Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF13MA004.pdf: 2086804 bytes, checksum: 908b42e640408298b84be4a9a2cef57c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Family Agriculture in the State of Santa Catarina corresponds to 87% of agricultural establishments. This high percentage shows the relevance of the activity in the State. In the municipality of Biguaçu , SC , where family farming is present in a striking and effective way, farmers use the derived energy resources of the secondary formations of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest, through the system " roça-de-toco". The production of charcoal becomes tool of great socio-economic importance for families in these areas. Thus, studies that characterize and evaluate the quality of coal produced from the main species used for charcoal production on family farms are of paramount importance as it will allow farmers to improve production process and add value and quality to the product. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the quality of wood and charcoal produced by five forest species used by farmers in the municipality of Biguaçu, SC. To determine the quality of wood, five trees were collected from each species. From the same nine disks each, for the analysis of physical properties,analysis of the energetic properties and charring in the laboratory. For carbonization procedure used three of the five tree species studied, which consisted of making an average of seven specimens for each tree, varying according to the diameter of the tree, with approximate dimensions of 2 x 2 x 2.5 cm. Subsequently, the specimens were wrapped in aluminum paper identified, and placed in a muffle furnace with a final temperature of 450 ° C. After carbonization were certain the physical, energetic and anatomical properties of the coal. The results revealed by global analysis of the physical and energetic properties of the wood, the Mimosa scabrella (MEB = 0.578 g/cm³ and PCS = 4,400 Kcal/Kg), Hieronyma alchorneoides (MEB = 0.530 g/cm³ and PCS = 4,346 Kcal/Kg), Miconia cinnamomifolia (MEB = 0.561 g/cm³ and PCS = 4,268 Kcal/Kg) and Pera glabrata (MEB = 0,639 g/cm³ and PCS = 4,311 Kcal/Kg) will perform better for the production of coal. There was strong correlation between basic density of wood and apparent density of coal; highlighting the M. scabrella, H. alchorneoides, M. cinnamomifolia and P. glabrata. In general the coal produced by farmers showed better energy characteristics (PCS = 7.215 Kcal/Kg; TV = 26,66 %; TC = 2,56 % e CF = 71,04 %). Anatomical analysis of coal indicated that the anatomical structure of the wood is maintained during the carbonization process used, with a final temperature of 450 °C, allowing the identification of the material on the basis of cell components / A Agricultura Familiar no Estado de Santa Catarina corresponde a 87% dos estabelecimentos agropecuários. Este elevado percentual mostra a relevância da atividade no Estado. No município de Biguaçu, SC, onde a Agricultura Familiar se faz presente de forma marcante e efetiva, os agricultores utilizam os recursos energéticos oriundos das formações secundárias da Floresta Ombrófila Densa, através do sistema roça-de-toco . A produção de carvão vegetal torna-se ferramenta de grande importância socioeconômica para as famílias inseridas nestas áreas. Desta forma, trabalhos que caracterizem e avaliem a qualidade do carvão produzido a partir das principais espécies utilizadas para a produção de carvão vegetal na agricultura familiar são de suma importância, pois permitirão aos agricultores melhorar o processo produtivo e agregar valor e qualidade ao produto. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal produzido por cinco espécies florestais utilizadas pelos agricultores familiares do município de Biguaçu, SC. Para a determinação da qualidade da madeira, coletaram-se cinco árvores de cada espécie. A partir das mesmas foram serrados nove discos de cada uma, destinados às análises das propriedades físicas, análises das propriedades energéticas e carbonização em laboratório. O procedimento de carbonização utilizou três árvores das cinco espécies estudadas, onde consistiu na confecção de em média sete corpos de prova para cada árvore, variando conforme o diâmetro da árvore, com dimensões aproximadas de 2 x 2 x 2,5 cm. Posteriormente, os corpos de prova foram envolvidos com papel alumínio, identificados, e colocados em forno mufla com temperatura final de 450ºC. Após a carbonização foram determinadas as propriedades físicas, energéticas e anatômicas do carvão. Os resultados revelaram através da análise global das propriedades físicas e energéticas da madeira, que a Mimosa scabrella (MEB = 0,578 g/cm³ e PCS = 4.400 Kcal/Kg), Hieronyma alchorneoides (MEB = 0,530 g/cm³ e PCS = 4.346 Kcal/Kg), Miconia cinnamomifolia (MEB = 0,561 g/cm³ e PCS = 4.268 Kcal/Kg) e Pera glabrata (MEB = 0,639 Kcal/Kg e PCS = 4.311 Kcal/Kg) terão melhor desempenho para a produção de carvão. Existiu forte correlação entre massa específica básica da madeira e massa específica aparente do carvão; destacando-se a M. scabrella, H. alchorneoides, M. cinnamomifolia e P. glabrata. Em termos gerais o carvão produzido pelos agricultores apresentou melhores características energéticas (PCS = 7.215 Kcal/Kg; TV = 26,66 %; TC = 2,56 % e CF = 71,04 %). A análise anatômica do carvão indicou que a estrutura anatômica da madeira se mantém durante o processo de carbonização utilizado, com temperatura final de 450ºC, podendo-se identificar o material com base nas células componentes

