Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universiteit Leiden, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [323]-339).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Universiteit Leiden, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [323]-339).

1 Legal and property situation of a state enterprise Abstract This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the current legislation of a state-owned enterprise in the Czech Republic, especially in the light of the last amendment of the State-owned Enterprise Act, which is effective from 1st January 2017. The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the valid legislation and also to evaluate the context with other legal regulations and finally to consider the need to preserve the unique legal form of the state-owned enterprise for the future. This diploma thesis is divided into the five chapters. The first chapter contains the brief characteristics of a state-owned enterprise and the definition of the basic concepts. The second chapter describes the historical development of the legal regulations of enterprises managing the state property from the establishment of Czechoslovakia until the year 1997, since when is effective the current State-owned enterprise Act. The third chapter, in four subchapters, analyzes the valid and effective legal regulations of the state-owned enterprise. The first subchapter is devoted to the company bodies of state-owned enterprises, the second to the subject of business and a purpose for which are the state-owned enterprises formed. The third subchapter is devoted to the...

Bakgrund Under senare år har diskussionen om företags miljöpåverkan och sociala ansvar trappats upp. Den svenska regeringen har vid två tillfällen, sedan 2007, infört riktlinjer och lagkrav om hållbarhetsredovisning. Tidigare studier har inte funnit någon stark koppling mellan politisk reglering och förändrat hållbarhetsarbete. Slutsatser av tidigare studier antyder att förändringsprocessen av hållbarhetsredovisning sker på längre sikt, då ingen förändring i nära anslutning då riktlinjer införts har kunnat ses. Syfte Syftet med studien är att beskriva förändringen av struktur, disposition och argumentation i hållbarhetsredovisningen och om det finns indikationer på att politiska åtgärder i form av införda riktlinjer och lagkrav kan ha påverkat denna förändring över tid. Genomförande Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod. Empirin till studien har samlats in genom dokumentstudie av de tio fallbolagens hållbarhetsredovisning verksamhetsåren 2007, 2008, 2016 och 2017 genomförts. Analysen av studiens empiriska resultat har gjorts i förhållande till de teorier och tidigare studier som redogjorts för i referensramen. Vidare har analysen lett oss fram till vår slutsats.  Resultat Studien visar att över en period av tio år har struktur, disposition och argumentation i hållbarhetsredovisningen förändrats. Valet av argumentationsmedel i fallbolagens hållbarhetsredovisning har visats gå från logosargumentation till blandad logos- och ethosargumentation. Resultatet av studien visar att hållbarhetredovisningen har ökat i antal sidor och även att de blivit integrerade med årsredovisningen, varpå bolagens hållbarhetsarbete setts gå från att redogöras för kring specifika teman till att redogörs för, som en röd tråd, löpande genom årsredovisningen. Resultatet av studien visar även att strukturen i hållbarhetsredovisningen förändrats genom att fler aspekter utifrån lagkravet 2016 redogjorts för. / Background In recent years, the discussion of corporate environmental impact and social responsibility has intensified. On two occasions since 2007, the Swedish government has introduced legal requirements regarding sustainability reporting in Swedish state-owned companies. Previous studies have not found strong links between political regulation and changed sustainability. Conclusions of previous studies have suggested that the process of change in sustainability reports occurs in the long run, since no change in close association with the introduction of guidelines has been observed. Purpose The purpose of the study is to describe the change regarding structure, disposition and argumentation in the sustainability report and if there is any indication that policy measures in the form of guidelines and legal requirements have influenced this change over time. Methods The study has been conducted with a qualitative method. The empirical data for the study have been gathered through the sustainability reports from the ten case companies' over the financial years 2007, 2008, 2016 and 2017. The analysis of the empirical results has been made in relation to the theories and previous studies reported in the reference framework. Furthermore, the analysis has led us to our conclusion. Results The study shows that sustainability reports has changed over a period of ten years regarding structure, disposition and argumentation. The choice of argumentation in the case companies’ sustainability reports has been shown to go from logos argumentation to mixed logos- and ethosargumentation. The results of the study show that sustainability reports have increased in number of pages and have been integrated with the annual reports. The presentation of the companies' sustainability has changed from being accounted for in specific themes to being presented throughout the whole annual report. The result of the study shows that by introducing more aspects of the legal requirement in 2016 the structure of sustainability reports also has changed.

