Šiuo tyrimu buvo siekiama išanalizuoti kaimo mokyklų 7-10 klasių mokinių vertybines orientacijas ir jų sąsajas su sveikata bei žalingais įpročiais. Vertybių įvertinimui buvo naudojamas klausimynas pagal adaptuotas Rokeach (1972), Wolff ir kt. (1968) vertybių skales ( pagal tarptautinius tyrimus, atliktus Medicininės psichologijos ir sociologijos tyrimų laboratorijoje, paruošė Antanas Goštautas, Algirdas Goštautas). Taip pat buvo pateikti klausimai apie sveikatos būklę bei žalingus įpročius. Buvo apklausti keturių rajono mokyklų 7 – 10 klasių mokiniai. Viso buvo apklausta 234 mokiniai – 123 vaikinai ir 111 merginų. Viso - 53 septintokai, 62 aštuntokai, 60 devintokai ir 59 dešimtokai. Tyrimas įrodė, jog yra tiesioginis ryšys tarp prosocialių vertybių mažėjimo ir žalingų įpročių didėjimo kaimo mokyklose. Gauti rezultatai parodė, jog merginų ir vaikinų, besimokančiųjų kaimo mokyklų 7-10 klasėse, vertybinės orientacijos skiriasi. Skiriasi vaikinų ir merginų žalingi įpročiai: vaikinai daugiau ir dažniau rūko. Nerūkantys vaikinai ir merginos linkę rečiau vartoti alkoholinius gėrimus. Nerūkantys ir negeriantys mokiniai nevartoja narkotinių medžiagų. Vaikinai, orientuoti į dvasines vertybes, socialinę aplinką, pažintinę veiklą, vertinantys sveikatą ir naudingumą kitiems mažiau vartoja narkotines medžiagas. Vaikinai, orientuoti į pažintinę veiklą, ir merginos, orientuotos į tradicines vertybes, mažiau vartoja alkoholinius gėrimus. Siekiant ugdyti sveikus – ir fiziškai, ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This research was meant to analyze the value orientations of the 7-10th formers in rural schools and their links with health and bad habits. The questionnaire used to evaluate the values was adapted by Rokeach (1972), Wolff et al. (1968) The value scales were prepared by Antanas Goštautas and Algirdas Goštautas, according to the international researches done in the Laboratory of medical psychological and sociological researches. Also the questions about the health condition and additions were asked. The schoolchildren of the 7-10th form from four regional schools were questioned. In total 234 schoolchildren – 123 boys and 111 girls – were questioned. Among them, 53 7th-formers, 62 8th formers, 60 9th formers and 59 10th formers. The research proved that there is a direct relation between the decrease of prosocial values and increase of the bad habits in rural schools. The results showed that the value orientations of boys and girls, who study in the forms 7-10 in rural schools, differ. The bad habits of boys and girls differ: the boys smoke more and more frequently. The boys and girls, who do not smoke, tend to consume alcohol drinks more rarely. The schoolchildren, who do not smoke or drink, do not use drugs either. The girls in the rural schools are more directed to the health and usefulness to others, to the social environment, cognitive activity, traditions and moral values. The boys, who are directed to the moral values, social environment, cognitive activity, who... [to full text]

Peterson, Park, and Seligman (2005) have proposed that individuals seek to increase their well-being through three behavioural orientations; via pleasure, meaning, and engagement. The current study investigated how orientations to happiness influenced the pursuit and experience of daily activities using an experience sampling methodology (ESM). Daily activities were experienced as a blend of both hedonic and eudaimonic characteristics. Dominant orientation to happiness did not predict engaging in different daily activities. Trait orientations to happiness had some influence on the momentary experience of behaviour. Those scoring highest on all three orientations to happiness also rated their daily activities highest on momentary pleasure, meaning, engagement, and happiness. The results suggest that increasing all three orientations is a pathway to the full life and a balanced well-being portfolio.

