Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:51:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01 - capa_abstract.pdf: 113068 bytes, checksum: ac8d58045328d0ccbe13706fe9c3dede (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The heavy oil (10 20ºAPI) is more than half of world oil reserves, there are predictions that in 2025 are the main source of oil in the world. The difficulties in exploration this kind of oil are associated with unfavorable characteristics such as density and viscosity (100 to 10.000 cP). With the need to improve the utilization of reservoir - in view of the relatively low levels of efficiency of traditional techniques - it has expanded the research to develop new techniques for recovery, especially Microbialy Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). In the recovery of oil contained in sand-pack columns, two dimensionless variables are reported as important: the capillary number and ratio of viscosity. As the increases capillary number, the residual oil decreases. This can be achieved by reducing the interfacial tension between the fluid of residual oil. Several authors have reported the tensions interfaciais ultra between biosurfactant and hydrocarbons, including heavy oil. In the present work, tested the hypothesis that the biosurfactant produced on condition of reservoir, by two isolates of Bacillus subtilis from the collection of culture of the Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente (LBBMA / DMB / UFV), are capable to remove heavy oil in sand-pack columns. Initially, the isolates of Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 were evaluated as to the growth and biosurfactant production in response to temperature and salinity. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used, with temperature and salinity being independent variable. The results were analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and showed that the those isolates were able of growth and biosurfactant production of under anaerobic conditions. The growth was influenced by temperature and biosurfactant production was influenced by temperature and salinity. After that, the biosurfactant produced by those isolates, alone or mixed, were analyzed as the ability to remove heavy oil trapped in sand-pack columms. The injection of three volumes of porous extract biossurfactante (EB) produced by Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 removed 13.55% and 17.42%, respectively, from residual oil (14 ºAPI). The mixed of extracts from biosurfactant produced by those two isolates showed intermediate values of DMC and recovery of residual oil reported for each. Summarize, the extracts from biosurfactant (EB) produced under anaerobic conditions by Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 e Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBM 258 are effective in recovery heavy oil nuclei of the sand-pack columms and have potencial for use Microbialy Enhanced Oil Recovery. / Os óleos pesados (10-20 ºAPI) constituem mais da metade das reservas mundiais de petróleo, havendo previsões de que em 2025 sejam a principal fonte de petróleo no mundo. As dificuldades na exploração desse tipo de óleo estão associadas a características desfavoráveis, como densidade e viscosidade (100 a 10000 cP). Com a necessidade de melhorar o aproveitamento dos reservatórios tendo em vista os níveis relativamente baixos de eficiência das técnicas tradicionais tem-se ampliado as pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas de recuperação, destacando-se a recuperação avançada de petróleo melhorada por microrganismos (Microbially enhanced oil recovery MEOR). Na recuperação de óleos contidos em meios porosos, duas variáveis adimensionais são relatadas como importantes: o número capilar e a razão de viscosidade. À medida que o número capilar aumenta, o óleo residual decresce. Isso pode ser obtido por meio da redução da tensão interfacial entre o fluido de arraste e o óleo residual. Diversos autores têm reportado a obtenção de tensões interfaciais ultrabaixas entre biossurfactantes e hidrocarbonetos, incluindo o óleo pesado. Neste trabalho, testou-se a hipótese de que os biossurfactantes produzidos, em condição de reservatório, por dois isolados de Bacillus subtilis pertencentes à Coleção de Culturas do Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente (LBBMA/DMB/UFV), são capazes de mobilizar óleo pesado em sistemas porosos de areia. Inicialmente, os isolados de Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 e BacilIus subtilis spizizenii LBBMA 258 foram avaliados quanto ao crescimento e produção de biossurfactante em resposta a variações de temperatura e salinidade. Para tanto, foi empregada a Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (MSR) através do delineamento experimental Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR), e observou-se que esses isolados foram capazes de produzir biossurfactantes em anaerobiose, sendo o crescimento influenciado pela temperatura e a produção de biossurfactante influenciada pela temperatura e pela