Background As people become more aware of environmental protection, green purchasing has gradually become a trend among consumers. Social media, as an emerging marketing approach, has also started to gain more and more companies' attention and application. Therefore, this study will explore the relationship between different types of social media and green purchasing behaviour. Purpose The aim of this paper is to explain how social media marketing (Owned Media, Earned Media and Paid Media) affects consumer' green purchasing behaviour in Chinese market. Methodology This study is based on positivism, and the researchers conducted the study through a quantitative research approach by developing a quantifiable online questionnaire and placing it on different social media platforms. The respondents of this study were in the age range of 18 to 39 years old, and they were highly followers of social media. Finally the researchers collected 264 effective questionnaires and entered them into SPSS and analyzed the data through descriptive and multiple regression analyses, KMO tests and Cronbach's Alphas. Findings The different types of social media marketing (Owned Media, Earned Media, and Paid Media) have a positive impact on Chinese consumers' green purchasing behaviour.

Since MIT launched the first OpenCourseWare (OCW) initiative in 2002, responses from the academic community have ranged from exuberance to angst. Some institutions have been reluctant to adopt a program of open publishing because of concerns about long-term funding and possible adverse effects on paid enrollment. Money is an issue, forcing some organizations that initially created OCW programs to furlough them due to funding challenges. This study examined the cost of converting online distance learning courses to OCW, the impact of opening these courses on paid enrollments, and the long-term sustainability of OCW through the generation of new paid enrollments. As part of this study, Brigham Young University's Independent Study Program (BYU IS) converted three university and three high school courses to OCW. BYU IS provided an option for OCW users to pay regular tuition and enroll in the online course for credit. The average ongoing cost to convert BYU IS courses to OCW was $284.12 per university course and $1,172.71 per high school course. The six opened courses generated 13,795 visits and 445 total paid enrollments in four months. The profit margin on the paid enrollments OCW generated was calculated to be 3.81% for open publishing to be financially self-sustaining at BYU Independent Study.