The present investigation examined the role of cognitive interference in sport. In Study 1 an instrument to assess intrusive thoughts athletes experience during performance was developed (Thought Occurrence Questionnaire for Sport; TOQS). In the first part of the study, which involved modification of an instrument constructed in educational settings, three types of thoughts were identified. These were 'performance worries', 'situation irrelevant thoughts' and 'thoughts of escape'. In the second part of the study, which involved validation of the modified instrument, support for the psychometric properties of the TOQS was provided through tests of convergent, concurrent and discriminant validity. Study 2 examined situational antecedents of cognitive interference. Discrepancies between expected and actual performance was identified as the best predictor of cognitive interference athletes experience, whereas cognitive anxiety was found moderately related to cognitive interference. Finally, it was found that athletes experiencing their anxiety states as facilitative reported less cognitive interference than athletes experiencing their anxiety states as debilitative. Study 3 investigated possible effects cognitive interference has on aspects of sport performance based on athletes' perceptions. Participants reported cognitive interference to be detrimental to their concentration. Furthermore, it was revealed that different types of thoughts influence effort input in different ways. The relationship between 'performance worries' and subsequent effort depended on goal attainment expectancies. Athletes holding higher expectancies reported that their worries resulted in increased effort, whereas athletes holding lower expectancies reported their worries to result in decreased effort. 'Situation irrelevant thoughts' were reported not to have any effects on subsequent effort, while 'thoughts of escape' were associated with decreases in effort. Finally, Study 4 examined relationships between achievement goal orientations and cognitive interference. A negative relationship between task orientation and thoughts of escape was the only strong and consistent association that emerged. Goal profiles analysis revealed that, in contrast to athletes holding self-referenced goals, for those holding comparative goals outcome is an important determinant of withdrawal thoughts. The results of the present investigation are discussed in relation to findings in educational and sport settings, and a conceptual model regarding the role of cognitive interference in sport is proposed. Overall, cognitive interference is identified as a topic which requires further examination in the sport psychology domain.

<p>The purpose of this research is to refine the notion of Supply Chain Orientation (SCO) as originally posited by Mentzer et al. (2001) and Min and Mentzer (2004). Supply chain orientation is defined to be “the extent to which there is a predisposition among chain members toward viewing the supply chain as an integrated entity and on satisfying chain needs in an integrated way” (Hult et al., 2008, p. 527). This orientation (management philosophy), when implemented, manifests as Supply Chain Management (SCM) within and across organizations.</p> <p>The process of ‘refining’ supply chain orientation involved three stages: determining additional SCO factors / indicators beyond those already in existence, refining the total set of factors / indicators through factor analysis techniques, and associating the SCO concept to other SCM-related concepts. Determining additional SCO factors and the vetting of the existing SCO model was done through a qualitative method (structured interviews with industry experts). Analysis of the interview data resulted into two new SCO factors—SCM Capability and Measurement Propensity—being identified. The high accuracy / low generalizability nature of the interview process required an industrywide survey in order to gather su cient quantitative data for a meaningful analysis. The new SCO factors were developed into survey questionnaire measurement items.</p> <p>An invitation to participate in a web-based, quantitative survey was e-mailed to executive at roughly a third of the manufacturing companies in Canada. The results of that data gathering exercise were analyzed in a multi-stage process. First, after removing ‘motherhood statements’ from the indicator set, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine the underlying structure of SCO. Three factors—Benevolence (Trust), Internal SCM Focus, and Partner Reliability—emerged through this process. This “refined” SCO construct was then subject to a rigourous confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) process. </p> <p>The CFA process found the SCO factors to be reliable. A dependent variable, Supply Chain Operational Performance (SCOP) was found to be positively influenced by changes in SCO. SCO was found to be a unique strategic orientation through the literature review process and validated as its own construct through a discriminant validity process. SCO was determined to be a second-order reflective latent variable, and top management support was found to be an antecedent to SCO.</p> <p>Of interest to SCM practitioners and academics, SCO was found to be statistically invariable between respondents who were or were not members of a SCM industry association. As well, SCO did not vary outside statistical bounds across the supply chain from ultimate supplier (Earth) to ultimate customer. However, SCO was found to be stronger in companies that employed an “e cient” supply chain strategy (using the taxonomy of Lee (2002)) versus other generic strategies (like “agile” supply chain strategy).</p> <p>The contributions of this research to academics include a parsimonious definition of SCO which meets the criteria of Wacker (1998), an operationalization of the Lee (2002) model, and additional evidence of the power of Parallel Analysis (PA) of Thompson (2004) in determining factors in an EFA. Supply chain orientation is an important theoretical ‘building block’ from which SCM theory can be built and through the refinement process, SCO was tied into the dynamic capabilities area of the larger resource-based view (RBV) theoretical framework.</p> <p>Supply chain orientation was found to positively influence SCOP. The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals reported that business logistics (SCM) costs in the United States alone in 2009 were 1.3 trillion dollars. Hence, improving upon the understanding of the mechanisms of supply chain management and its components can have substantial economic consequences.</p>

