This diploma thesis summarises the development of paid content of ihned.cz, on-line news server of the Czech economic daily Hospodářské noviny. It observes the influence of paywall from August 2014 until April 2015. The aim of the implementation of paywall was to show that the content created on the server was valuable. The theoretical part deals with new challenges media face, including economic and technological changes; it describes the rise of commercialization and media reaction, and solution for these changes in the form of convergence and digital-first concept. The diploma thesis is viewed through the political economy of media approach. It focuses on monetization of content, the willingness of readers to pay for on-line news, traditional and alternative revenues of media, and it describes the examples of implemented paywall in other media. In the practical part, the thesis describes how paywall influenced economic revenues, specifically the digital subscription, advertising and financial results of the publisher Economia, which is providing the server ihned.cz. In this part, the thesis describes the influence of paywall on visits, page views, real and unique users, readership, and work of journalists. The practical part of the thesis includes statistical data and reports as well as...

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-05-08T14:09:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Miranda.pdf: 5089554 bytes, checksum: e4026c46392927cf304c031a4f1d7cc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:09:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Miranda.pdf: 5089554 bytes, checksum: e4026c46392927cf304c031a4f1d7cc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nenhuma / Na atual fase da sociedade da informação, o espaço urbano e as formas comunicacionais passam por transformações importantes. As formas de conceber o espaço são consequências dos ambientes de rede, a Internet. Esta pesquisa aborda as interações e novas práticas sociais nos espaços públicos de acesso pago à Internet na zona central de Novo Hamburgo. Para isso, nasce a multietnografia, método que agrega a etnografia, fotoetnografia e netnografia simultaneamente. No campo, cafés (com wi-fi), cibercafés e lan houses, são observadas, relatadas e debatidas algumas das particularidades desses ambientes, que podem ser vistos como agregações ao ciberespaço. São mostrados exemplos concretos a partir de fotografias nos locais e anotações urbanas, descrevendo a realidade online e off-line de espaços que servem de elo entre o físico e o virtual. São ambientes onde acontecem sociabilidades contemporâneas, emergência de novas formas de socialização, novos estilos de vida e novas formas de organização social. / In the current phase of the information society, the urban space and how communication goes through major changes. The ways of designing the space are consequences of network environments, the Internet. This search discusses the interaction and new social habits in public spaces with paid access to the Internet downtown in Novo Hamburgo. For this, raises the multiethnograpy, a method that combines ethnography, photoethnography,and netnography simultaneously. In the countryside, cafes (with wi-fi), cybercafés, and lanhouses are observed, reported and discussed some of the characteristics of those places, which can be viewed as aggregations to cyberspace. Concrete examples are shown from photographs on the places, and urban notes describing the reality of online and offline spaces that serve as the link between physical and virtual. They are places where contemporary sociability happen, emerging from new forms of socialization, new lifestyles and new forms of social organization.

O presente estudo teve como objeto a prevalência e os preditores do trabalho remunerado entre indivíduos com transtorno mental, identificando-se a necessidade de estudar tal prevalência e os fatores que favorecem a inserção destes indivíduos no trabalho remunerado, em detrimento dos seus fatores de risco, considerando a sua importância na vida do indivíduo e também a relação entre o trabalho e o transtorno mental nos diferentes períodos históricos do Brasil e do mundo, sob a égide da Reabilitação Psicossocial voltada para o eixo trabalho com valor social. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e retrospectiva, com amostra de 258 fichas de admissão de pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de saúde mental do interior do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um roteiro norteador contendo informações dos aspectos sociodemográficos, situação de trabalho e aspectos clínicos dos participantes, que, posteriormente, foram submetidas a análises bivariadas, a saber, teste de Qui-Quadrado (Chi-Square test) e teste Exato de Fisher (Fisher\'s Exact test) com o objetivo de identificar a associação entre as variáveis e à análise de regressão logística múltipla, tendo como propósito identificar os fatores associados ao exercício de atividade remunerada. Os aspectos éticos das diretrizes e normas propostos pela resolução 466/ 2012 do Conselho nacional de Saúde para as pesquisas com seres humanos foram respeitados, com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo - EERP/ USP. Com relação aos resultados, 40,3% dos participantes exerciam trabalho remunerado e 59,7% não exerciam tal atividade, a maioria era do gênero feminino, tinha entre 40 e 59 anos, baixa escolaridade e não tinha companheiro. Os preditores do trabalho remunerado identificados neste estudo foram a idade mais jovem, o gênero masculino, as categorias de transtornos mentais de humor e ansiosos em detrimento dos outros tipos de transtorno e a não utilização de medicamentos antipsicóticos. Destaca-se que os preditores idade, não uso de antipsicóticos e gênero masculino provavelmente sofreram influência dos subgrupos dos indivíduos aposentados, afastados por doença ou desempregados e apenas as categorias diagnósticas não sofreram tal influência, portanto, identifica-se a importância do olhar mais cuidadoso aos indivíduos com diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais severos, estigmatizantes e incapacitantes no sentido de empreender esforços que viabilizem a inserção desses indivíduos no trabalho remunerado dentro do mercado formal, quando possível, ou em formas de trabalho protegidas / The present study had as object the prevalence and predictors of paid work among individuals with mental disorder, identifying the need to study such theme, to the detriment of its risk factors, considering its importance for the individual\'s life and under the aegis of Psychosocial Rehabilitation focused on the work with social value axis. This is a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study, with a sample of 258 admission records from patients attended at a mental health clinic in the interior of the state of Sao Paulo. Data collection was done through a guiding script containing information about sociodemographic aspects, work situation and clinical aspects of the participants, which were then submitted to bivariate analysis, as the Chi-Square test and Fisher\'s Exact test with the objective of identifying the association between the variables and the multiple logistic regression analysis, in order to identify the factors associated with paid work. The present study was approved for the Ethics and Research Committee of the Ribeirao Preto School of Nursing University of Sao Paulo. About the results, 40.3% of the participants were inserted in paid work and 59.7% did not practice this activity, the majority were female, between 40 and 59 years old, had low education and had no marital-partner. The predictors of paid work identified in this study were the younger age, the male gender, the diagnostic categories of mental disorders related to mood and anxious to the detriment of the other types of mental disorders and the non-use of antipsychotic medications. It stands out the predictors of age, non-use of antipsychotics and male gender as factors that were probably influenced by the subgroups of retired, away from work by illness or unemployed individuals and only the diagnostic categories did not suffer such influence, therefore, the importance of a more careful look to individuals with more severe, stigmatizing and incapacitating psychiatric diagnoses in the sense of undertake efforts that make possible the insertion of these individuals in paid work in the formal market, whenever possible, or in protected forms of work.