This study examines female self-employment in British Columbia from 1901 to 1971. Entrepreneurial women comprised a small proportion of the total female labour force but they exhibited differences from the rest of the labour force that deserve attention. The study relies on the Census of Canada to gain perspective on trends in female self-employment over a broad time period; qualitative sources are also utilized, including Business and Professional Women’s Club records, to illustrate how individual businesswomen reflected patterns of age, marital status, and family observed at a broad level. The role of gender in women’s decisions to run their own enterprises and in their choice of enterprise is also explored. While the research focus is British Columbia, this study is comparative: self-employed women in the province are compared to their counterparts in the rest of Canada, but also to self-employed men, and to other working women, in both regions. Regionally, women in British Columbia had higher rates of self-employment than women in the rest of the country between 1901 and 1971. Self-employed women in both British Columbia and Canada were, like wage-earning women, limited to a narrow range of occupational types, but they were more likely to work in male-dominated occupations. Self employed women were also older and more likely to be married, widowed or divorced than wage-earning women; in these aspects, they resembled self-employed men. But there were gender differences: whether women worked in female or male-dominated enterprises, they stressed their femininity. The need to take care of their families, particularly if they had lost a spouse through death or desertion, provided additional rationale for women’s presence in the business world. Family, marital status, age, gender and region all played a role in women’s decisions to enter into self-employment between 1901 and 1971. / Graduate

p. 1 - 235 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-28T20:06:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 66.pdf: 2218405 bytes, checksum: ec784865167e4cdda8bf3a73b01e21ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2013-01-30T13:04:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 66.pdf: 2218405 bytes, checksum: ec784865167e4cdda8bf3a73b01e21ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-30T13:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 66.pdf: 2218405 bytes, checksum: ec784865167e4cdda8bf3a73b01e21ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O presente trabalho teve como proposição primária, a verificação da aderência de um estudo da empresa familiar a partir da lógica da dádiva. Para tanto, este se pautou em dois eixos centrais. O primeiro, na verificação da existência de circulação da dádiva entre os integrantes da família empresária, tomando-se como pressuposto o fato da família ser considerada como o locus original da dádiva, e se esta circulação alcançava outras relações organizacionais nos ambientes interno e externo da empresa. O segundo, na possível existência de uma relação entre dádiva e o processo de profissionalização da empresa familiar. O estudo de caso único foi adotado como a estratégia metodológica para abordagem do tema, definindo como objeto de estudo uma empresa familiar do setor de transporte coletivo do município de Salvador, que se encontrava na fase de transição da primeira para a segunda geração. A fim de estabelecer uma maior aproximação do objeto, fez-se necessária uma contextualização sócio-histórica do transporte urbano no município. Neste processo examinou-se a evolução da dinâmica competitiva no setor, nascido a partir de empresas familiares, ao passo que se verificaram alguns padrões típicos de empresas familiares situadas na Bahia. / Salvador

Submitted by Rosicler Moura (rosiclermoura@yahoo.com) on 2016-08-23T16:04:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO A Influência Stkh 11 agosto 2016.pdf: 946720 bytes, checksum: 17e0c5c3733a7b42918a0041621ec7c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-08-23T16:33:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO A Influência Stkh 11 agosto 2016.pdf: 946720 bytes, checksum: 17e0c5c3733a7b42918a0041621ec7c3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-09-05T14:34:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO A Influência Stkh 11 agosto 2016.pdf: 946720 bytes, checksum: 17e0c5c3733a7b42918a0041621ec7c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T14:35:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO A Influência Stkh 11 agosto 2016.pdf: 946720 bytes, checksum: 17e0c5c3733a7b42918a0041621ec7c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-07 / The purpose of this study is to know the influence of stakeholders on federal state-owned companies, associated with National Quality Foundation (Fundação Nacional da Qualidade - FNQ): who they are, how they are identified, how they have treated their own interests and translated into performance requirements, forms of interaction between the state corporations and its stakeholders and the influence of their needs in organizational decisions. Based on the literature about 'stakeholders and Model of Excellence in Management', recommended by FNQ, the available information has been sought in theoretical references and organizations, through exploratory and descriptive research, to expand the understanding and learning about the different groups that affect and are affected by the institutions. The stakeholders identified in the federal state-owned companies have been classified into the following eight categories: 1. Citizens (customers, consumers and users of infrastructure services); 2. Workforce (collaborator, employees, workers and labor force); 3. Government (public authorities, parliamentarians, control, regulatory and supervisory agencies); 4. Shareholders and investors 5. Partners; 6. Suppliers (internal and external) 7. Society (communities and civil society organizations); 8. Others (financial institutions, market analysts and others). This study contributed to the debate on the influence of stakeholders, concerning the importance of their impact on the organization's goals, involve different processes and interaction channels, demonstrated by some state companies, the search for alternatives that promote the satisfaction of the different entities with which it interacts, and concomitantly, it contribute to improve management and achievements of organizational objectives / O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer de forma prática a influência dos stakeholders em empresas estatais federais, associadas a Fundação Nacional da Qualidade (FNQ): quem são e como são identificados, como são tratados seus interesses e traduzidos em requisitos de desempenho, formas de interação entre as estatais e os seus stakeholders e a influência das necessidades destes entes nas decisões organizacionais. Com base na literatura sobre 'stakeholders e 'Modelo de Excelência na Gestão', preconizado pela FNQ, buscou-se por meio de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, as informações disponíveis nos referenciais teóricos e pelas próprias organizações, com vistas a ampliar o entendimento e aprendizado sobre os diferentes grupos que afetam e são afetados pelas instituições. Os stakeholders identificados nas empresas estatais federais foram classificados em oito categorias: 1. Cidadãos (clientes, consumidores e usuários de serviços de infraestrutura); 2. Público Interno (colaboradores, empregados, funcionários, força de trabalho); 3. Governo (poder público, parlamentares, órgãos de controle, reguladores e fiscalizadores); 4. Acionistas e Investidores; 5. Parceiros; 6. Fornecedores (internos e externos); 7. Sociedade (comunidades e organizações da sociedade civil); e 8. Outros (agente financeiro, analista de mercado, etc.). O estudo contribuiu para o debate sobre a influência dos stakeholders, considerando a relevância de seus impactos na organização, por meio dos diferentes processos e canais de interação, demonstrando por parte das estatais, a busca de alternativas que favoreçam a satisfação dos diferentes entes com os quais se relaciona, e de forma concomitante que contribuam para a melhoria na gestão e alcance dos objetivos organizacionais.