The present research investigated attitudes of the university students towards the future, as well as the relation between future time orientations and self-construals. The sample consisted of 303 Middle East Technical University students with a mean age of 21. Four scales were administered to respondents: the Balanced Integration Differentiation Scale (BID) (imamoglu, 1998, 2002), the Positive Future Expectation Scale (PFES) (imamoglu, 2001), the Future Time Orientation Scale (FTO) (Gjesme, 1979), and the Attitudes Towards the Future Scale, which was developed for the current study. The BID Scale consists of interrelational and self-developmental orientation subscales. The high and low ends of the interrelational orientation subscale represent relatedness and separatedness, respectively. While the high and low end scores of the self-developmental orientation subscale represent individuation and normative patterning, respectively. Two dimensions of the Future Time Orientation Scale were used, which are involvement and anticipation. The former dimension measures the degree to which an individual focuses on future events, and the latter one measures how well an individual prepares for future events. Factor analyses of the Attitude Towards the Future Scale yielded three factors, which are referred to as positive, fearful, and planful future orientations. Analyses indicated that this new measure has adequate validity and reliability. A short form of the scale was formed, which has similar metric qualities with the former one, and it was used in the following analyses. With regard to self-orientations and gender, a MANOVA test indicated that future orientations were affected by the interrelational and self-developmental orientations but not by gender. Individuals with high interrelational orientation scores were found to have higher positive and planful orientation scores, and lower fearful orientation scores. Individuals with high self-developmental orientation scores were found to have higher planful orientation and lower fearful orientation scores. A second MANOVA indicated significant differences among the four self-types suggested by the BID Model (i.e., separated patterning, related patterning, separated-individuation, related-individuation) on future orientations. A clear pattern was observed, in which the related-individuated respondents, representing the optimal development by the BID Model, seems to have the most positive and planful orientations and the least fearful orientation.

Environmental protection has become a global issue and attracted the attention of both the general public and governments around the world. Understanding people’s environmental attitude and their behavioral intention, measured as their willingness to pay cost for the environment, is therefore imperative. Research in this field is abundant, but it suffers from at least two limitations. First, previous literature focused mainly on predictors of human behaviors at the individual level and seldom examined the effect of cultural values. In addition, few studies have expanded their research scope beyond Western countries. This study addresses these gaps by investigating the factors, both at the national and individual level, shaping people’s intention to take actions in 26 countries. Employing Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of planned behavior, the analysis at the individual level examines the impact of environmental attitude, self-efficacy, and subjective norms. At the same time, this study also looks into the effect of three cultural orientations developed by Hofstede, including Individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. The data used in this study were Hofstede’s cultural indices and World Value Survey (WVS) with a total number of 38,511 participants in 26 countries. Hierarchical linear modeling is applied. The result showed that Ajzen and Fishbein’s theory of planned behavior fit well in the study. Three behavioral determinants (attitude, subjective norm, self efficacy) in the theory were positively related to environmental behavioral intentions. Aggregate cultural orientations also accounted for part of variations in relation to environmental behavioral intentions. In more individualistic countries, people were less likely to perform financial sacrifice behaviors for the environment than those in the less individualistic countries. Finally, this study suggested cultural orientations served as moderating variables on people’s environmental attitudes and subjective norms. Environmental attitudes exerted greater impacts on behavioral intentions in more individualistic countries, where the effects of subjective norms were weaker.

presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento das orientações e escolhas estratégicas, ao longo de dez anos, em empresas brasileiras de performance superior. A partir de uma abordagem longitudinal, de natureza qualitativa, foram analisadas duas empresas em posição de destaque no cenário mercadológico nacional. As empresas estudadas foram o Grupo Gerdau e a Natura Cosméticos S. A. Para acessar as orientações e escolhas estratégicas, optou-se por uma triangulação de fontes primárias e secundárias, que incluiu entrevistas com Diretores, Presidentes e Executivos, análise de relatórios anuais e análise de campanhas publicitárias, pelo período dos dez anos. Os resultados revelam que as orientações estratégicas norteiam o desenvolvimento de estratégias, que possuem um forte componente cultural e que embasam as práticas gerenciais das companhias. As contribuições da tese aqui apresentada incluem a identificação das interações entre as orientações estratégicas desenvolvidas para responder às mudanças no mercado, bem como a indicação de algumas das iniciativas desenvolvidas pelas companhias no sentido de estender suas crenças, valores e competências a seus fornecedores e clientes.Ademais, foi possível observar como evoluem, nas grandes companhias que foram analisadas, as escolhas e caminhos estratégicos, ao longo de um continuum de tempo. Outro importante resultado da pesquisa aqui apresentada foi a identificação do caráter estável e constante da orientação estratégica central de uma dada companhia. Além disto, foi possível identificar os componentes das diferentes orientações estudadas o que fornece insights e auxilia na demarcação dos conceitos para futuros trabalhos que possam ser realizados sobre o tema. / The present work aims to analyze the development of strategic orientations and of strategic choices along a period of ten years, in Brazilian companies which present superior performances. Employing a qualitative longitudinal approach in the present study, were analyzed two different companies which posses a standing out position on national marketing scenery. The studied companies were Grupo Gerdau and Natura Cosméticos S. A. In order to access their strategic orientations and choices, it was made an option for a triangulation technique, which included interviews with some of their directors, presidents and other executives in charge, and the analysis of annual reports and of publicity campaigns made throughout this selected period of ten years. The results of this research gave evidences of the facts that the strategic orientations lead the development of the company strategies, and that they possess a strong cultural component, and that they base the managing practices of the companies. The contributions offered by the here presented thesis include the identification of the main interactions between the strategic orientations developed by the firms to propose an answer to the changes observed in the market, as well as the indication of some of the initiatives which were developed by the companies, aiming to extend their beliefs and values and competences to their suppliers and clients. Additionally, it was possible to observe, in the analyzed companies, how do evolve the strategic choices and the strategic routes, along a continuum of time. Another important result brought out by the same here presented research was the identification of the standing and constant character of the core strategic orientation in a specific company. Moreover, it was also possible to identify the components of the different studied orientations, and this aspect offer important insights and helps on the establishment of concepts and constructs for future works to be made on the same subject.

