Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och analysera betydelser och föreställningar av oskuld bland unga på ett nätforum för att försöka förstå hur dessa ter sig. Materialet, vilket består av utvalda foruminlägg, inhämtas genom dolda observationer och bearbetas med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Uppsatsen behandlar ämnet oskuld i relation till ungdomar, sexualitet, normer och Internet. Studien begränsas till ett nätforum för unga och det är endast de åsikter och tankar som cirkulerar i det virtuella rummet som behandlas i uppsatsen. Inom det ungdomsfokuserade sociala arbetet upplever många socialarbetare en osäkerhet i att bemöta funderingar kring sexualitet och vår förhoppning med denna uppsats är att försöka bredda synen på oskuld och sexualitet bland ungdomar. Vår intention är inte att hitta ett ”rätt svar” eller en entydig innebörd utan vi vill belysa begreppets komplexitet. Det studien kommer fram till är att oskuld är ett svårdefinierat och mångtydigt begrepp som kan tänkas ha lika många betydelser som det finns människor på jorden.

I den svenska skolan är jämlikhet ett viktigt begrepp i skolans värdegrundsplan när det gäller såväl etnicitet, kön som sexualitet. Därav har jag valt att titta på två specifika begrepp för att se hur elever på två gymnasieskolor ser på dem. Begreppet är ”oskuld” samt ”mödomshinna”. Detta är normer och myter som kan motverka just jämställdhet och integritet hos eleven och där av anser jag det viktigt att se hur eleverna ställer sig till de utvalda begreppen. Två skolor, totalt 6 klasser i Stockholms län medverkar i denna enkät som skickas ut, totalt 95 stycken elever valde att besvara enkäten. De enkätsvar som kom in analyserades genom en diskursanalys och tolkas sedan med hjälp av genusteoretiska perspektiv. Det går att se såväl likheter som skillnader, något som återkommer är dock sättet att se på oskuld, de ord eleverna främst förknippar med oskuld är ”orörd” samt ”ren”. En intressant sak sker när frågan om oskuld ställs om och riktas åt att handla om ett specifikt kön. Då skedde en skillnad, tjejer som är oskuld anses fortfarande vara ”orörda” och ”rena” precis så som eleverna tolkar begreppet i allmänhet. Men en kille som är oskuld, han är istället oerfaren och cool. I denna uppsats redovisas resultatet av vad eleverna anser att en oskuldsnorm står för samt hur de tolkar mödomshinnan. / Equality is an important concept in the core values in Sweden. Both in terms of ethnicity, gender and sexuality. I have chosen to look at two specific concepts to see how the students at two high schools see it. The two concepts are “virgin” and “hymen”. These are norms and myths that can counteract equality and integrity amongst the students, this is why I believe it is important to see the students’ attitude towards the concept. Two schools, a total of six classes in the county of Stockholm contribute in the survey of the two concepts that had been sent out, totally 95 students chose to participate in the survey. The answers that came in where analyzed by a discourse analysis and are then interpreted with the help of gender perspectives. You can see both similarities and differences; something recurring is the way to see the concept ”virgin”. The words that the students mostly associate with virgin are “untouched” and “pure”.  But an interesting thing happened when the question of virgin is switched and directed to be about a specific gender.  Then there was a difference, girls being virgins is still considered to be “untouched” and “pure” as the students interpret the concept in general. But a guy being a virgin is instead “unexperienced” and “cool”. In this essay the results of what the students believe a virgin-norm and hymen stands for is presented.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to understand the ways in which rumors affect the everyday lives of a few young women. The questions are: What kinds of rumors do the young women find are the most common? How do they respond to these rumors? Do the rumors affect their everyday lives and if so, how do they react to them? Do they resist them? Do they feel limited by them?</p><p>The empirical data was collected through unstructured interviews (focus groups) with three groups. The groups discussed different themes without prompting questions by the interviewer and it was clear that rumors played an important role, in multiple ways, in the lives of the young women. The most common rumors were sexualized and were mostly concerned with the view that the young women should not engage in “too many” heterosexual relations – preferably none. The meaning and significance of rumors fluctuated from different public and private places but the connecting link was that they were used as a means of controlling the young women’s sexuality (including making and maintaining it heterosexual).</p><p>Rumors implied norms for the expected behavior of the young women, which would be expressed through normative opinions about clothes, looks, and behaviors in order to prevent rumors. It also involved the women being compelled to avoid certain public places and to be outdoors during certain hours because even these situations could lead to rumors. In numerous ways various factors were correlated and led to many of the young women feeling limited and adapting to the norms in order to avoid being the subjects of more rumors. This led to a limitation of ways they could act and a decrease in places they could go. Rumors played an important role in terms of the possibilities these young women had to move and act in public and in terms of their sexual subjectivity. The resistance against rumors was mostly noted in the young women’s questioning of the structures that allow differing possibilities and opportunities of action depending on one’s gender.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to understand the ways in which rumors affect the everyday lives of a few young women. The questions are: What kinds of rumors do the young women find are the most common? How do they respond to these rumors? Do the rumors affect their everyday lives and if so, how do they react to them? Do they resist them? Do they feel limited by them? The empirical data was collected through unstructured interviews (focus groups) with three groups. The groups discussed different themes without prompting questions by the interviewer and it was clear that rumors played an important role, in multiple ways, in the lives of the young women. The most common rumors were sexualized and were mostly concerned with the view that the young women should not engage in “too many” heterosexual relations – preferably none. The meaning and significance of rumors fluctuated from different public and private places but the connecting link was that they were used as a means of controlling the young women’s sexuality (including making and maintaining it heterosexual). Rumors implied norms for the expected behavior of the young women, which would be expressed through normative opinions about clothes, looks, and behaviors in order to prevent rumors. It also involved the women being compelled to avoid certain public places and to be outdoors during certain hours because even these situations could lead to rumors. In numerous ways various factors were correlated and led to many of the young women feeling limited and adapting to the norms in order to avoid being the subjects of more rumors. This led to a limitation of ways they could act and a decrease in places they could go. Rumors played an important role in terms of the possibilities these young women had to move and act in public and in terms of their sexual subjectivity. The resistance against rumors was mostly noted in the young women’s questioning of the structures that allow differing possibilities and opportunities of action depending on one’s gender.