salinidade. Posteriormente, os biossurfactantes produzidos por esses isolados, sozinhos ou em misturas, foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de mobilização de óleo pesado retido em núcleos porosos de areia. A injeção de três volumes porosos do extrato de biossurfactante (EB) produzidos por Bacillus subtilis LBBMA 155 e Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 removeram 13,55% e 17,42%, respectivamente, de petróleo residual (14 ºAPI). A mistura dos extratos de biossurfactantes produzidos por esses dois isolados mostrou valores intermediários de DMC e recuperação de petróleo residual reportados para cada um. Sinteticamente, os extratos de biossurfactantes (EB) produzidos em anaerobiose por B. subtilis LBBMA 155 e B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii LBBMA 258 são efetivos na mobilização de óleo pesado em núcleos porosos de areia e possuem potencial de utilização na recuperação avançada de petróleo melhorada por microrganismos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia peixoto bueno.pdf: 2154558 bytes, checksum: e3212e2f2e948a89b381b38c7ab473b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20 / The deterioration of vacuum packed refrigerated meat accompanied by large gas production - a phenomenon called blown pack - is considered a major cause of economic losses of the meat industry in several regions of Brazil and the world. Several psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms may be involved, especially species of Clostridium. The objective of the present study was to perform the molecular characterization, through the use of the PCR technique, and the molecular isolation by conventional bacteriology, of the main microorganisms that cause blown pack in refrigerated meat from Brazil, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Thus, typing techniques were used to differentiate the species and subspecies involved in this type of deterioration. Tirty-six samples of Brazilian blown pack meat, 6 samples from the UK and 12 experimental blown pack samples of venison from the North Island of New Zealand were analyzed. Three pairs of primers, the RFP / RRP, the 16SEF/16SER and the pair EISRF / EISRR were used for C. estertheticum estertheticum and Clostridium estertheticum like, and one for C. gasigenes (16DBF/16DBR). The samples with the PCR results were sent to a microbiology laboratory for conventional isolation of Clostridium estertheticum. It was concluded that Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum is responsible for the deterioration of meat and hence the blown pack in the UK. Samples of blown pack Brazilian meat have Clostridium estertheticum like as primary causal agent. The typing was carried out in isolates and strains - donated by Mirinz Center / Ruakura Agresearch / Hamilton / New Zealand - together with two isolates from Brazil, involved in this type of deterioration. The selected techniques AFLP and RFLP - PCR were able to distinguish species and subspecies of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic clostridia. However, the AFLP showed the highest discriminatory power, being able to distinguish 100% of the species - C. estertheticum, C. frigoris, C. bowmani, C. lacusfryxellense and C. psychrophylum - and also the subspecies C. estertheticum estertheticum, C. estertheticum laramiense, C. estertheticum like k21 and k24. Through the technique of RFLP, it was possible to differentiate the species of clostridia psychrotrophic, psichrophilic and also the subspecies C. estertheticum estertheticum and Clostridium estertheticum like, along with the use of four restriction endonucleases - AluI, CfoI, TaqI and HaeIII. The HaeIII provided greater variety of fragments and the ability to differentiate the species of clostridia psychrophilic and psychrotrophic, whereas TaqI was the only enzyme capable of differentiating the subspecies of C. estertheticum estertheticum and C. estertheticum laramiense of C. estertheticum like. The Brazilian samples isolated fit into the group of Clostridium estertheticum like, although there is no confirmation of the absence of Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum in the country. / A deterioração de carnes refrigeradas embaladas a vácuo acompanhada de grande produção de gás - fenômeno denominado tufamento de embalagens - é considerada uma das principais causas de perdas econômicas da indústria cárnea, em várias regiões do Brasil e do mundo. Diversos microrganismos psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos podem estar envolvidos, destacando-se espécies do gênero Clostridium. