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The goal of this thesis is project of developing accommodation. The main subject is private family business (pension) in spa town called Třeboň located in South Bohemia. In the beginning of this thesis are decribed typological kind of customers, principal and strategy. In the second part are analyzed both outdoor and internal environment of Třeboň. On the basis of this reserch is SWOT analyse comleted. Conclusion of this research are suggestions to attract new customers for Pension Markéta off season on travel packets and mainly decrease energetical demands on maintainance Pension in cold winter season (from October till April).

Orientador: Stefano de Leo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_KeniaCristinaPereira_M.pdf: 5917573 bytes, checksum: 689b0e6d7c10b6ea1e4524486138cc7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho é estudar a equação de Schrödinger para um potencial quaterniônico tipo barreira. A solução analítica encontrada permite comparar qualitativamente as diferenças entre a mecânica quântica complexa e a mecânica quântica quaterniônica. Antes de apresentar a solução analítica da barreira, para um melhor entendimento da motivação que leva ao estudo de uma mecânica quântica quaterniônica, será analisado em detalhes (ondas planas e pacotes de onda) o potencial tipo degrau / Abstract: The main objective of this research is to study the Schrödinger equation for a quaternionic potential barrier. The analytical solution found allow us to compare qualitatively the differences between the complex quantum mechanics and the quaternionic quantum mechanics. Before presenting the barrier analytical solution, to a better understanding of the motivation that leads us to the study of quaternionic quantum mechanics, the potencial step will be discussed in detail (plane waves and wave packets) / Mestrado / Fisica-Matematica / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada

Orientadores: Stefano De Leo, Marcelo Moraes Guzzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:45:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maia_GabrielGulak_M.pdf: 1857100 bytes, checksum: 8af9898714b92a166704c01eafe1b9fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A interação de elétrons com barreiras de potencial é um problema bem conhecido da teoria quântica não-relativística de Schrödinger. O tratamento intrinsecamente relativístico do sistema, entretanto, por meio da teoria de Dirac, nos revela diferentes aspectos não fornecidos pela teoria precedente. Por exemplo, uma vez que a equação de Dirac contém naturalmente os graus de liberdade de spin, quatro coeficientes são necessários para descrever o processo e assim o fenômeno da inversão de spin, também chamado spin flip, surge. Com o objetivo de introduzir o formalismo teórico e a notação sobre a qual se sustenta este trabalho, o primeiro capítulo é dedicado a uma breve revisão da equação de Dirac, discutindo-se as propriedades de suas matrizes, a equação de continuidade e obtendo-se suas soluções livres. No capítulo 2 o sistema de interesse, a interação planar de partículas de Dirac com barreiras de potencial eletrostático, é apresentado e são destacados os aspectos que o diferenciam de seu equivalente não-relativístico. São definidos os potenciais escalar e eletrostático e as zonas cinemáticas estabelecidas para os casos unidimensional e bidimensional. O terceiro capítulo é reservado à obtenção dos coeficientes de reflexão e transmissão com e sem spin flip para partículas de Dirac difundindo planarmente através de uma barreira quadrada de potencial eletrostático. Este objetivo é alcançado através de dois métodos distintos de interpretações complementares: O método de degraus e o cálculo de barreira. Coeficientes não-nulos são obtidos para todos os casos, exceto para a transmissão através da barreira com inversão de spin, contrastando com o fato de que todos os degraus componentes da barreira apresentam coeficientes associados diferentes de zero. No quarto capítulo analisa-se o spin das partículas incidentes e o efeito da barreira sobre o spin das partículas refletidas. Ainda que o limite para baixas velocidades seja sempre 1/2, como esperado, em regimes relativísticos encontra-se uma dependência do valor médio deste operador com a energia e o ângulo de incidência no potencial. No quinto capítulo o formalismo de pacote de ondas é desenvolvido e a coerência dos pacotes em relação 'a barreira de potencial investigada, mostrando que a probabilidade de transmissão torna-se constante conforme a largura da barreira aumenta, o que caracteriza o regime incoerente de partículas. Ao fim do capítulo são derivadas as expressões para o spin incidente, refletido e transmitido nesse formalismo. Por fim, o sexto capítulo é reservado ao estudo introdutório do valor médio de autoestados do operador de spin através do formalismo desenvolvido no capítulo anterior como primeira mostra das possibilidades de trabalhos futuros. Mostrado que se o bispinor incidente não for um autoestado do Hamiltoniano de Dirac uma dependência temporal é verificada no valor médio / Abstract: The interaction of electrons with potential barriers is a well-known problem of the Schr¨odinger¿s non-relativistic quantum theory. The intrinsically relativistic treatment of the problem, however, through the Dirac¿s theory, reveals us different aspects, do not provided by the preceding theory. For instance, since the Dirac equation naturally contains the spinorial degree of freedom, four coefficients are needed in order to describe the process and so the spin flip phenomenon emerges. To introduce the theoretical formalism and the notation upon which this work is sustained, the first chapter is devoted to a short review of the Dirac equation, discussing the properties of its matrices, the continuity equation and obtaining its free solutions. Chapter 2 presents the system of interest, the planar interaction of Dirac particles with electrostatic potential barriers. It also highlights the aspects that differentiate this system from its non-relativistic analogue. The scalar and electrostatic potentials are defined and the kinematic zones established for the one-dimensional and the two-dimensional cases. The third chapter is reserved for obtaining the spin flip and spin conserving transmission and reflection coefficients for Dirac particles diffusing two-dimensionally through a square electrostatic potential barrier. This goal is achieved by means of two distinct methods of complementary interpretations: The barrier calculation and the steps calculation. Non-zero coefficients are obtained in all the cases except for the spin flip transmission, contrasting with the fact that no coefficient of the individual steps that compose the barrier is null. In the fourth chapter the incident particles¿ spin is analysed as well as the effect of the barrier on the spin of the reflected particles. As expected the low velocities limits gives us a spin value of 1/2 but in relativistic regime there is a dependence of the spin with the energy and the incidence angle into the potential. In the fifth chapter the wave packet formalism is developed and the packets¿ coherence is investigated, showing that the transmission probability becomes constant as the barrier width becomes greater, characterizing the incoherence of the particle limit. At the end of the chapter the expressions for the incident, reflected and transmitted spin in the new formalism are derived. Finally, the sixth chapter is reserved to the introductory study of mean values of the spin operator eigenstates through the formalism developed in the previous chapter as an example of possibilities for future investigations. It is shown that if the incident bispinor is not a Dirac Hamiltonian eigenstate there is a time dependence in the expected value. Key-words: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, potential barriers, wave-packets / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