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration (Entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Given good conditions, women can run businesses, support their families and the community, and contribute to economic growth. The lack of women’s involvement in entrepreneurship is a huge loss to the nation and society. Women make up 51.83% of the population in Rwanda, but are underrepresented in business – largely due to social customs, religion, and cultural beliefs. Society perceives women as too weak to conduct business, and prefers them to be confined to housekeeping activities and dependency on men. Interestingly, literature indicates that involving women in entrepreneurial activities help. Despite this, women in Rwanda have broken the barrier and started up business. However, they face many challenges; their businesses remain small scale compared to their counterparts. The aim of this study is to determine the challenges experienced by women entrepreneurs in Kigali. This research is significant because it attempts to identify the challenges to entrepreneurship in Kigali, by allowing the voices of women entrepreneurs to be heard. The study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The target population was women in formal and informal business in the districts of Gasabo, Kicukiro, and Nyarugenge in the city of Kigali. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 398 women entrepreneurs after obtaining their informed written consent. The data was analysed using recent Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Findings were interpreted and discussed in a numerical narrative featuring frequency, percent, valid percent, cumulative percent, mean, and standard deviation. The results show that women entrepreneurs in Kigali experience more challenges, among others including: High shop rentals, lack of start-up capital, lack of collateral to obtain a loan, high taxes, high interest rate and high transport, and a lack of information technology skills. This study has uncovered that women entrepreneurs face a lot of challenges while running their business in Kigali. Fortunately, the solution is within reach. For instance, women entrepreneurs themselves, family, society, government, stakeholder, and researchers should work together to eradicate these challenges. Women entrepreneurs should work together in cooperatives to minimise shop rentals, possible access to capital and so forth. In addition, they can leverage their experience and know-how.

Based on the importance of small and medium-sized family businesses, with regard to their economic contributions, as well as the fact that their high failure rates limit their ability to positively contribute to the economic growth of South Africa, this study focused on selected marketing and branding practices of South African family SMEs, and whether these practices influence their financial performance and ultimately their survival. Against this background, the primary objective of this study was to investigate selected marketing and branding practices adopted by family SMEs in the Eastern Cape. An overview of the literature was provided whereby the nature and importance of SMEs, and more specifically family SMEs, were described. The various challenges SMEs face were explored, with marketing and branding being identified as one of the main challenges that contributes to the high failure rate of family SMEs. In addition to the marketing challenges faced by non-family SMEs, family SMEs face extra marketing hurdles, given the overlapping subsystem of family and business. However, despite these challenges, family SMEs are able to make use of their familial aspect by marketing and branding the business as family-owned. A positivistic research paradigm and quantitative research methodology was adopted for this study, using a descriptive research approach. The primary data collection procedures involved selecting the population, the sample, sampling techniques, and sample size. For the purpose of this study, the population consisted of all family SME owners operating within the borders of the Eastern Cape province. From the population, a sample was selected using both judgemental and convenience sampling. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, which resulted in 325 usable questionnaires, giving an effective response rate of 65.00 per cent. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, a survey research method using a structured, selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. The scales used to measure the factors under investigation were developed based on previous research. In order to assess the validity of the ordinal scales, tests for unidimensionality were undertaken. Only factor loadings exceeding the 0.5 cut-off point were considered significant. Not all the items loaded as expected. Only five of the original six items intended to measure the dependent variable Perceived financial performance loaded onto this factor. The researcher, together with two experts in the field of marketing and family businesses, deemed the items for the dichotomous questions to show evidence of content validity. The reliability of the ordinal scales was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, whereby coefficients greater than 0.7 were deemed a scale to be reliable. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of greater than 0.7 were returned for all the factors measured using ordinal scales, except one factor namely Customer service differentiation. This factor was not considered for any further statistical analyses. The reliability of the dichotomous questions was assessed using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (K-R 20). For the purpose of this study, Kuder-Richardson values greater than 0.5 deemed the dichotomous questions to be reliable. Kuder-Richardson values of greater than 0.5 were reported for the dichotomous items relating to Branding of the family name, but not for Marketing function. However, given that the questions were used for descriptive purposes only, the items measuring Marketing function were used for statistical analysis. The independent variables returned mean scores of between 3.220 and 3.773, with the majority of respondents feeling neutral or agreeing with the statements measuring these factors. The dependent variable Perceived financial performance returned the highest mean score of all the factors with the majority of respondents agreeing with the statements measuring this factor. The dichotomous questions relating to the Marketing function indicated that majority of respondents did not have a written marketing strategy or a separate department that deals with marketing for their family business. The dichotomous questions relating to Branding of the family name revealed that in most instances the family name (surname) does not appear in the name, brand, logo or advertising material of the family business. Most of the independent variables (Promotion of family business, Family business image and Stakeholder perception) reported significant and positive relationships with each other. The independent variable Perceived financial performance reported significantly positive relationships with two independent variables, namely Product differentiation and Family business image. The multiple regression analyses undertaken revealed that only one of the independent variables, namely Product differentiation, had a significant positive influence on the dependaet variable Perceived financial performance. This study found that the independent variables Promotion of family business and Family business image did not have a significant influence on the dependent variable Perceived financial performance. The results of the two single regression analyses revealed that a significant positive linear relationship exists between Stakeholder perception and Promotion of family business, as well as between Stakeholder perception and Family business image. The findings of the analysis of variance found that Number of employees was the only demographic variable that exerted a significant influence on Product differentiation. The results also indicated that Age of respondent, Generation ownership and Nature of family business had an influence on Promotion of family business. However, the post-hoc Scheffé test revealed that only Generation ownership had a significant influence on Promotion of family business. The analysis of variance also found that the demographic variables Age of respondent, Generation ownership and Number of employees exerted a significant influence on Family business image; however, the post-hoc Scheffé found that only Generation ownership had a significant influence on Family business image. Based on the findings of this study, numerous recommendations were proposed to assist the owners of family SMEs to ultimately improve their business’s financial performance by adopting appropriate marketing and branding practices. The findings of this study showed that by adopting a Product differentiation competitive orientation, family SME owners can enhance their financial performance. It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide family SME owners with practical suggestions on how to use a product differentiation competitive orientation to ultimately increase their longevity, and that the suggestions for future research will inspire future researchers to continue investigating the unique marketing and branding practices of family SMEs.

O presente estudo analisa a evolução, o comportamento e a natureza cíclica do crédito brasileiro no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2013. Mais especificamente, verifica se a postura da condução da oferta de crédito público, de fato, destoou daquela apresentada pelo crédito privado, especialmente após o advento da crise financeira de 2007/2008. Para tanto, se vale de uma revisão das literaturas nacional e internacional e realiza um resgate histórico dos principais bancos públicos do Brasil – etapa que se dá concomitantemente à análise da evolução do desempenho dos mesmos nos últimos tempos. Com isso, além de se mostrar a performance recente destas instituições, demonstra-se também que, a despeito da redução da participação das instituições bancárias públicas na década de 1990, estas foram decisivas para a melhor reação da economia brasileira frente aos efeitos adversos da crise de 2007/2008 – o que fornece mais indícios da validade do problema de pesquisa e traz, por conseguinte, mais força à hipótese de trabalho. Na sequência, são discutidos alguns aspectos metodológicos no intuito de identificar qual a modelagem econométrica seria a mais adequada para descobrir como os bancos públicos e privados se comportaram no período abordado e, mais especificamente, como eles reagiram após o advento da crise financeira dos subprimes – procurou-se também, uma abordagem que, especificamente, ajudasse a desvendar a natureza cíclica dos créditos privado e público. Nesse sentido, optou-se pela modelagem econométrica denominada de Modelos Estruturais de Espaço de Estados, também conhecida como Modelos de Componentes não-observáveis. Através desta metodologia, foi possível verificar, de maneira endógena, se existiram e quando ocorreram outliers e quebras estruturais nas séries de dados referentes à evolução do crédito brasileiro no período. Os resultados obtidos vieram a corroborar a hipótese de trabalho, mostrando a existência de uma relação negativa e estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis representativas do produto interno bruto e as do crédito público e do crédito total. Dessa maneira, chegou-se à conclusão de que, realmente, o crédito público mostrou características contra-cíclicas no período de 