This paper interprets the myth of the hymen through the archetypal theory of Carl Gustav Jung. Today it has been proven that there exists no hymen that breaks at a woman’s first intercourse. Nonetheless, the myth of the hymen lives on – creating enormous consequences for girls and women. In several cultures the hymen symbolizes purity and a gift to be offered to the man on the wedding night. According to the theories of C. G. Jung, the human psyche contains archaic remains that run cross cultures within the whole of humanity. These remains, called archetypes by Jung, hold special functions within the subconscious, and have been expressed in religions, myths and fairytales since the beginning of mankind, according to Jung. In this paper, tales and collectively held ideas about the hymen will be examined and analyzed. The archetypes found in the material will be identified and their functions presented. The object of the paper is to try to gain a better understanding of how a belief in a nonexistent part of the body has been able to survive. According to my interpretation of Jung's theories, the hymen can be seen as a result of emotionally charged functions in the human psyche, which contributed to the creation of myth of the hymen.  Keywords: Analytical psychology, Archetypes, C. G Jung, Hymen, Virginity

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

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<p>Islamic masculinity which quite often associates with oppression of women has remained an underexaminated category despite its constant presence in the debate on honour related oppression. Honour has primarily been studied from a feminine point of view and theories of masculinity have taken insignificant interest in the issue of honour. The aim of this study is to understand what attitudes boys/young men from the Muslim world have toward native Swedish men and what these attitudes do imply for their own conceptions of masculinity and honour. The ambition of this study is also to make explicit the similarities, differences and connections between honour and masculinity.</p><p>The empirical basis of this study consists of twelve interviews with boys/young men from the Muslim world about their notions of honour and masculinity. The theoretical platform arises from theories of masculinities and honour.</p><p>Some prominent “patterns” that I have found:</p><p>- That religious norms and rules appear to be significant in how the masculine manners of conduct should be adjusted.</p><p>- That honour and women as carriers of men’s honour, play a crucial role for the constitution of proper masculinity.</p><p>- That the Swedish context and its policy of equality seem to threaten the obviousness of the islamic masculinity</p>

Islamic masculinity which quite often associates with oppression of women has remained an underexaminated category despite its constant presence in the debate on honour related oppression. Honour has primarily been studied from a feminine point of view and theories of masculinity have taken insignificant interest in the issue of honour. The aim of this study is to understand what attitudes boys/young men from the Muslim world have toward native Swedish men and what these attitudes do imply for their own conceptions of masculinity and honour. The ambition of this study is also to make explicit the similarities, differences and connections between honour and masculinity. The empirical basis of this study consists of twelve interviews with boys/young men from the Muslim world about their notions of honour and masculinity. The theoretical platform arises from theories of masculinities and honour. Some prominent “patterns” that I have found: - That religious norms and rules appear to be significant in how the masculine manners of conduct should be adjusted. - That honour and women as carriers of men’s honour, play a crucial role for the constitution of proper masculinity. - That the Swedish context and its policy of equality seem to threaten the obviousness of the islamic masculinity

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate how mothers in families with strong patriarchal traditions</p><p>see their role as a mother and as a woman. The study is built upon two main questions: What are</p><p>the expectations of your family and your immediate environment on you as a mother and as a</p><p>woman? And what does “honour” mean for you as a mother and as a woman? In our paper we</p><p>had as a starting point a gender perspective that was further on applied in defining our research</p><p>question. We are also giving an account of the phenomenological perspective that we also had as</p><p>a basis of our work. We interviewed six mothers living in families with strong patriarchal</p><p>traditions. There were half-structured interviews according to an interview guide, with half open</p><p>questions. We followed the qualitative method. The results show that “honour” is a basic norm</p><p>for the mothers, that they have difficulties to even imagine living a life without honour. For all of</p><p>our informants, honour means not to have sexual relationships with several men, and to keep a</p><p>woman’s virginity until she gets married. Avoiding bad rumours that may lead to shame is an</p><p>important part of the mothers’ lives. As women, the mothers are forced to take into consideration</p><p>their husbands’ and older family members’ opinions. It is the mothers’ duty to educate their</p><p>children to behave in “the right” way. According to our informants, a mother should be caring</p><p>and in charge of the household work.</p>