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo a caracterização molecular, por meio do emprego da técnica de PCR e o isolamento pela bacteriologia convencional, dos principais microrganismos causadores do tufamento de embalagens de carnes refrigeradas procedentes do Brasil, Nova Zelândia e Reino Unido. Para tanto, foram empregadas técnicas de tipagem visando a diferenciação das espécies e subespécies envolvidas neste tipo de deterioração. Foram analisadas 36 amostras tufadas de carnes brasileiras, 6 amostras tufadas oriundas do Reino Unido e 12 amostras experimentais tufadas de carne de cervo provenientes da Ilha Norte da Nova Zelândia. Foram utilizados três pares de primers, o RFP/RRP, o 16SEF/16SER e o par EISRF/EISRR para C. estertheticum estertheticum e Clostridium estertheticum like e um para C. gasigenes (16DBF/16DBR). As amostras com os resultados positivos ao PCR foram enviadas para a microbiologia convencional para isolamento do Clostridium estertheticum. Concluiu-se que o Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum é responsável pela deterioração das carnes e, consequentemente, pelo tufamento das embalagens no Reino Unido. As amostras tufadas de embalagens de carnes brasileiras têm como principal agente causador o Clostridium estertheticum like. A tipagem foi relizada em cepas e isolados doados pelo Mirinz Centre/ Ruakura AgResearch/ Hamilton/NZ - juntamente a dois isolados brasileiros, envolvidos nesse tipo de deterioração . As técnicas eleitas AFLP e RFLP PCR foram capazes de distinguir as espécies e subespécies de clostrídios psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos, porém, o AFLP apresentou maior poder discriminatório, sendo capaz de diferenciar 100% das espécies C. estertheticum, C. frigoris, C. bowmani, C. lacusfryxellense e C psychrophylum - e também as subespécies - Clostridium estertheticum estertheticum, Clostridium estertheticum laramiense, o Clostridium estertheticum like K21 e Clostridium estertheticum like K24. Por meio da técnica de RFLP foi possível diferenciar as espécies do clostrídio psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos e também as subespécies C. estertheticum estertheticum e Clostridium estertheticum like, utilizando em conjunto as quatro endonucleases de restrição AluI, CfoI, TaqI e HaeIII. A HaeIII proporciona maior variedade de fragmentos e capacidade de diferenciar as espécies de clostrídios psicrofílicos e psicrotróficos. Já a TaqI foi a única enzima capaz de diferenciar as subespécies C. estertheticum estertheticum e C. estertheticum laramiense do C. estertheticum like. As amostras brasileiras isoladas se enquadraram no grupo do Clostridium estertheticum like.

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The goal in my bachelor thesis has been to create a multifunctional furniture, a product in which the form has followed the function to allow the user variation for the body and practical functions. The purpose of this project has been to encourage reduction of unnecessary furniture within compact living spaces and instead offer better solutions to practical multifunctional furniture. In my research phase for this project I studied different forms of multifunctional furniture on the market as well as carried out different observational studies of student living and how students generally use their furniture. The first being various visits to different student rums and apartments. The other being a closer study at Malmstens school in which I allowed students to create their own space and interact with the furniture to study how the students used the furniture and how the students sat in the furniture. A basic, yet crucial, survey about multifunctional furniture was sent out to gather information on what people do at home and what type of furniture people prefer if they were to live in a compact space. The research gathered led to the next phase of the project in which many different sketching techniques, both 2d and 3d, resulted in a multifunctional furniture which offers variation within sitting and practical use. As a result of the analysis a furniture prototype will be built and shown at Malmstens Spring Exhibition and Vallastaden Living and House Society Exhibit in September 2017. / I detta examensarbete har målet varit att skapa en multifunktionell möbel, en produkt där form följer funktion som erbjuder variation både för kroppen och för praktiska funktioner. Syftet med att uppnå detta mål är att uppmuntra till minimering av antalet möbler på en begränsad yta och därmed bidra till minskad konsumtion och erbjuda fler praktiska lösningar i hemmet. Jag vill upplysa om och uppmuntra tanken att möbler kan passa människans flexibla behov. En insamlingsetapp av information från studiebesök, deltagande observationer, en enkät och en omvärldsanalys har lett till en god uppfattning om hur människor kan möblera i framtiden. Under dessa observationsstudier besöktes olika former av studentboende med fokus på att observera förhållande mellan hur möbeln användes och placeras i rummet. I den andra studien som ägde rum på Malmstensskolan skapades ett påhittat rum som fick inredas av olika studenter för att se vilka funktioner möbeln användes till och hur studenten rörde sig i sina möbler. Undersökningen har lett till en omfattande skissprocess med olika skissmetoder. Resultatet är en multifunktionell möbel som ger variation för både sittande och praktiskt användning. Utifrån detta examensarbete tillverkas en prototyp som ska ställas ut vid Malmstens Vårutställning 2017 och vid Vallastaden Bo- och Samhällsexpo 2017.