Apesar de constituírem parte fundamental da prática clínica em psiquiatria e saúde mental, as psicoterapias ainda são pouco investigadas do ponto de vista científico. Este estudo tem o objetivo de examinar as preferências de profissionais da saúde mental em relação às escolas de psicoterapia ao longo da história e investigar a aplicação clínica corrente de uma das abordagens psicoterápicas mais praticadas na atualidade. Tanto quanto sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo a conduzir uma revisão sistemática e metaregressão que examina as prevalências globais de orientações teóricas entre psicoterapeutas ao longo dos últimos 50 anos, e especialmente na ultima década, conforme apresentado no primeiro artigo. A utilização no momento atual de intervenções cognitivo-comportamentais para um amplo espectro de transtornos psiquiátricos e outras condições médicas foi o objeto de estudo do segundo artigo. Por meio de busca computadorizada de artigos da literatura em bancos de dados eletrônicos, conduzimos uma revisão sistemática de pesquisas realizadas com profissionais de saúde que investigaram sobre suas afiliações a escolas psicoterápicas publicadas no período entre 1960 e 2012. Sessenta artigos que apresentavam dados originais com porcentagens específicas de preferências dos terapeutas por uma das 5 escolas de psicoterapia de maior preferência foram incluídos na análise. Posteriormente foi realizada uma segunda revisão sistemática de todos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) publicados no ano de 2014 que descreviam a comparação de uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental com outra forma de intervenção psicossocial ou tratamento médico. Trezentos e noventa e quatro ECRs foram identificados e incluídos na análise final. Os dados analisados no primeiro estudo demostram que na ultima década a terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) é o modelo teórico praticado por cerca de 28% dos psicoterapeutas pesquisados, seguido pela abordagem eclética/integrativa praticada por cerca de 23% dos profissionais. A orientação teórica psicanalítica e psicodinâmica foi endossada por 15% dos profissionais de saúde pesquisados. No segundo estudo, dados extraídos de artigos publicados no ano de 2014 revelaram que cerca de 58.000 indivíduos foram submetidos a intervenções cognitivas e comportamentais para tratamento de 22 diferentes diagnósticos médicos e psiquiátricos. Conforme esperado, 20% dos ensaios abordaram tratamentos para transtornos depressivos. Outras condições médicas, como tratamentos para dores e fadiga crônicas, e sintomas colaterais de tratamentos para o câncer, foram tratadas com intervenções cognitivas e comportamentais em 75 estudos, 19% do total. Um em cada 4 estudos foi feito em grupo; 65/394 estudos realizaram intervenções via computador; e quase todos (95% do total) foram realizados em países de alta renda econômica. Há um interesse crescente na utilização do modelo cognitivo-comportamental de psicoterapia por parte dos profissionais de saúde mental. Desde que iniciou sua trajetória, esta abordagem foi a única dentre as 5 estudadas que apresentou aumentos sistemáticos na porcentagem de terapeutas que professavam sua utilização na prática clinica. Um grande número de resultados de ECRs realizados em um único ano, com amostras de estudos conduzidos em todos quadrantes do planeta, relatando sua utilização cada vez mais abrangente para diferentes condições clínicas, demonstra a tendência de consolidação definitiva das terapias cognitivas comportamentais em nosso arsenal terapêutico. / Despite being an essential part of clinical practice in psychiatry and mental health, psychotherapies are still poorly investigated from a scientific point of view. This study aims to examine the endorsements of mental health professionals to psychotherapeutic orientations throughout history and to investigate the current clinical applications of one of the most practiced psychotherapeutic approaches. To our knowledge, this study is the first one to conduct a systematic review and meta-regression examining the prevalence of theoretical orientations amongst psychotherapists worldwide in the last 50 years, particularly in the last decade, as presented in the first article. The current uses of cognitive-behavioral interventions in a wide scope of psychiatric and other medical disorders was the second article focus. From a computerized literature search, we conducted a systematic review of the literature identifying any research conducted with health professional published in the period between January 1960 and December 2012. Sixty papers containing original data about the single preferred orientation of psychotherapists for one of the five most endorsed schools of psychotherapy were included in the final analysis. Then a second systematic review of the literature of all published papers in the year of 2014 describing randomized controlled trials that compared cognitive behavioral therapies with another form of psychosocial intervention or medical treatment was conducted. Three hundred ninety four studies were identified and included in the final analysis. The analysis of the data from the first study shows that in the last decade cognitive-behavioral therapy is the theoretical model practiced by around 28% of the researched psychotherapists, followed by the eclectic/integrative approach preferred by around 23% individuals. The psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theoretical orientation was endorsed by 15% of health professionals. In the second study, extracted data from papers published in the year of 2014 revealed that around 58,000 individuals underwent cognitive and behavioral interventions for the treatment of 22 different medical and psychiatric diagnoses. As expected, treatments for depressive disorders were the focus in 20% of trials. Other medical conditions, as chronic pain and fatigue, and collateral symptoms of cancer treatments, and insomnia, were treated with cognitive behavioral interventions in 75 studies, 19% of total. One in every 4 studies conducted group treatments; 65/394 studies performed computer-assisted psychosocial interventions; and almost all (95% of total) were conducted in high-income economy countries. There is a growing interest by mental health professionals in the cognitivebehavioral model. Since its appearance, this approach was the only one amongst the 5 studied that showed systematic increases in the percentages of therapists’ endorsements. The high number of randomized clinical trials conducted in a single year, with study samples from all planet quadrants, reporting an increasingly widespread use for different clinical conditions, demonstrates a definite consolidation of cognitive behavioral therapies in our therapeutic arsenal.