O Direito Internacional da Concorrência é o ramo do direito que protege o exercício da liberdade de concorrência. Liberdade esta que, com o desenvolvimento do mundo globalizado, vem sendo atacada pelas multinacionais, causando prejuízo às economias tanto locais quanto internacionais, assim como aos consumidores, se fazendo necessária a intervenção estatal para regulação desses conflitos. Entretanto, emerge um novo conflito quando o Estado detém o controle acionário de uma empresa, como é o caso das empresas estatais. Tal panorama vem se agravando e causando conflitos concorrenciais no cenário global. A China, país em que tradicionalmente o governo detinha controle de todas as empresas nele constituídas, após a abertura de mercado, vem adotando constantes reformas de políticas de mercado com o viés de introduzir a alta tecnologia e expandir as relações comerciais com os demais países do mundo. Hodiernamente, após as reformas comerciais e estruturais das empresas estatais, a China determinou que setores-chave considerados importantes para segurança econômica chinesa serão de controle estatal, isto é, com monopólio estatal. Isto posto, a presente investigação procurou verificar se as empresas estatais chinesas estariam abusando de sua posição dominante para além das fronteiras e infringindo, sobretudo, a própria legislação concorrencial da China, cuja promulgação fora exigida pelos demais membros da Organização Mundial do Comércio. A investigação se dividiu em três partes essenciais: primeiro sobre as transformações econômicas, mercantis, sociais e jurídicas chinesas, principalmente no período posterior ao século XX; na segunda parte, se tratou do direito concorrencial na China, confrontando-o com as empresas estatais; e no último capítulo, foram verificados casos administrativos e judiciais perante os órgãos de regulamentação concorrencial. Pretendeu-se, pelo método dedutivo de pesquisa, verificar se a dicotomia formada entre a proteção governamental às empresas estatais fere a liberdade de um mercado competitivo. Buscou-se, assim, verificar se a atividade das empresas estatais chinesas ocupou fatia relevante de mercado a ponto de abusar da sua posição dominante e se é a China um palco para a aplicação de penalidades, visando à ordem e à liberdade concorrencial. Conclui-se que ocorre tratamento desigual na imposição de penalidades por práticas de abuso de posição dominante quando se tratam de empresas estrangeiras e empresas estatais chinesas. Denotou-se por meio da análise casuística que os esforços dos órgãos de fiscalização concorrencial chineses no combate a práticas anticoncorrenciais são alcançados, até o presente momento, quando versam sobre empresas estrangeiras, enquanto que as empresas estatais recebem tratamento dessemelhante e permissivo às práticas monopolistas. / The International Competition Law is the law that protects the freedom of competition. Freedom of which, with the development of the globalized world, comes under attack by multinationals, causing damage to the economies both local and international, as well as consumers, making it necessary the state intervention to regulate these conflicts. However, emerges into a new conflict when the state holds a controlling stake of the company, such as state-owned enterprises. This scenario has been growing worse and causing conflicts competitive on the global stage. China, which traditionally held control of all companies set up in it, after the opening of the market, has been adopting constant market policy reforms with the bias to introduce high technology and expanding trade relations with other countries worldwide. In our times, after trade and structural reforms of state-owned enterprises, China has determined that key sectors of the economy considered important to China's economic security will be of state control. Accordingly, the present investigation sought to ascertain whether chinese state-owned enterprises were abusing their dominant position beyond the borders and in particular violating China's own competition law, which was demanded by the other members of the World Trade Organization The investigation was divided into three essential parts: first on the chinese economic, mercantile, social and legal transformations, mainly in the period after the twentieth century; on the second part, it dealt with competition law in China, confronting it with state enterprises; and in the last chapter, administrative and judicial cases were verified before the regulatory bodies of competition. It was intended, by the deductive method of research, to verify if the dichotomy formed between governmental protection of state-owned enterprises hurts the freedom of a competitive market. It was therefore sought to ascertain whether the activity of Chinese state-owned enterprises occupied a relevant market share to the extent of abusing its dominant position and whether China is a stage for the application of penalties for order and competitive freedom. It is concluded that there is unequal treatment in the imposition of consequences for abuse of dominant positions when dealing with foreign companies and chinese state-owned enterprises. The case-by-case analysis has shown that the efforts of Chinese competition authorities in the fight against anticompetitive practices have so far been reached when dealing with foreign companies, while state-owned enterprises are treated differently and permissively from monopoly practices.