Afin d’accroitre le rendement des turbomachines les motoristes aéronautiques visent à développer de nouveaux matériaux réfractaires permettant d’augmenter les températures de service des parties les plus chaudes. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s’inscrivent dans ce contexte et ont pour cadre le projet européen FP7-HYSOP dans lequel les alliages Nbss-Nb5Si3 sont à l’étude. Alors que d’un point de vue mécanique leurs propriétés sont compatibles avec leur industrialisation, leur résistance à l’oxydation dès les températures intermédiaires (800°C) constitue l’obstacle majeur à leur application. Deux voies sont suivies dans ce travail pour améliorer ce comportement. La première vise à évaluer l’effet d’un affinement de microstructure en synthétisant l’alliage Nbss-Nb5Si3 soit par la voie fusion, soit par métallurgie des poudres. Il a été montré que les microstructures les plus fines permettent de diminuer les cinétiques d’oxydations à 1100°C, et de s’affranchir des phénomènes d’oxydation catastrophique dont souffrent les alliages à microstructure grossière à 815°C. Des modèles diffusionnels gouvernant l’oxydation de ces matériaux ont pu être proposés. La seconde partie se focalise sur le développement de revêtements à base de siliciures, par la technique de cémentation activée en caisse, dont le caractère protecteur est assuré principalement par la formation d’une couche de silice (SiO2). Une série de tests d’oxydation/corrosion, représentative des conditions extrêmes régnant en sortie de chambre de combustion (isotherme ou cyclique, sous air, air + H2O, mélange silicaté CMAS), a permis d’évaluer et de hiérarchiser les performances des différents systèmes revêtus / Progress in the field of gas-Turbine engines for aircrafts is controlled by the availability of new structural materials able to withstand higher temperatures than nickel based superalloys. The present PhD work was conducted in this context, within the framework of the European FP7-HYSOP project, in which Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloys are studied. From a mechanical point of view, the physicochemical properties (room temperature fracture toughness and creep rate) are compatible with the targeted temperature (1300°C). However, starting from the intermediate temperatures (800°C), the oxidation resistance of those alloys is the major obstacle to their use. In this work, two ways are investigated to improve this behavior: The first one aims at studying the effect of a refinement of microstructure synthesizing the Nbss-Nb5Si3 alloy both by fusion method and powder metallurgy route. It was shown that refining the microstructure led to decrease the oxidation kinetics at 1100°C and suppressed the catastrophic breakaway oxidation (pesting) typical of the Nb-Si alloys with coarse microstructure at 815°C. Furthermore, diffusion models were proposed to describe oxidation kinetics both at 815°C and 1100°C. The second part of this study is devoted to the development of silica forming protective coatings. Diffusion silicide coatings were manufactured by the halide activated pack-Cementation method. The various conditions of oxidation/corrosion tests (isothermal or cyclic, in air, air containing water vapor, CMAS silicate melt) allowed assessing and ranking the performance of coated systems

The goal of this master's thesis is a creation of dataset capturing selected users' activities, network analysis of this dataset, design and implementation of method to detect selected users' activities and discussion of achieved results. 4 devices have been chosen for the creation of this dataset.

Object my master’s thesis is the design a Medical device uninterruptible power supply with managment system utilizing I2C bus. Norm EN 61000-3-2 define electric parameters for medical device power supply. In case of power supply for medial equipment is expressive accent on increased electric strength. This power supply have usually primary and secondary power circuit. Primary power circuit form line accumulator, which supplies needed output to the load and recharge reserve battery. Secondary is formed battery-pack, which serve as back-up power supply at drop-out prime circle. They have a minimum weight, small proportions, large overall effectivity also charging battery-pack and monitoring battery-pack charging condition. Result whole those master’s thesis is design Medical device uninterruptible power supply with managment system utilizing I2C bus and realization board layout. Resulting characteristics designed supply unit are: Output voltages are 5V/ 3 A , 12V/ 1,5 A and -12V/ 0,1 A. Managment support information about: Line adapter/ battery pack switch, battery-pack charging condition and actuall tempera-ture battery-pack.

This Diploma thesis occupies with design of hydraulic puller. In work are mentioned possible types of construction. Choice construction of puller is disposed with parameters: maximum pushing force 50 kN, speed of piston rod 0,05 m/s. This work also contains FEM analysis by computer programme I-DEAS. The work also occupies with design of fluid drive.

This diploma thesis deals with the mechanical proposal of hydraulic puller. Furthermore, it includes the detail design solutions. The project also includes the calculation of the hydraulic puller parameters: maximum pushing force is 60 kN, speed of movement is 0.1 m s-1. This work also contains of stress analysis FEM with I-DEAS software. Following part deals with the design of hydraulic circuit for driving puller. At the end of work there are options for replacements of hydraulic puller by mechanical systems.