This diploma thesis describes values and value orientation of czech and german students of high schools and practicle high schools. The goal of this thesis is to answer the question of different perception of values between adolescents in Czech Republic and Germany (Bavaria). For the purpose of this study a method of questionnaires and essays were used. The main means of research were: ?Test of orientation value? and the LOGO test from Elisabeth Lukas.

As consumers seek social status through displays of mindful consumption, it becomes common to observe a new type of environmentally responsible but conspicuous behavior called conspicuous conservation. Intentionally engaging in environmental activities to show off your `greenness' or over-spending on green products to display your ability to support environmental causes is an example of conspicuous conservation. Given the recent consumer trend involved in green consumption, the study begins with the question of whether consumers' value orientations explain their environmentally conscious behaviors, including their responses to environmental claims in advertising and intentions to purchase a green product. Based on theoretical premises, the study hypothesizes that consumers driven by self-enhancement (proself) values are more likely to respond to a green product whose consumption is primarily seen in public, promoting strong public self-awareness, rather than a product whose consumption is mainly in private and proself-oriented consumers are more likely to respond to green claims that bring immediate benefits than distant and uncertain benefits to the environment. The results of the online experiment confirm that there is a main effect of social value orientations on consumers' environmentally conscious behavior, including attitudinal and behavioral responses regarding green advertising and green products. Specifically, public self-awareness is a significant moderator, indicating proself-oriented consumers generally show less favorable attitude and behavioral responses with regard to green advertising and green purchase than prosocial-oriented consumers; however, when an advertised product and its consumption is mainly seen in public, promoting strong public self-awareness, proself-oriented consumers change their attitudes and behavioral responses in a positive direction. The study has several contributions to the current stream of environmental advertising research and practice. First, the study establishes the relationship between social value orientations and green advertising effectiveness. Second, the study identifies that conspicuous conservation can be explained with social value orientations and public self-awareness. Last, the finding of the study suggests that social value orientations help marketers understand the consumers' underlying motivations and to know whether greenness is an appropriate selling attribute. Further, the marketers can understand how the consumers' value orientations could be incorporated into the brand communications.