Um den Bürgerinnen und Bürgern das Rauchen zu verleiden, setzt die Europäische Union seit zwei Jahren auf die gesetzliche Vor­abe, möglichst eklige bzw. abschreckende Fotos der Folgen des Tabakkonsums auf die Verpackungen zu drucken. Seither tragen auch in Deutschland Zigarettenschachteln, Tabak zum Selbstdrehen und Wasserpfeifentabak sogenannte „Schock­bil­der“ und Warnhinweise. Aus medienwissenschaftlicher und me­di­en­pädagogischer Sicht war von vornherein arg zu bezwei­feln, dass diese Maßnahme Erfolg hat, weil ihr ein veraltetes und unter­komplexes Medienwirkungsmodell zugrunde liegt.

Mobile cloud gaming (MCG) is an emerging concept which aims to deliver video games on-demand to users with the use of cloud technologies. Cloud technology allows the offloading of computation from a less powerful user device or thin client to more robust cloud servers to minimize power consumption and provide additional cloud services such as storage. MCG is therefore very helpful that can reduce the costs of expensive hardware, but the challenge is that it requires a high Quality of Service (QoS) in order to stream and play the games where the users have a high Quality of Experience (QoE). The goal of the study is to investigate how users' QoE is affected by network conditions while playing MCG and compare the results from a previous study. A testbed was made in order to conduct subjective tests where users are going to play Counter Strike: Global Offensive (CS: GO) on a smartphone using Steam Remote Play. The testbed consists of a router, tablet, smartphone, headset, Xbox controller, USB-C multi-port adapter and four different PC's. Participants on campus, both students and non-students, were invited to participate in the experiment. A total of 24 participants completed the tests; however, results from two participants were excluded due to software issues. There were 23 network conditions that was tested for each user and included factors such as round-trip time (RTT), packet losses, bursty jitter, random jitter or combinations of different factors. A multi-platform tool, ALTRUIST, was used to control the applications and facilitate the data collection from the devices and NetEm changed the network conditions. The results showed that the network condition [bj(rtt200i15)] had the highest mean opinion score (MOS) of the QoE of 4.5 for the users with 200 milliseconds of bursty jitter every 15 seconds. The worst network condition tested with the lowest QoE rating of 1.4 was network condition [rtt25pl12] that had 25 milliseconds of RTT and 12% packet losses. There were differences between the male and female participants where the MOS of the QoE results was significantly higher with up to 1.5 MOS QoE rating differences for the females compared to the males in network conditions with RTT with packet losses. However, the sample size was low with only 5 female participants compared to 18 male participants. The MOS of the QoE results separating play time under 10 hours per week and 10 or more hours per week showed no significant changes, where the largest QoE rating difference was 0.5 points. Network condition [rtt25pl12] and [rtt2pl35] had the largest differences in the MOS QoE ratings compared to the previous study, while both was not compared to the same corresponding network condition. The largest difference comparing the same network condition to the previous study was network condition [bj(rtt200i15)] with a difference of 1.1 points higher in the MOS QoE rating.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a very high-speed instrumentation and digital data recording system. The system converts multiple asynchronous analog signals to digital data, forms the data into packets, transmits the packets across fiber-optic lines and routes the data packets to destinations such as high speed recorders, hard disks, Ethernet, and data processing. This system is capable of collecting approximately one hundred megabytes per second of filtered packetized data. The significant system features are its design methodology, system configuration, decoupled interfaces, data as packets, the use of RACEway data and VME control buses, distributed processing on mixedvendor PowerPCs, real-time resource management objects, and an extendible and flexible configuration.