2003 a 2013, especialmente após o ano de 2008 – fato que é reforçado pela ocorrência de quebras de nível positivas neste ano. / This study analyses the evolution, behavior and cyclical nature of the Brazilian credit supply in the period from January 2003 to December 2013. Specifically, it checks if the posture of public credit supply’s conduction has differed, indeed, from the one presented by the private credit, particularly after the financial crisis of 2007-08. For this purpose, this paper reviews national and international literature and performs a historical examination of the main Brazilian state-owned banks – which is presented concomitantly to the analysis of their lately performance’s evolution. Therewith, besides showing these institutions’ recent performance, it also demonstrates that, in spite of the reduction in the state-owned banks participation in the 1990s, these were decisive to the better reaction of the Brazilian economy in the face of the adverse effects of the 2007-08 crisis – which provides further evidence of the research question validity and brings, therefore, strenght to the working hypothesis. In the next step, some methodological aspects are discussed aiming to identify which would be the most appropriate econometric modelling to find out how the public and private banks behaved in this period, and specifically, to discover how they reacted after the subprime financial crisis – in this point, a research was made in order to identify an approach that, particularly, helped to reveal the cyclical nature of private and public credits. It was decided to use an econometric approach called Space-State Modelling, also known as Unobservable Component Models. Through this methodology, it was possible to check, in an endogenous way, if there were – and when they occurred – outliers and structural breaks in the data series referring to the Brazilian credit evolution in the period. The results came to support the working hypothesis, showing the existence of a negative and statistically significant relationship between the variables representing the gross domestic product and the ones representing public credit and the total credit. Thus, it was concluded that the public credit, indeed, showed counter-cyclical characteristics in the period between 2003 and 2013, especially after 2008 – a fact that is reinforced by the occurrence of positive level breaks in this year.

O presente estudo analisa a evolução, o comportamento e a natureza cíclica do crédito brasileiro no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2013. Mais especificamente, verifica se a postura da condução da oferta de crédito público, de fato, destoou daquela apresentada pelo crédito privado, especialmente após o advento da crise financeira de 2007/2008. Para tanto, se vale de uma revisão das literaturas nacional e internacional e realiza um resgate histórico dos principais bancos públicos do Brasil – etapa que se dá concomitantemente à análise da evolução do desempenho dos mesmos nos últimos tempos. Com isso, além de se mostrar a performance recente destas instituições, demonstra-se também que, a despeito da redução da participação das instituições bancárias públicas na década de 1990, estas foram decisivas para a melhor reação da economia brasileira frente aos efeitos adversos da crise de 2007/2008 – o que fornece mais indícios da validade do problema de pesquisa e traz, por conseguinte, mais força à hipótese de trabalho. Na sequência, são discutidos alguns aspectos metodológicos no intuito de identificar qual a modelagem econométrica seria a mais adequada para descobrir como os bancos públicos e privados se comportaram no período abordado e, mais especificamente, como eles reagiram após o advento da crise financeira dos subprimes – procurou-se também, uma abordagem que, especificamente, ajudasse a desvendar a natureza cíclica dos créditos privado e público. Nesse sentido, optou-se pela modelagem econométrica denominada de Modelos Estruturais de Espaço de Estados, também conhecida como Modelos de Componentes não-observáveis. Através desta metodologia, foi possível verificar, de maneira endógena, se existiram e quando ocorreram outliers e quebras estruturais nas séries de dados referentes à evolução do crédito brasileiro no período. Os resultados obtidos vieram a corroborar a hipótese de trabalho, mostrando a existência de uma relação negativa e estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis representativas do produto interno bruto e as do crédito público e do crédito total. Dessa maneira, chegou-se à conclusão de que, realmente, o crédito público mostrou características contra-cíclicas no período de 2003 a 2013, especialmente após o ano de 2008 – fato que é reforçado pela ocorrência de quebras de nível positivas neste ano. / This study analyses the evolution, behavior and cyclical nature of the Brazilian credit supply in the period from January 2003 to December 2013. Specifically, it checks if the posture of public credit supply’s conduction has differed, indeed, from the one presented by the private credit, particularly after the financial crisis of 2007-08. For this purpose, this paper reviews national and international literature and performs a historical examination of the main Brazilian state-owned banks – which is presented concomitantly to the analysis of their lately performance’s evolution. Therewith, besides showing these institutions’ recent performance, it also demonstrates that, in spite of the reduction in the state-owned banks participation in the 1990s, these were decisive to the better reaction of the Brazilian economy in the face of the adverse effects of the 2007-08 crisis – which provides further evidence of the research question validity and brings, therefore, strenght to the working