Following the growing emphasis on the monitoring role of independent directors in the board of directors in the stock exchanges of Western developed countries, companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are required to appoint independent non-executive directors (INEDs) representing at least one-third of their boards under the Listing Rules. Unlike those Western developed capital markets where listed companies are widely held, most listed companies in Hong Kong are controlled and managed by families. This means realistically, INEDs of those family-controlled listed companies can only be appointed to the boards with the support from the controlling owners. Under such circumstances, the INEDs' ability to monitor the performance of the management of those companies independently is put in doubt. This thesis intends to conduct a qualitative study using phenomenological approach to explore and understand the role and effectiveness of INEDs in family-controlled listed companies in Hong Kong based on the INEDs' lived experiences. The study is the first of its kind in the Hong Kong corporate governance research arena, as research studies on corporate boards and directors have often adopted a quantitative approach, using only publicly available archival data without in-depth discussions with the subjects on their real experience and views on their jobs. Accordingly, issues related to directors in family-controlled listed companies that require in-depth discussions with these directors are impossible to be addressed by such research approach. Through semi-structured interviews with INEDs of companies listed in Hong Kong, this thesis has contributed to the existing knowledge and literature in the research on INEDs and corporate governance in family businesses and provide useful hints and ideas to practitioners, listed companies, investors, regulators and policy-makers.

abstract: Based on multiple case studies of the transactions in China by private equity funds, this paper attempts to explore the value-creation capabilities of private equity funds at the transaction/deal level. Previous studies on financial performance of PE funds utilized data collected from publically traded companies in European/US markets. By measuring financial performance of both “pre- and post-transactions,” these studies researched two questions: 1) Do buyout funds create value? 2) If they do, what are the sources of value creation? In general, studies conclude that private equity/buyout funds do create value at both the deal level and investor level. They also identified four possible sources of such value creation: 1) undervaluation, 2) leverage effect, 3) better governance, and 4) operational improvement. However, relatively little is known about the process of value creation. In this study, I attempt to fill that gap, revealing the “secret recipe” of value creation. By carefully looking into the process of value creation, this study suggests five propositions covering capabilities at 1) deal selection/screening, 2) deal structuring, 3) operational improvement, 4) investment exit, and 5) Top Management Team (TMT). These capabilities at private equity/buyout funds are critical factors for value creation. In a thorough review of the value-creation process, this paper hopes to: 1) Share real-life experiences and lessons learned on private equity transactions in China as a developing economy. 2) Reveal the process of deal/transaction to observe measures taken place within deal/transaction for value creation. 3) Show how well-executed strategies and capabilities in deal selection/screening, deal structuring, operational improvement, and investment exit can still create value for private equity firms without financial leverage. 4) Share the experience of State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) reform participated in by private equity firms in China. This could provide valuable information for policy makers in China. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016