Capturar e analisar pacotes de dados que trafegam pelas redes são tarefas essenciais para os administradores de redes. Estas tarefas ajudam na detecção de anomalias nos sistemas e na verificação do estado atual da rede. Existem várias aplicações que desempenham este papel para o sistema operacional GNU/Linux. Estes programas também exportam informações para os usuários e outras aplicações de várias maneiras. Entretanto, não exportam estas informações de forma hierárquica. Esta pesquisa propõe uma arquitetura alternativa aos sistemas atuais. Nossa arquitetura exporta pacotes de dados em uma estrutura hierárquica de arquivos e diretórios. Além disso, por se tratar de uma arquitetura modular, filtros adicionais, desenvolvidos por terceiros, podem ser adicionados ao sistema. A arquitetura proposta acompanha uma implementação de referência: o sistema de arquivos virtuais netsfs (Network Statistics File System), que funciona em espaço de núcleo (kernel space). A arquitetura e o sistema de arquivos netsfs, propostos nesta pesquisa, apresentam um método alternativo para exibir os pacotes de redes. Os resultados mostraram uma aparente melhoria no que diz respeito à vazão da rede. / Capturing and analyzing data packets flowing across networks are essential tasks for network administrators. These tasks help to detect anomalies in the systems and check the current status of a network. There are software applications for the GNU/Linux operating system which perform such tasks. These tools also export their information to users and other applications in different ways. However, current systems do not export this information in a hierarchical manner. This research introduces an alternative architecture to current systems. Our architecture exports data packets in a hierarchical structure of directories and files. Furthermore, since this is a modular architecture, additional third-party filters can be developed and loaded into the system. The proposed architecture comes with a reference implementation: the pseudo file system netsfs (Network Statistics File System), in kernel space. The architecture and the pseudo file system netsfs, developed in this research, introduce an alternative method to display data packets. Results show an apparent improvement regarding network throughput

The aim of speech scrambling algorithms is to transform clear speech into an unintelligible signal so that it is difficult to decrypt it in the absence of the key. Most of the existing speech scrambling algorithms tend to retain considerable residual intelligibility in the scrambled speech and are easy to break. Typically, a speech scrambling algorithm involves permutation of speech segments in time, frequency or time-frequency domain or permutation of transform coefficients of each speech block. The time-frequency algorithms have given very low residual intelligibility and have attracted much attention. We first study the uniform filter bank based time-frequency scrambling algorithm with respect to the block length and number of channels. We use objective distance measures to estimate the departure of the scrambled speech from the clear speech. Simulations indicate that the distance measures increase as we increase the block length and the number of chan­nels. This algorithm derives its security only from the time-frequency segment permutation and it has been estimated that the effective number of permutations which give a low residual intelligibility is much less than the total number of possible permutations. In order to increase the effective number of permutations, we propose a time-frequency scrambling algorithm based on wavelet packets. By using different wavelet packet filter banks at the analysis and synthesis end, we add an extra level of security since the eavesdropper has to choose the correct analysis filter bank, correctly rearrange the time-frequency segments, and choose the correct synthesis bank to get back the original speech signal. Simulations performed with this algorithm give distance measures comparable to those obtained for the uniform filter bank based algorithm. Finally, we introduce the 2-channel perfect reconstruction circular convolution filter bank and give a simple method for its design. The filters designed using this method satisfy the paraunitary properties on a discrete equispaced set of points in the frequency domain.

Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η εκμετάλλευση των κυματιδίων με σκοπό την βελτίωση της απόδοσης συστημάτων αναγνώρισης ομιλητή και ομιλίας. Στα πλαίσια αυτά, εισάγονται τέσσερις νέοι τρόποι παραμετροποίησης του σήματος ομιλίας: (1) Η πρώτη μέθοδος προσαρμόζει την ανάλυση συχνότητας των πακέτων κυματιδίων για την προσέγγιση της ψυχοακουστικής επίδρασης των κρίσιμων ζωνών του ακουστικού συστήματος ενσωματώνοντας τις τελευταίες εξελίξεις για τον υπολογισμό τους. (2) Η δεύτερη μέθοδος εισάγει μια επέκταση του μετασχηματισμού πακέτων κυματιδίων, τον επικαλυπτόμενο μετασχηματισμό πακέτων κυματιδίων, ο οποίος χρησιμοποιείται για να δοθεί έμφαση στις περιοχές αλλαγής των κρίσιμων ζωνών από μια μικρότερη σε μια μεγαλύτερη τιμή. (3) Η τρίτη μέθοδος αξιολογεί τη συνεισφορά μη επικαλυπτόμενων ζωνών συχνοτήτων στην αναγνώριση ομιλητή και κατασκευάζεται ανάλογα ένας μετασχηματισμός πακέτων κυματιδίων ο οποίος προσαρμόζει την συχνοτική του ανάλυση σύμφωνα με την απόδοση κάθε μίας από τις ζώνες. (4) Η τέταρτη μέθοδος επιλέγει τη βέλτιστη βάση από το σύνολο των μετασχηματισμών που είναι διαθέσιμοι με τα πακέτα κυματιδίων με εφαρμογή την αναγνώριση ομιλητή και κριτήριο το μέτρο EER. Οι παραπάνω τέσσερις τρόποι παραμετροποίησης του σήματος ομιλίας αξιολογήθηκαν με το σύστημα αναγνώρισης ομιλητή WCL-1 του εργαστηρίου ενσύρματης τηλεπικοινωνίας του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών στις βάσεις δεδομένων POLYCOST και NIST και αποδείχθηκε η ανωτερότητά τους τόσο σε σχέση με προηγούμενες μεθόδους των κυματιδίων όσο και σε σχέση με ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενες παραμέτρους ομιλίας, όπως οι παράμετροι cepstral με βάση την κλίμακα mel (MFCC). Επιπλέον, στη διατριβή αναλύονται οι ιδιότητες των σημαντικότερων συναρτήσεων κυματιδίων, επιλέγεται η βέλτιστη για την αναπαράσταση του σήματος ομιλίας και πιστοποιείται στην πράξη αυτή η επιλογή. Τέλος, οι δύο πρώτες από τις προαναφερόμενες μεθόδους παραμετροποίησης τροποποιήθηκαν και επεκτάθηκαν κατάλληλα για την εφαρμογή στην αναγνώριση ομιλίας όπου αξιολογήθηκαν και διαπιστώθηκε η υπεροχή τους έναντι παραδοσιακών και ευρέως διαδεδομένων μεθόδων παραμετροποίησης του σήματος ομιλίας που στηρίζονται στον μετασχηματισμό Fourier. Το κύριο συμπέρασμα που προέκυψε από τη παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή είναι ότι τα κυματίδια και συγκεκριμένα τα πακέτα κυματιδίων είναι δυνατόν να χρησιμοποιηθούν με επιτυχία στη βελτίωση της απόδοσης συστημάτων αναγνώρισης ομιλητή και ομιλίας. / The main goal of the present thesis is the exploitation of wavelets for the optimization of speaker and speech recognition systems performance. In this context, four new speech parameterization methods are introduced: (1) The first method adapts the frequency resolution of wavelet packet transform to the critical bandwidth of auditory filters incorporating the recent advances for their estimation. (2) The second method introduces a generalization of wavelet packet transform, named overlapping wavelet packet transform, which emphasizes those frequency sub-bands that critical bandwidth changes from a finer to a coarser value. (3) The third method evaluates the contribution of each one of eight non-overlapping frequency sub-bands, that the Nyquist interval is divided, to the speaker recognition task and a wavelet packet transform is constructed which adapts its frequency resolution according to the performance of each sub-band. (4) The fourth method introduces a new technique for seeking and selecting the best basis among all wavelet packet transforms available in the speaker recognition task taking as criterion the EER. The aforementioned four speech signal parameterizations were evaluated on the speaker verification system WCL-1 of Wire Communications Laboratory, University of Patras, utilizing the speaker recognition corpora POLYCOST and NIST and their superiority was proven over previous wavelet-based parameterizations as well as the widely used Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). Among the four proposed methods, it was proven that the second parameterization technique exhibited the best performance. Furthermore, the most important wavelet properties are thoroughly analyzed, the optimal is selected for the representation of the speech signal and this choice is experimentally verified. Finally, the first two parameterization methods were further modified and extended appropriately for application on the speech recognition task where their superiority was proven over traditionally and widely used speech parameterization techniques based on Fourier transform. The main conclusion that resulted in the present doctoral thesis is that wavelets and specifically wavelet packet transforms can be used successfully for the tasks of speaker and speech recognition.