hypothesis. In the next step, some methodological aspects are discussed aiming to identify which would be the most appropriate econometric modelling to find out how the public and private banks behaved in this period, and specifically, to discover how they reacted after the subprime financial crisis – in this point, a research was made in order to identify an approach that, particularly, helped to reveal the cyclical nature of private and public credits. It was decided to use an econometric approach called Space-State Modelling, also known as Unobservable Component Models. Through this methodology, it was possible to check, in an endogenous way, if there were – and when they occurred – outliers and structural breaks in the data series referring to the Brazilian credit evolution in the period. The results came to support the working hypothesis, showing the existence of a negative and statistically significant relationship between the variables representing the gross domestic product and the ones representing public credit and the total credit. Thus, it was concluded that the public credit, indeed, showed counter-cyclical characteristics in the period between 2003 and 2013, especially after 2008 – a fact that is reinforced by the occurrence of positive level breaks in this year.

A presente dissertação de mestrado consiste em um estudo de caso das contratações das parcerias público-privadas (PPPs) das Linhas 4 e 6 de metrô em São Paulo. A partir do estudo indutivo realizado, buscou-se compreender como os instrumentos jurídicos são efetivamente utilizados para viabilizar o provimento de uma atividade de interesse público para a população; a evolução institucional ocorrida no processo de aprendizagem de utilização dessas ferramentas; e o papel desempenhado pelas empresas estatais nesse novo cenário. Para tanto, o texto constrói a evolução das formas de concessão de serviços públicos e situa no plano histórico o surgimento e a adoção das PPPs como indicativos de uma nova forma de atuação estatal na economia. O estudo de caso foi elaborado a partir de análise documental e construção de narrativas, por entrevistas semiestruturadas, dos atores envolvidos nos processos de contratação das Linhas 4 e 6. A observação empírica revelou que as empresas estatais cumprem um papel fundamental na criação de arranjos institucionais funcionais para a viabilização dos empreendimentos conjuntos, exercendo uma função coordenação público-privada e promovendo aprendizado institucional. Também observou-se que complexos arranjos contratuais são utilizados como forma de separar as obrigações contratuais de demandas políticas, insulando os direitos do concessionário de alterações posteriores. Isso ficou evidente, especialmente, no tocante à diferenciação entre tarifa política e tarifa contratual, às garantias de pagamento de contraprestação e aporte e ao sistema de pagamentos de tarifas. Os resultados obtidos a longo dessa pesquisa acrescem ao conjunto de estudos que apontam para a inadequação de medidas institucionais de tamanho único para o desenvolvimento (teoria das dotações institucionais). A experiência indica que as PPPs estudadas foram bem-sucedidas justamente porque foram construídas a partir de soluções e arranjos institucionais específicos ao contexto em que estavam inseridas, levando em consideração as limitações e as potencialidades do direito local. Desse modo, a pesquisa conclui pela existência de um modelo brasileiro de PPPs que envolve, necessariamente, intermediação de empresas estatais na construção de arranjos institucionais cooperativos entre os atores públicos e privados. / This thesis is the written product of a case study of São Paulos Metro Lines 4 and 6 public-private partnerships contracts. The objectives of this empirical study were to fully understand how: the legal tools are handled in order to provide a public service to the people; the institutional development in the process of learning the use of these tools; and the role played by state-owned enterprises in this new context. In order to do so, the text builds on the historical evolution of state concessions and the emergence of PPPs as indicators of a new way of State intervention in the economy. The case study was made using documental analysis and the building of narratives, through interviews with the main actors in the processes of contracting out the services of metro. The empirical observation revealed that state-owned enterprises play a significant role in the making of functional institutional arrangements necessary to the existence and function of joint enterprises, working as a coordinator of the public-private relationship and promoting institutional learning. Also, it was noted that complex contractual arrangements are used as a way of detaching contractual obligations from political demands, insulating concessionarys rights from ulterior changes. This was evidenced, specially, by the description of the contractual differentiation of tariffs (political vs contractual), also by the structure of the counterparts warrantees, and by the payment system that was created. The results from this research add to the growing literature that points out the inadequacy of one size fits all institutional changes in order to promote development. The reported experience indicates that the PPP contracts were well succeeded precisely because they were built on context-specific solution and institutional arrangements, that took into account the limitations and potentialities of the local legal system. In this sense, the research shows the existence of a Brazilian model of PPP contracts that involves, necessarily, the intermediation of state-owned enterprises in the formation of cooperative institutional arrangements between public and private actors.

