, along a continuum of time. Another important result brought out by the same here presented research was the identification of the standing and constant character of the core strategic orientation in a specific company. Moreover, it was also possible to identify the components of the different studied orientations, and this aspect offer important insights and helps on the establishment of concepts and constructs for future works to be made on the same subject.

Apesar de constituírem parte fundamental da prática clínica em psiquiatria e saúde mental, as psicoterapias ainda são pouco investigadas do ponto de vista científico. Este estudo tem o objetivo de examinar as preferências de profissionais da saúde mental em relação às escolas de psicoterapia ao longo da história e investigar a aplicação clínica corrente de uma das abordagens psicoterápicas mais praticadas na atualidade. Tanto quanto sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo a conduzir uma revisão sistemática e metaregressão que examina as prevalências globais de orientações teóricas entre psicoterapeutas ao longo dos últimos 50 anos, e especialmente na ultima década, conforme apresentado no primeiro artigo. A utilização no momento atual de intervenções cognitivo-comportamentais para um amplo espectro de transtornos psiquiátricos e outras condições médicas foi o objeto de estudo do segundo artigo. Por meio de busca computadorizada de artigos da literatura em bancos de dados eletrônicos, conduzimos uma revisão sistemática de pesquisas realizadas com profissionais de saúde que investigaram sobre suas afiliações a escolas psicoterápicas publicadas no período entre 1960 e 2012. Sessenta artigos que apresentavam dados originais com porcentagens específicas de preferências dos terapeutas por uma das 5 escolas de psicoterapia de maior preferência foram incluídos na análise. Posteriormente foi realizada uma segunda revisão sistemática de todos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) publicados no ano de 2014 que descreviam a comparação de uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental com outra forma de intervenção psicossocial ou tratamento médico. Trezentos e noventa e quatro ECRs foram identificados e incluídos na análise final. Os dados analisados no primeiro estudo demostram que na ultima década a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) é o modelo teórico praticado por cerca de 28% dos psicoterapeutas pesquisados, seguido pela abordagem eclética/integrativa praticada por cerca de 23% dos profissionais. A orientação teórica psicanalítica e psicodinâmica foi endossada por 15% dos profissionais de saúde pesquisados. No segundo estudo, dados extraídos de artigos publicados no ano de 2014 revelaram que cerca de 58.000 indivíduos foram submetidos a intervenções cognitivas e comportamentais para tratamento de 22 diferentes diagnósticos médicos e psiquiátricos. Conforme esperado, 20% dos ensaios abordaram tratamentos para transtornos depressivos. Outras condições médicas, como tratamentos para dores e fadiga crônicas, e sintomas colaterais de tratamentos para o câncer, foram tratadas com intervenções cognitivas e comportamentais em 75 estudos, 19% do total. Um em cada 4 estudos foi feito em grupo; 65/394 estudos realizaram intervenções via computador; e quase todos (95% do total) foram realizados em países de alta renda econômica. Há um interesse crescente na utilização do modelo cognitivo-comportamental de psicoterapia por parte dos profissionais de saúde mental. Desde que iniciou sua trajetória, esta abordagem foi a única dentre as 5 estudadas que apresentou aumentos sistemáticos na porcentagem de terapeutas que professavam sua utilização na prática clinica. Um grande número de resultados de ECRs realizados em um único ano, com amostras de estudos conduzidos em todos quadrantes do planeta, relatando sua utilização cada vez mais abrangente para diferentes condições clínicas, demonstra a tendência de consolidação definitiva das terapias cognitivas comportamentais em nosso arsenal terapêutico. / Despite being an essential part of clinical practice in psychiatry and mental health, psychotherapies are still poorly investigated from a scientific point of view. This study aims to examine the endorsements of mental health professionals to psychotherapeutic orientations throughout history and to investigate the current clinical applications of one of the most practiced psychotherapeutic approaches. To our knowledge, this study is the first one to conduct a systematic review and meta-regression examining the prevalence of theoretical orientations amongst psychotherapists worldwide in the last 50 years, particularly in the last decade, as presented in the first article. The current uses of cognitive-behavioral interventions in a wide scope of psychiatric and other medical disorders was the second article focus. From a computerized literature search, we conducted a systematic review of the literature identifying any research conducted with health professional published in the period between January 1960 and December 2012. Sixty papers containing original data about the single preferred orientation of psychotherapists for one of the five most endorsed schools of psychotherapy were included in the final analysis. Then a second systematic review of the literature of all published papers in the year of 2014 describing randomized controlled trials that compared cognitive behavioral therapies with another form of psychosocial intervention or medical treatment was conducted. Three hundred ninety four studies were identified and included in the final analysis. The analysis of the data from the first study shows that in the last decade cognitive-behavioral therapy is the theoretical model practiced by around 28% of the researched psychotherapists, followed by the eclectic/integrative approach preferred by around 23% individuals. The psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theoretical orientation was endorsed by 15% of health professionals. In the second study, extracted data from papers published in the year of 2014 revealed that around 58,000 individuals underwent cognitive and behavioral interventions for the treatment of 22 different medical and psychiatric diagnoses. As expected, treatments for depressive disorders were the focus in 20% of trials. Other medical conditions, as chronic pain and fatigue, and collateral symptoms of cancer treatments, and insomnia, were treated with cognitive behavioral interventions in 75 studies, 19% of total. One in every 4 studies conducted group treatments; 65/394 studies performed computer-assisted psychosocial interventions; and almost all (95% of total) were conducted in high-income economy countries. There is a growing interest by mental health professionals in the cognitivebehavioral model. Since its appearance, this approach was the only one amongst the 5 studied that showed systematic increases in the percentages of therapists’ endorsements. The high number of randomized clinical trials conducted in a single year, with study samples from all planet quadrants, reporting an increasingly widespread use for different clinical conditions, demonstrates a definite consolidation of cognitive behavioral therapies in our therapeutic arsenal.