In 1974, the Swedish parental insurance, which includes remuneration in the form of parental benefit, has been statutory, and has thus existed for over 40 years. The issue of parental benefit and parental leave has to a large extent been the basis for the discussion on gender equality (Försäkringskassan, 2019). The issue of gender equality is a complex political issue, which can be described in the family sphere and how gender equality lives. It is problematic that women still take out more of parental leave than men. Who should take responsibility for the care of and households entails consequences far beyond the family sphere, especially for women's opportunities in the labor market (Statens offentliga utredningar, 2014). The purpose of this study is to examine a group's mother's reflections and experiences regarding the regulation and distribution of parental benefit in the parental insurance. What negotiations and strategies are behind the own distribution of parental benefit in their family. Women's conditions and the unequal power relations in the family sphere, ties in with how work in the home is distributed, how different tasks go to different family members, based on gender, based on different roles (Giddens & Sutton, 2014). There is a picture of the family that is constantly negotiating. An explicit negotiation is an open debate with a discussion and an active and conscious decision-making, while an implicit negotiation is concealed and unspoken. The majority of everyday decisions are unspoken, implicit (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008). The study was conducted with a qualitative interview method, in order to best capture the interviewees' subjective experiences and thoughts. Then the material has been analyzed through thematic analysis, and interpreted through the theoretical framework. The study's results showed that the distribution of parental benefit in the parental insurance among the surveyed mothers is usually based on an experience that "it just became so". Their descriptions can be interpreted as saying that the distribution has mainly been created by so-called implicit negotiations, non-decisions (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008; Ahrne & Roman, 1997). Based on routines and rituals, learned behaviors and expectations that can often be linked to notions of gender (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008). The most prominent problem that the study's results showed was the women's experience of being in a position of dependence on their partner, and a reluctance to do so. / 1974 lagstadgades den svenska föräldraförsäkringen som innefattar ersättning i form av föräldrapenning, den har alltså funnits i över 40 år.Frågan om föräldrapenning och föräldraledighet har i stor utsträckning kommit att ligga till grund för diskussionen om jämställdhet(Försäkringskassan, 2019).Jämställdhetsfrågan är en komplex politisk fråga, som kan börja beskrivas inom familjesfären och hur jämställt familjer lever. Det är problematiskt att kvinnor fortfarande tar ut mer av föräldraledigheten än män. Vem som ska ta ansvar för omsorg av och hushåll medför konsekvenser långt utanför familjesfären, framförallt för kvinnors möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden(Statens offentliga utredningar, 2014).Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en grupp mammors reflektioner och upplevelser kring regleringen och fördelningen av föräldrapenningen i föräldraförsäkringen. Vilka förhandlingar och strategier som ligger bakom den egna fördelningen av föräldrapenningen i deras familj. Kvinnors villkor och de ojämlika maktrelationerna i familjesfären, knyter an till hur arbete i hemmet fördelas, hur olika uppgifter tillfaller olika familjemedlemmar, utifrån kön, utifrån olika roller (Giddens & Sutton, 2014). Det finns en bild av familjen som ständigt förhandlande. En explicit förhandling är en öppen förhandling med en diskussionoch ett aktivt och medvetet beslutsfattande, medan en implicit förhandling sker dolt och outtalat. Majoriteten av vardagliga beslut sker outtalade, implicit (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008).Studien är genomförd med kvalitativ intervjumetod, för att på bästa sätt kunna fånga intervjupersonernas subjektiva upplevelser och tankar. Sedan har materialet analyserats genom tematisk analys, och tolkats genom det teoretiska ramverket. Studiens resultat visade att fördelningen av föräldrapenningen i föräldraförsäkringen bland det tillfrågade mammorna oftast grundar sig i en upplevelse av att ”det bara blev så”. Deras beskrivningar kan tolkas som att fördelningen framför allt har blivit till genom så kallade implicita förhandlingar, icke-beslut (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008)(Ahrne & Roman, 1997). Som baseras på rutiner och ritualer, inlärda beteenden och förväntningar som ofta kan kopplas till föreställningar om kön (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008). Den mest framträdande problematiken som studiens resultat visade, var kvinnornas upplevelse av att hamna i beroendeställning till sin partner, och en ovilja till det.

Yes / This paper argues for the need to reconsider the changing nature of in-work poverty (IWP). In doing so, we present evidence not included in current debates or statistics, of people working in more than one job, yet still experiencing IWP. Using the dynamic theory of poverty and a qualitative approach, we identify various structural constraints that sustain cycles of IWP. This highlights the multi-dimensionalities of poverty, incorporating the temporalities, types and depths of IWP. Our evidence demonstrates how poverty is experienced and individualised and also how it is created and sustained through paid work, rather than being challenged by it.

In the three chapters of my dissertation, I analyze the individual behaviors including health (vaccination and preventive care) and consumer (financial literacy) behaviors and the corresponding interventions by nonlinear econometric modeling. In the first chapter, I suggest an appropriate econometric model that investigates the effect of paid sick leave on workers' decision to receive the seasonal flu vaccination. For this investigation, I apply a Bayesian non-linear structural regression model with one-outcome and two-endogenous equations. The results of my estimation indicate that having paid sick leave affects workers' vaccination decisions differently based on their income levels. Low-income workers are willing to be vaccinated because they perceive the high cost of claiming paid sick leave. However, high-income workers are willing to be vaccinated because paid sick leave reduces the cost of vaccination for seasonal flu. In the second chapter, I suggest new econometric regression models that investigate the effect of "Don't Know" or "Refuse" (DK/RF) responses on parameter identification. I estimate the effect of group characteristics and financial education on the level of young respondents' objective financial knowledge and find the actual effects and biases by my suggested models. This study examines six questions about personal finance and selects covariates in the 2015 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). Because these questions include DK/RF responses, a simple regression model that does not consider DK/RF responses could lead to misleading conclusions, such as gender/income difference and educational effectiveness in schools. In the last chapter, I investigate the effect of three health-related interventions including a doctor's recommendation, information about human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccination, on the misuse of cervical cancer screening including too-early screening, unnecessary HPV test, annual Pap test, and no Pap smear that are not recommended for women younger than 30 years. I examine the National Health Interview Survey conducted in 2015 and applies binary and multinomial logistic regression models. From the estimation result, I observe that doctor's recommendation plays a significant role in increasing the probability of receiving cervical cancer screening while it induces the too-early screening, unnecessary HPV testing, and overuse of Pap smears. / Ph. D.