Die wissenschaftliche Erforschung des Haushundes (Canis lupus forma familiaris) mit Fokus auf seine sozialen Eigenschaften hat große Relevanz in Anbetracht seiner zunehmenden Bedeutung im Zusammenleben mit dem Menschen als Familienmitglied und Arbeitstier. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Relevanz von Dominanz in den Beziehungen von Gruppenmitgliedern einer Meute Englischer Foxhounds darzustellen sowie ihre Auswirkung auf die Sozialstruktur der Hunde. Weitergehend sollte die Analyse von aggressionsanzeigendem Verhalten und sozialen Strategien Aufschluss über Regelungsmechanismen im Zusammenleben der Hunde geben. Speichelcortisolanalysen sollten Einblick über die Stressexposition der Hunde in diesem Zusammenleben geben. Das Neutrophilen/ Lymphozyten Verhältnis im Blut sollte darüber hinaus mögliche Auswirkungen der Cortisolproduktion auf das Immunsystem aufzeigen. Für die Datenerhebung wurden 16 Englische Foxhounds einer Meute von 72 Hunden berücksichtigt. Je 4 Hündinnen und 4 Rüden wurden einer von 2 Gruppen zugeteilt. Über einen Zeitraum von 10 Monaten erfolgten Verhaltensbeobachtungen an jedem Individuum mittels der Methode Focal Animal Sampling. Von Hunden aus Gruppe 1 wurden 17,5 Stunden Beobachtungsmaterial und aus Gruppe 2 17,0 Stunden gesammelt. Die Speichelproben wurden mit der Salivette® der Firma SARSTEDT (Nümbrecht- Rommelsdorf) entnommen und mittels eines speziell für die Speichelcortisol- Analyse entwickelten Immunoassays (double- antibody biotin- linked enzyme immunoassay) analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die als möglicherweise dominanzanzeigend eingestuften Indikatoren, nämlich die Körperhaltung High Posture und die Durchsetzungskraft als Eigenschaft eines Hundes, konnten als solche nicht bestätigt werden. Es konnte keine dominanzbasierte Hierarchie ermittelt werden. Auch konnten von 82 Dyaden nur in 5 eine Dominanz- Subordinanz- Beziehung ermittelt werden, was kein aussagekräftiges Ergebnis darstellt. Aggressive Handlungen wurden in beiden Gruppen pro Stunde durchschnittlich jeweils 12 Mal beobachtet, jedoch meist in der Intensität 1 - 2 (von 5- stufiger Skala). Sie wurden hochsignifikant häufiger unter Rüden als unter Hündinnen beobachtet (p= 0,002). Berechnungen der Aggressionskoeffizienten belegten deutliche Unterschiede in den individuellen Aggressionsniveaus. Die Analyse ausgetragener Konflikte auf Taktiken und Strategien lieferte jedoch keine signifikanten Ergebnisse. Die Foxhounds reagierten situativ und selten gegner- und nie kontextabhängig. Die Speichelcortisolanalysen belegten vielfach höhere Basal- Mittelwerte der Foxhounds verglichen mit Analysen von Hunden anderer Studien. Eine Reduktion des Cortisolwerts erfolgte bei 14 von 16 Hunden nach 20- minütigem Einzelspaziergang mit Menschenkontakt. Allerdings konnte keine Verbindung zwischen dem Speichelcortisolwert und dem soziometrisch errechneten Rangplatz in der Gruppe ermittelt werden. Ebenso bestand keine Korrelation zwischen dem Speichelcortisolwert und Immunstatus sowie Aggressionspotential. Schlussfolgerungen: Dominanz spielte keine erkennbare Rolle in den sozialen Interaktionen und Beziehungen der Hunde. Die Ergebnisse lassen die Schlussfolgerung auf eine egalitäre Sozialstruktur der Foxhounds zu statt einer dominanzabhängigen, was auch durch die situativ geregelten Begegnungen unterstützt wird. Aggressives Verhalten als häufig repräsentiertes Kommunikationselement wurde bei den einzelnen Hunden unterschiedlich oft beobachtet, was auf die Verschiedenheit der Charaktere und ihre Motivationen, Konflikte einzugehen, hindeutet. Die häufiger unter Rüden beobachtete Aggression kann auf ein erhöhtes Konkurrenzpotential hindeuten. Die im Speichel der Foxhounds gemessenen Cortisolwerte lassen die Vermutung auf eine durch das Gruppenleben bedingte Erhöhung des Basalwerts zu, ohne Konsequenzen auf den Immunstatus. Die fehlenden Korrelationen zu den individuellen Rangplätzen und Aggression unterstützt die Vermutung eines lockeren bzw. egalitären Sozialgefüges.