Existing studies on happiness in consumer research argued that brands should contribute to consumers’ happiness through experiences, yet they have failed to discuss how individual brand experience dimensions could contribute to consumer happiness, leading to increased brand loyalty and price premium. Bridging brand experience and consumers’ orientation to happiness literature together, this thesis theoretically argues and empirically proves that brand experience could influence brand loyalty and price premium through the mediating effect of consumer happiness. Survey data collected from 1086 participants based on their restaurant dining experiences in the UK show that each brand experience dimension affects consumer behaviour outcomes differently. Relational brand experience contributes the most to happiness, brand loyalty and price premium, followed by emotional brand experience. The findings support the mediating role of happiness and its orientations between brand experience dimensions and consumer behaviour outcomes. Further, the result validates the three different orientations to happiness in a consumption context, and demonstrates that pleasure is the dominant route to happiness, compared to meaning and engagement. The thesis aids new light to existing understanding on brand experience and happiness. Marketers are recommended to focus their effort on delivering certain brand experience dimensions more effectively. For restaurant brand managers, relational and emotional brand experience dimensions are considered most important to acquire customers brand loyalty and price premium.

The object of this thesis is to explore the connections between race, gender and equestrianism. This aim stems from personal experiences of becoming a “horse girl” in a Swedish horsebackriding context, which indeed is lined with racialized and gendered norms. I am inclined to understand how equestrianism, i.e. horseback riding practices and communities, often comes to be considered as white and (un)obtainable for some and not others. Through interviews with nine equestrians located in the United States and observations in their stable environments, the thesis seek to investigate how gender and racial norms appear and materialize, and thus shape the interviewed participants lived experiences in horse human environments. Through a theoretical framework of Sara Ahmed’s elaboration on phenomenology, Karen Barad’s term intra-action and Donna Haraway’s figuration companion species, the thesis discusses the multi-layered and complex ways in which race and gender is produced in and produces equestrian spaces and practices. The analysis shows that equestrianism is habitually oriented around whiteness, shaping the proximity between some (and not other) human and horse bodies in the regional landscape where the participants reside. Horses are both organized in and organize the contours of the city, entangled in the politics of racial segregation and the materialization of classed environments and neighborhoods. Equestrian communities, especially those that practice the disciplines of dressage and show jumping, repeatedly welcome and extend certain human (and non-human) bodies while stopping and questioning others. Further, different equestrian spaces materializes in differentiating and multi-sensoric ways, making certain color schemes, tactile sensations of textures and scents appear as racialized and gendered, and in turn forms the premises of belonging. The thesis then displays the political and affective connections between human and non-human bodies, objects and rooms in the specific context of equestrianism, and argues that such aspects must be understood as co-produced rather than separate entities. The discussion thus complicates binary dichotomies such as nature and culture, human and non-human and matter and discourse, showing how such aspects instead are entangled in the production of equestrianism and racialized and gendered “difference”.

presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento das orientações e escolhas estratégicas, ao longo de dez anos, em empresas brasileiras de performance superior. A partir de uma abordagem longitudinal, de natureza qualitativa, foram analisadas duas empresas em posição de destaque no cenário mercadológico nacional. As empresas estudadas foram o Grupo Gerdau e a Natura Cosméticos S. A. Para acessar as orientações e escolhas estratégicas, optou-se por uma triangulação de fontes primárias e secundárias, que incluiu entrevistas com Diretores, Presidentes e Executivos, análise de relatórios anuais e análise de campanhas publicitárias, pelo período dos dez anos. Os resultados revelam que as orientações estratégicas norteiam o desenvolvimento de estratégias, que possuem um forte componente cultural e que embasam as práticas gerenciais das companhias. As contribuições da tese aqui apresentada incluem a identificação das interações entre as orientações estratégicas desenvolvidas para responder às mudanças no mercado, bem como a indicação de algumas das iniciativas desenvolvidas pelas companhias no sentido de estender suas crenças, valores e competências a seus fornecedores e clientes.Ademais, foi possível observar como evoluem, nas grandes companhias que foram analisadas, as escolhas e caminhos estratégicos, ao longo de um continuum de tempo. Outro importante resultado da pesquisa aqui apresentada foi a identificação do caráter estável e constante da orientação estratégica central de uma dada companhia. Além disto, foi possível identificar os componentes das diferentes orientações estudadas o que fornece insights e auxilia na demarcação dos conceitos para futuros trabalhos que possam ser realizados sobre o tema. / The present work aims to analyze the development of strategic orientations and of strategic choices along a period of ten years, in Brazilian companies which present superior performances. Employing a qualitative longitudinal approach in the present study, were analyzed two different companies which posses a standing out position on national marketing scenery. The studied companies were Grupo Gerdau and Natura Cosméticos S. A. In order to access their strategic orientations and choices, it was made an option for a triangulation technique, which included interviews with some of their directors, presidents and other executives in charge, and the analysis of annual reports and of publicity campaigns made throughout this selected period of ten years. The results of this research gave evidences of the facts that the strategic orientations lead the development of the company strategies, and that they possess a strong cultural component, and that they base the managing practices of the companies. The contributions offered by the here presented thesis include the identification of the main interactions between the strategic orientations developed by the firms to propose an answer to the changes observed in the market, as well as the indication of some of the initiatives which were developed by the companies, aiming to extend their beliefs and values and competences to their suppliers and clients. Additionally, it was possible to observe, in the analyzed companies, how do evolve the strategic choices and the strategic routes, along a continuum of time. Another important result brought out by the same here presented research was the identification of the standing and constant character of the core strategic orientation in a specific company. Moreover, it was also possible to identify the components of the different studied orientations, and this aspect offer important insights and helps on the establishment of concepts and constructs for future works to be made on the same subject.

Achievement goal theory is one of the most broadly accepted theoretical paradigms in educational psychology with over 35 years of influencing research and educational practice. The longstanding use of this construct has led to two consequences of importance for this research: 1) many different dimensionality representations have been debated, and 2) methods used to confirm dimensionality of the scales have been supplanted from best practice. A further issue is that goal orientations are used to inform classroom practice, whereas most measurement studies focus on the structure of the personal goal orientation scales rather than the classroom level structure. This study aims to provide an updated understanding of one classroom goal orientation scale using the modern psychometric techniques of multidimensional item response theory and bifactor analysis. The most commonly used scale with K-12 students is the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Scales (PALS); thus, the PALS classroom goal orientation scales will be the subject of this study.

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) perspective changes across countries due to different political goals, culture, organizational factors and educational theories. Those differences are expressed in curriculum orientations that generate different curriculums, practices and interactions in the different preschool contexts. This study aims not only to analyse how the preschool math curricular orientations in two European countries are organized, but mostly intends to demonstrate in what extent is preschool teachers understanding about teaching and pedagogical awareness interfere with their perspectives about national curricular orientations. Portugal and Sweden are the countries represented in this study. Both preschool math curricular orientations were compared as well as other relevant background variables. Preschool teachers from each country were interviewed via zoom for data production. Results show that even though there are different perspectives about the math curricular orientations that generate different approaches and practices, both countries understand the importance of the child as an active constructor of their mathematical knowledge.

No description available.

Individuals who suffer from depression can be stigmatized by labeling and resort to negative stigma coping orientations such as secrecy and withdrawal, resulting in internalized self-stigma. Self-stigma can have negative effects such as low self-esteem, low self-efficacy, isolation, and feeling like a failure. Guided by modified labeling theory, the purpose of this study was to fill a gap in the literature on predictors of two orientations (challenging and deflecting) of positive stigma coping. Challenging stigma involves taking action, and deflecting is a cognitive strategy; both are used to positively cope with the stigma of mental illness. Predictors included symptom severity, depression literacy, stereotype awareness, treatment seeking, social support, and stigma sentiments in a sample of undergraduates (N = 195). Results from a canonical correlation found that individuals with high scores on deflecting and, simultaneously, low scores on challenging tended to have high scores on stigma sentiments and low scores on both symptom severity and treatment seeking. Analyzed in independent regressions, challenging was significantly predicted only by symptom severity (+), while deflecting was predicted by symptom severity (-), depression literacy (+), and stigma sentiments (+). These findings reinforce the potential for individuals who suffer from depression to address stigma using healthier and more affirming coping orientations. Implications for positive social change include a decrease in self-stigma regarding depression, less negative stigma coping, an increased awareness of how depression stigma affects individuals who suffer from the disorder, and a decrease in the social stigma of depression. Educators and practitioners can apply this information in academia, counseling, and clinical practice.

No description available.