Yes / . Improving quality of life (QOL) for people with dementia is a priority. In care homes, we often rely on proxy ratings from staff and family but we do not know if, or how, they differ in care homes. Methods. We compared 1056 pairs of staff and family DEMQOL-Proxy ratings from 86 care homes across England. We explored factors associated with ratings quantitatively using multilevel modelling and, qualitatively, through thematic analysis of 12 staff and 12 relative interviews. Results. Staff and family ratings were weakly correlated (ρs = 0.35). Median staff scores were higher than family’s (104 v. 101; p < 0.001). Family were more likely than staff to rate resident QOL as ‘Poor’ (χ2 = 55.91, p < 0.001). Staff and family rated QOL higher when residents had fewer neuropsychiatric symptoms and severe dementia. Staff rated QOL higher in homes with lower staff:resident ratios and when staff were native English speakers. Family rated QOL higher when the resident had spent longer living in the care home and was a native English. Spouses rated residents’ QOL higher than other relatives. Qualitative results suggest differences arise because staff felt good care provided high QOL but families compared the present to the past. Family judgements centre on loss and are complicated by decisions about care home placement and their understandings of dementia. Conclusion. Proxy reports differ systematically between staff and family. Reports are influenced by the rater:staff and family may conceptualise QOL differently / This research was supported by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and the National Institute of Health Research Grant number NIHR/ESRC (S.R., P.R, L.M., G.L., C.C., S.C., ES/L 001780/1); the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care North Thames at Bart’s Health NHS Trust (SR, PP, GL); the UCLH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (GL, CC); and the Johns Hopkins Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (C.L., P50AG005146, PI: Albert).

Yes / This chapter is based on detailed qualitative research into the working lives of low-paid workers in multiple employment. We discuss the research design and practicalities of researching a ‘hard to reach group’ of workers. The emotive and sensitive issues that emerged for both the researchers and participants are also assessed.

Spatial externalities in transport: Prague case study Summary: This diploma thesis deals with spatial externalities in transport, namely occupation of land in the centre of Prague. It is divided into eleven chapters, which are further divided into individual subchapters. Literature review, in which the theoretical part of this work is contained, deals with the issue of externalities in transport and real estate evaluation and is listed in chapter four to seven. Practical part of thesis, which is primarily focused on quantifying and evaluating of occupation of land is contained in chapter eight. In its introduction there is also mentioned the methodology of work, including the data and programs used. Following part is a brief description of the monitored area. Based on the results of quantification and evaluation of occupation of land by the transport infrastructure there is subsequently elaborated discussion of possible use of the acquired knowledge. Ninth chapter is the conclusion in which the objectives of this work are repeated and thanks to their fulfilment also answers to the research questions that the author put in the introduction. Key words: externalities, sustainable transport, occupation of land, land evaluation, paid parking zones