Submitted by Vinicius Cunha (vinicius.cunha@bndes.gov.br) on 2012-07-07T00:18:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Vinicius_Cunha.pdf: 923012 bytes, checksum: 1ff0887da097b2c17db75a8cbbc01b28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-07-31T14:19:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Vinicius_Cunha.pdf: 923012 bytes, checksum: 1ff0887da097b2c17db75a8cbbc01b28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-07-31T14:19:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Vinicius_Cunha.pdf: 923012 bytes, checksum: 1ff0887da097b2c17db75a8cbbc01b28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-31T14:20:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Vinicius_Cunha.pdf: 923012 bytes, checksum: 1ff0887da097b2c17db75a8cbbc01b28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-11 / This dissertation aims to discuss sports marketing issues, emphasizing the role of Brazilian State-owned companies as sports supporters. There is still a lack of acknowledgment regarding their sponsorship policies and interests in doing so, and that is the gap this paper intends to fill. What critical aspects might be involved in the decision of State-owned companies to establish sports sponsorship? The author will carry out bibliographical research to gather some data on the returns from sports marketing. In addition to this, the BNDES and Eletrobras – two of the largest Brazilian publicly-owned companies – will be scrutinized to better understand patterns, concerns and goals related to their involvement with sport. The outcome, once generalized, will shed light on corporate sports marketing strategies, and, thus, the dissertation will accomplish its goals. / A dissertação aborda aspectos concernentes ao marketing esportivo no Brasil, com ênfase no patrocínio a modalidades exercido pelas empresas públicas. Na arena em que atuam com papel de destaque, muito pouco ainda é sabido sobre os interesses no apoio por parte destas corporações. Quais seriam, então, os fatores críticos que levam empresas públicas a patrocinarem o esporte? Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, evidencia-se o vasto potencial que o marketing esportivo detém em termos de comunicação e de mercadologia. E através de estudo de caso envolvendo motivações no BNDES e na Eletrobras, pretende-se generalizar os objetivos das empresas públicas com o uso do patrocínio esportivo.

Submitted by Gustavo Duarte Pimenta (gustavo.pimenta@aes.com) on 2012-09-14T14:11:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Pimenta - Dissertação MPFE - vFinal4.pdf: 155130 bytes, checksum: 13a9f1c944e938153edb425c6c2539ee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2012-09-14T14:24:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Pimenta - Dissertação MPFE - vFinal4.pdf: 155130 bytes, checksum: 13a9f1c944e938153edb425c6c2539ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-14T15:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Pimenta - Dissertação MPFE - vFinal4.pdf: 155130 bytes, checksum: 13a9f1c944e938153edb425c6c2539ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-15 / The drivers for entry and expansion modes of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been studied by several authors over the last decades but empirical results have been historically mixed. More recently, Hennart (2009) argued that the reason for the inconsistent results to date resided in the fact that prior theories assumed that local markets could be freely accessed based on a unilateral decision by the MNEs, and then proposes an alternative framework in which the entry and expansion modes of MNEs in foreign countries are a solution based on the relative efficiency of both markets. In this study, the proposed framework is tested against the prior theories based on investments made by U.S.-based MNEs in Brazil from 2005 to 2010. The results suggest that the local market characteristics, more specifically the concentration ratio at the firm and asset levels, are indeed important to influence the entry and expansion mode of U.S.-based MNEs in Brazil, reinforcing the argument against MNEs-centric theories. However, differently from Hennart’s proposition, we were not able to confirm the hypotheses that the MNEs skills are relevant to influence the final solution. We have also tested whether the difference in growth rate between the two countries could be a driver for MNEs to favor acquisition over greenfield given the opportunity cost of postponing the investments. The test result, based on our sample, was not able to confirm this hypothesis.

