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Aktivitet som terapeutiskt medium har varit centralt för att utveckla arbetsterapiprofessionen genom att använda aktivitet som mål och medel. Arbetsterapi är grundat på att engagemang i aktivitet är nödvändigt för hälsa och välmående. Trots detta har mycket av professionsutvecklingen lett till interventioner som inte är aktivitetsbaserade. Basal Kroppskännedom™ (BK) och arbetsterapi har flera gemensamma grundantaganden. Vår kliniska erfarenhet visar möjligheter att använda BK-principerna inom arbetsterapi och vi ville undersöka andra arbetsterapeuters uppfattning om förut-sättningar och värde av att arbeta med BK-principerna för att stärka patienternas aktivitetsutförande. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med 11 informanter utifrån ett strategiskt urval. Intervju-materialet analyserades och bildade tre teman; Arbetsterapeutens kunnande och görande, Att jobba med sig själv – den mänskliga utvecklingsprocessen samt Hinder och möjligheter i organisationen. I relation till ergonomikunskaper uttrycker informanterna att BK-principerna ger ytterligare möjlig-heter att se, förstå och känna in patienten och åtgärda konkret i aktivitet. Aktiviteter bryts ner i delmoment där enkla, rytmiska rörelser hittas och patientens meningsfullhet fångas. Patienten känner och upplever aktivitetsutförandet i kroppen. Att använda sig själv som instrument beskrivs i resultatet som en förutsättning för att själv vara både i aktiviteten och i kontakten med patienten. Det stärker då möjligheten att utveckla den terapeutiska alliansen. / Activity as a therapeutic medium has been central to the development of the occupational therapy profession by using meaningful and purposeful activities. Occupational therapy is founded on the commitment of activity as essential for health and wellbeing. Despite this, much of the profession has led to the development of interventions that are not activity-based. Basic Body Awareness Therapy (B-BAT) and occupational therapy have several common basic assumptions. Our clinical experience shows the potential of using the B-BAT-principles in occupational therapy. We wanted to explore other occupational therapists’ perceptions of conditions and the value of working with B-BAT-principles to strengthen patients' occupational performance. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 informants, strategically selected. The interview material was analyzed and formed three themes: The occupational therapists’ knowledge and performance, Working with self – the human development process, and The Obstacles and Opportunities in the organization. In relation to ergonomic knowledge, informants expressed the view that B-BAT-principles provide further opportunities to see, understand and comprehend patients and use activities as a part of their treatment. Activities are broken down into stages where simple, rhythmic movements are used to catch the meaningfulness. The patient feels and experiences occupational performance in the body. The results of the study describe the use of self as an instrument as a prerequisite for being both in activity and in contact with the patient. That strengthens the possibility of developing a therapeutic alliance.

The central aim of the current thesis was to examine how facial expression and racial identity information affect face processing involving different races, and this was addressed by studying several types of face processing tasks including face recognition, emotion perception/recognition, face perception and attention to faces. In particular, the effect of facial expression on the differential processing of own and other race faces (the so-called the own-race bias) was examined from two perspectives, examining the effect both at the level of perceptual expertise favouring the processing of own-race faces and in-group bias influencing face processing in terms of a self-enhancing dimension. Results from the face recognition study indicated a possible similarity between familiar/unfamiliar and own-race/other-race face processing. Studies on facial expression perception and memory showed that there was no indication of in-group bias in face perception and memory, although a common finding throughout was that different race faces were often associated with different types of facial expressions. The most consistent finding across all studies was that the effect of the own-race bias was more evident amongst European participants. Finally, results from the face attention study showed that there were no signs of preferential visual attention to own-race faces. The results from the current research provided further evidence to the growing body of knowledge regarding the effects of the own-race bias. Based on this knowledge, for future studies it is suggested that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the own-race bias would help advance this interesting and ever-evolving area of research further.