This thesis focuses on work-life balance policy; one of the key field of EU gender equality policies. The purpose of this study was to analyze most recently proposed policy on work-life balance ‘An initiative to support work-life balance for working parents and carers’ that aims to upgrade existing policy and legal frameworks. The main objective of the study is to identify problem representation(s) of gender equality in the stated policy. The study objectives comprises of problematizing identified problem representation(s) by drawing attention to silences and underplayed issues including its far-reaching implications on various groups. Analysis presented in this thesis is guided by theoretical framework of poststuructural feminism chiefly through discourse analysis methodology. In that endeavor, Carol Bacchi’s ‘What’s the problem represented to be?’ (WPR) approach has been applied for discourse analysis of the policy by employing 3 out 6 postulated questions. The study identifies several problem representations of gender equality in the stated EU reconciliation policy. Among others, childcare responsibility is identified as the most dominant problem representation. Likewise, the study points out silenced issues in the policy. This includes structural challenges affecting accessibility and advancement of women in labour market, the type of work, division of unpaid work besides caring responsibilities, inequalities engendered by intersectional factors, well-being of individuals, family, children, elderly care and commitment from employing organizations. The study finally notes ensuing lived effects on women due to added responsibilities. The study analysis concludes some still present pitfalls in the modernized work-life balance policy.

Ao abordar o tema mercado sexual, destacamos a prática da prostituição como uma das principais maneiras de se inserir e atuar nesse universo. No presente trabalho voltamos o olhar para a prostituição de rua praticada por garotos de programa, com o intuito de entender e revelar subjetividades presentes nesse contexto, uma vez que, no campo da Saúde Pública, esse tema geralmente culmina em um viés epidemiológico, voltado para os riscos que correm de contraírem doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Com base nas referidas pesquisas, programas de Saúde Pública, na maioria das vezes, planejam e executam ações que entendemos como engessamento social e de saúde. Nesse sentido, contribuímos trazendo novas informações sobre o tema, oriundas da pesquisa realizada no período de 2010-2011, junto a garotos de programa da região de Osasco, Grande São Paulo/SP. Metodologicamente, contamos com contribuições de pesquisas etnográficas, destacando-se a observação-participante, o diário de campo, as entrevistas itinerantes e em profundidade. Ao longo da pesquisa emergiram categorias de análise como sexualidades, hierarquias sexuais e masculinidades. Referências de autores como Gayle Rubin, Michael Foucault e Nestor Perlongher foram fundamentais para a aproximação teórico-metodológica. Consideramos que, comparativamente ao cenário no qual estavam inseridos os garotos de programa que atuavam em São Paulo entre as décadas de 70 e 80, surgiram novos códigos e novas categorias de atuação, cujas práticas não necessariamente são interpretadas como prostituição. Nesse sentido, esses garotos não se identificam inseridos em um mercado sexual e elegem o prazer remunerado como uma nova categoria para justificar suas vivências que se dão entre a clandestinidade, as práticas homossexuais e a afirmação da masculinidade. Por último, apresentamos também suas diversidades, especificidades e enfatizamos as inúmeras violências às quais estão expostos em suas práticas sexuais e comerciais / To discuss about sex market, we focus on the prostitution practice as the primary way of enter and work in this universe. In this present study we look at the street prostitution practiced by lover boys with the intention of understand and reveal subjectivities present in this context, since, in the field of public health, this subject usually leads to an epidemiological bias, facing the risks of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Based on these cited researches, public health programs often plan and develop actions that we understand as a social and health immobilization. In order to contribute about the subject we bring new information in this research performed with lover boys from Osasco São Paulo/SP, between 2010-2011. Methodologically we have ethnographic research contributions, especially dynamic observation, field notes, itinerant and deep interviews. Some categories of analysis arose during the study as sexuality, sexual hierarchies and masculinities. Contributions of authors: Gayle Rubin, Michael Foucault and Nestor Perlongher were fundamental to the theoretical and methodological approach. We believe that compared to the lover boys who worked in São Paulo between 70s and 80s came up new codes and new categories of performance that are not necessarily interpreted as prostitution. In this sense, they do not identify themselves inserted into a sex market and choose the paid-pleasure as a new category to justify their experiences that takes place between the clandestinity, homosexual practices and the masculinity assertion. Finally, there are their diversities, specificities and countless violence which are involved during their sexual and commercial practices