民國80年代起，國營事業配合民營化政策停止新進人員進用，至民國90年代才陸續恢復，近年來，政府為改善國營事業人力結構，加速人力新陳代謝，積極規劃鬆綁國營事業用人制度並持續招考員工。國營事業新進員工的工作滿意與組織承諾對於所屬國營事業未來的發展及經營將具有極大的影響，更關係到組織的效率和競爭力。因此本研究以國營事業新進人員工作滿意、組織承諾為探討重點，同時就國營事業新進人員之個人背景變項與工作滿意、組織承諾作相關分析，並探討國營事業新進人員之工作滿意度對於組織承諾之影響，以問卷調查的方式進行資料蒐集。經分析問卷調查結果後發現： 一、不同「服務年資」、「人員類別」及「工作職務」的國營事業新進人員在工作滿意部分構面上有顯著差異。 二、不同「年齡」、「服務年資」、「人員類別」及「工作職務」的國營事業新進人員在組織承諾部分構面上有顯著差異。 三、國營事業新進人員工作滿意對組織承諾具有顯著的相關性，且呈現非常高度正相關。 四、國營事業新進人員之工作滿意各構面對組織承諾各構面部分達到顯著的正向效果－「內在滿意」、「外在滿意」與「一般滿意」對價值承諾之影響均呈現顯著的正向效果，「內在滿意」與「一般滿意」對努力承諾之影響亦呈現顯著的正向效果，「內在滿意」與「外在滿意」對留職承諾之影響同為顯著的正向效果。 依據相關研究分析結果提出建議供國營事業主管機關、國營事業機構及新進人員參考，以提升新進人員的工作滿意及組織承諾。 / In the 1990s, state-owned enterprises stopped the use of new entrants in cooperation with the privatization policy and only gradually recovered in the 2000s. In recent years, the government has been working hard to improve the manpower structure of state-run enterprises and speed up manpower metabolism by systematically planning to loosen the employment system of state-owned enterprises Employee. The job satisfaction and organizational commitment of new entrants in state-owned enterprises will have a tremendous impact on the future development and operation of the state-owned enterprises to which they belong, and more on the efficiency and competitiveness of the organization. Therefore, this study is satisfied with the work of new personnel in state-owned enterprises, the organization promises to explore the key points, at the same time, it analyzes the individual background changes of variables and job satisfaction, organizational commitment and the job satisfaction of the newly recruited state- The impact of commitment, and to conduct a questionnaire survey data collection. After the analysis of the survey results found: 1.There are significant differences in terms of job satisfaction among the newly recruited state-owned enterprises with different "years of service", "categories of personnel" and "job titles". 2.The new staff of state-owned enterprises with different "age", "seniority", "type of personnel" and "job title" have significant differences in the organizational commitment aspects. 3.Job satisfaction of newly recruited state-owned enterprises has significant correlation with organizational commitment and shows a very high degree of positive correlation. 4.Job Satisfaction of New Staff in State-owned Enterprises Achieve Significant Positive Effect on Various Facets of Organizational Commitment. Based on the results of the relevant research and analysis, suggestions are made for the reference of the competent state-run business administrations, state-owned institutions and newly recruited personnel so as to enhance the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the newly recruited staff.

Professional sporting events draw staggering crowds to stadia on a yearly basis. This combined, with the prosocial psychological effects of attending professional games and the cultural meaning of stadia to a community, provide excellent opportunities for municipalities to use their stadia in a movement towards global socio-ecological sustainability. While these opportunities are available, the industry is not well established to realize their potential. Our research, through application of the framework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD), offers measures to facilitate such a move. In application of the framework, however, a key threat of professional team monopoly power was identified, putting into question the perpetuation of public ownership over facilities with professional teams as tenants. If a solution is to be reached within this model, a multi-stakeholder approach is endorsed, where reduction of team monopoly power is conceded for the long-term benefits to municipalities. / <p>Cristhian G. +46 733 -572918</p>