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台灣高科技公司一直以來，在OEM/ODM領域有卓越的表現，隨著毛利逐步被壓縮之際，越來越多的我國廠商終於認知到，透過自有品牌（OBM）的建立是提升企業價值很重要的方式。但是，若要由OEM/ODM 跨入OBM，台灣廠商最缺乏的莫過於對「市場知識」的了解。本研究藉由對神達公司（近幾年內自有品牌Mio掌上型電腦/PDA上快速發展至全球前三大）的深入個案研究，探討「市場知識」的產生與能力建構之議題，並得到以下結論： 1、市場知識的來源似乎是很多元的;而對於剛採自有品牌策略之廠商的初期階段來說，似乎是較不完整的。 2、從事代工為主要業務型態的廠商，轉向發展自有品牌初期時，影響其市場知識來源的因素，受到內部因素(組織既有核心能力)影響及牽制的成分較多。 3、從事代工為主要業務型態的廠商，轉向發展自有品牌初期時，對其在取得完整市場知識的思考與運作上有所阻礙。儘管如此，組織既有核心能力對其所需要的部份市場知識仍有所助益。 4、企業在發展自有品牌的過程中，在取得市場知識與建構市場知識能力上似乎展現出「學習」的歷程。而在市場知識能力與行銷能力的建構上似乎又與高階主管的態度以及組織相關的管理有關。 5、除了本研究將「市場知識」定義為「關於顧客與競爭者的有系統、有意義且有用之知識」。從個案中發現，市場知識除了顧客與競爭者之外，其他環境因素也相當重要，例如政府的管制、社會文化的趨勢、科技的改變的趨勢等。 6、台灣資訊硬體製造能力，若能結合數位內容的創意，透過軟體與硬體的結合，似乎能創造更有價值和差異化的產品並創造更大的競爭優勢。 / Most of the high-tech corporations of Taiwan have remarkable performances in the OEM/ODM fields. Due to the compressing gross profit, more and more corporations realize that building own brand is a very important way to promote the enterprise value. However, if they want to make strides from OEM/ODM to OBM, the most deficient thing is the understanding of “Market Knowledge”. Through the case study of “MITAC international corp.”, we discuss the issue of the creation and the construction of ability of “Market Knowledge” and obtain the following conclusions. 1、The sources of “Market Knowledge” are diversified and they can be obtained by many different ways. For the new entered corporations in the OBM field, their sources of “Market Knowledge” are less complete at the initial period stage. 2、At the initial period stage of the OEM/ODM corporations in transformation to OBM, the factors which affect the sources of “Market Knowledge” are more affected and limited by the internal factors: the “Organizational Core Capabilities”. 3、At the initial period stage of the OEM/ODM corporations in transformation to OBM, they have the hindrance of the thinking and operation of obtaining the complete “Market Knowledge”. But, the “Organizational Core Capabilities” still can give some help in getting partial “Market Knowledge”. 4、In the process of obtaining “Market Knowledge” and establishing “Market Knowledge Capabilities”, there seems to be having some processes of “Learning”. And at the part of establishing “Market Knowledge Capabilities” and “Marketing Capabilities”, there seems to be having relationships with the senior managers’ attitudes and organizational management. 5、In this research, we define the meaning of “Market Knowledge” as the systematical, meaningful and useful knowledge which is about the customers and competitors. But from the case study, we find that “Market Knowledge” is not only about the customers and competitors, other environment reasons also have important impacts on it: the restrain of the government, the tendency of the society culture and the changes of technology. 6、If the OEM/ODM corporations can combine their hardware manufacturing capability with some contents of software, it seems a good way to them to create more values, more diversified products and more competition advantages.

台灣經濟發展對外貿易依存度高，專業貿易商扮演極重要的中介角色，於產銷鏈中媒合供給與需求。然隨著全球貿易自由化、新興市場低成本競爭以及科技進步所帶來之資訊透明化，均對台灣專業貿易商之生存空間造成極大的衝擊與威脅，且台灣專業貿易商一直以來缺乏自有品牌，產品的辨識度也不高，致使其面臨被「去中間化」之危機。 本研究根據過去有關自創品牌關鍵成功因素之文獻整理歸納出六個最重要的項目，分別為：研發設計能力、優異的產品品質、可控制之行銷通路、資金與財務控管、高階主管領導與品牌人才、原有業務（OEM、ODM）與自創品牌之平衡。然過去的研究多半著墨於製造商自創品牌，而較少觸及專業貿易商自創品牌的相關論述，故本研究在分析製造商與專業貿易商的異同之後，將製造商自創品牌關鍵成功因素適用於專業貿易商，並將之所產生的問題做一闡述。 以供應鏈整合理論為基礎，本研究建構專業貿易商自創品牌的經營模型，並基於前述六項自創品牌關鍵成功因素，延伸發展出專業貿易商自創品牌所需具備的條件與關鍵成功因素，分別為：創新研發設計、垂直整合、品質控管、保護競爭知識、市場定位與差異化、可控制之行銷通路、資金與財務控管以及高階管理者帶領品牌行銷人才等八項，並藉由個案訪談之方式，研究分析兩個具代表性的個案，以驗證本研究之論述得以適用於專業貿易商自創品牌之經營模式。 / Trading companies are playing important roles in economic development in Taiwan, especially in matching buyer and seller in supply chains. However, liberalization of trade, advancement of technology, keen competition with emerging countries, and lack of own brand marketing lead trading companies in Taiwan to face the crisis of disintermediation. The research is based on six key success factors of manufacturer’s brand, including research & development ability, product quality, marketing channel, capital and financial management, brand marketing human resources and the balance between OEM/ODM and own brand marketing. We are trying to analyze the differences between manufactures and trading companies, and then apply those key success factors to trading companies. According to the theory of supply chain integration, we develop an own brand business model for trading companies in Taiwan. The six key success factors of own brand are adjusted to eight, which are innovative research & development, vertical integration, quality control, protection of intellectual property right, market positioning and differentiation, marketing channel, capital and financial management and brand marketing human resources. Furthermore, we interview two trading companies which have own brand in order to testify that the own brand business model for trading companies can really take into practice.

This study produced a theoretically grounded model of professional development suited for supporting teachers in Hong Kong to embed Information and Communication Technologies into the Primary School Curriculum. The model was developed and tested over two years through an intervention based on participatory action research involving school staff and the researcher as a critical friend. The model was tested through the analysis of extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of teacher behaviours and curricular documents. Teachers' beliefs and practices were found to change significantly during the first year of the project and were further refined during the second year. Leadership, collegial support, physical infrastructure, teacher self-efficacy, and technical knowledge were identified as the most important factors underpinning the successful implementation of the program. The model addresses these factors and has considerable potential to impact on educational practice involving ICT in the Hong Kong context.

L’hypothèse de ce travail est que les sujets schizophrènes souffrant d’hallucinations auditives verbales perçoivent leur propre voix comme une voix étrangère. L'objectif de notre travail est donc d'étudier les réponses électrophysiologiques évoquées par la voix des participants et celle d’une personne inconnue. Nos résultats chez les sujets sains montrent que nous allouons moins de ressources attentionnelles automatiques à notre propre voix que par rapport à une voix inconnue. Cet effet d’atténuation de l’orientation automatique de l’attention pour sa propre voix n’est pas observé chez les patients schizophrènes. De plus, conformément à notre hypothèse initiale, cet effet est d’autant plus faible que la sévérité des hallucinations est forte. / The hypothesis of this study was that schizophrenic patients with auditory verbal hallucinations perceive their own voices as alien voices. The aim of the study was to investigate the electrophysiological responses evoked by participants’own voices and those of unknown individuals. Our results in healthy subjects showed that they allocated fever automatic attentional resources to their own voices than to unfamiliar voices. This attenuation effect of the automatic orientation of attention to own voice was not observed in schizophrenic patients. In addition, in agreement with our initial hypothesis, the attenuation decreased even further as the hallucinations became more severe.

The arbitration proceeding is characterized for being an efficient, impartial, and above all a transparent mechanism, wherefore various private and public entities have aimed to it in order to solve their patrimonial controversies. Nevertheless, there is a sector within the doctrine that maintains that, on the assumption that the matter to arbitrate comes from legal relationships marked by corruption, the arbitration court should declare the unarbitrability of the matter, since it would violate the public order.The present paper will broach the impact of the entitled «Clean Hands Doctrine» on certain Law branches, its origins on the worldwide legal systems, the relation of it with other legal entities on which it is based on, and we will discuss international legal precedents on the matter, as well as the possible application of this doctrine to arbitration proceedings on a local context and in public procurements matter. / El arbitraje se caracteriza por ser un mecanismo imparcial, eficaz y sobre todo, transparente, motivo por el cual entidades privadas y estatales se abocan al mismo con la finalidad de resolver sus controversias patrimoniales. No obstante, existe un sector de la doctrina que sostiene que, cuando la materia a arbitrar provenga de relaciones jurídicas revestidas de corrupción, el tribunal arbitral debería declarar la inarbitrabilidad de la materia, pues se estaría vulnerando el orden público.El presente trabajo abordará la incidencia de la denominada «Clean Hands Doctrine» en determinadas ramas del Derecho, sus orígenes en los sistemas jurídicos del mundo, su relación con otras figuras jurídicas en las cuales se sustenta, y comentaremos tanto la jurisprudencia internacional al respecto, como la posible aplicación de esta doctrina al arbitraje en el contexto nacional, en materia de contrataciones con el Estado.