O presente estudo teve como objeto a prevalência e os preditores do trabalho remunerado entre indivíduos com transtorno mental, identificando-se a necessidade de estudar tal prevalência e os fatores que favorecem a inserção destes indivíduos no trabalho remunerado, em detrimento dos seus fatores de risco, considerando a sua importância na vida do indivíduo e também a relação entre o trabalho e o transtorno mental nos diferentes períodos históricos do Brasil e do mundo, sob a égide da Reabilitação Psicossocial voltada para o eixo trabalho com valor social. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e retrospectiva, com amostra de 258 fichas de admissão de pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de saúde mental do interior do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um roteiro norteador contendo informações dos aspectos sociodemográficos, situação de trabalho e aspectos clínicos dos participantes, que, posteriormente, foram submetidas a análises bivariadas, a saber, teste de Qui-Quadrado (Chi-Square test) e teste Exato de Fisher (Fisher\'s Exact test) com o objetivo de identificar a associação entre as variáveis e à análise de regressão logística múltipla, tendo como propósito identificar os fatores associados ao exercício de atividade remunerada. Os aspectos éticos das diretrizes e normas propostos pela resolução 466/ 2012 do Conselho nacional de Saúde para as pesquisas com seres humanos foram respeitados, com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo - EERP/ USP. Com relação aos resultados, 40,3% dos participantes exerciam trabalho remunerado e 59,7% não exerciam tal atividade, a maioria era do gênero feminino, tinha entre 40 e 59 anos, baixa escolaridade e não tinha companheiro. Os preditores do trabalho remunerado identificados neste estudo foram a idade mais jovem, o gênero masculino, as categorias de transtornos mentais de humor e ansiosos em detrimento dos outros tipos de transtorno e a não utilização de medicamentos antipsicóticos. Destaca-se que os preditores idade, não uso de antipsicóticos e gênero masculino provavelmente sofreram influência dos subgrupos dos indivíduos aposentados, afastados por doença ou desempregados e apenas as categorias diagnósticas não sofreram tal influência, portanto, identifica-se a importância do olhar mais cuidadoso aos indivíduos com diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais severos, estigmatizantes e incapacitantes no sentido de empreender esforços que viabilizem a inserção desses indivíduos no trabalho remunerado dentro do mercado formal, quando possível, ou em formas de trabalho protegidas / The present study had as object the prevalence and predictors of paid work among individuals with mental disorder, identifying the need to study such theme, to the detriment of its risk factors, considering its importance for the individual\'s life and under the aegis of Psychosocial Rehabilitation focused on the work with social value axis. This is a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective study, with a sample of 258 admission records from patients attended at a mental health clinic in the interior of the state of Sao Paulo. Data collection was done through a guiding script containing information about sociodemographic aspects, work situation and clinical aspects of the participants, which were then submitted to bivariate analysis, as the Chi-Square test and Fisher\'s Exact test with the objective of identifying the association between the variables and the multiple logistic regression analysis, in order to identify the factors associated with paid work. The present study was approved for the Ethics and Research Committee of the Ribeirao Preto School of Nursing University of Sao Paulo. About the results, 40.3% of the participants were inserted in paid work and 59.7% did not practice this activity, the majority were female, between 40 and 59 years old, had low education and had no marital-partner. The predictors of paid work identified in this study were the younger age, the male gender, the diagnostic categories of mental disorders related to mood and anxious to the detriment of the other types of mental disorders and the non-use of antipsychotic medications. It stands out the predictors of age, non-use of antipsychotics and male gender as factors that were probably influenced by the subgroups of retired, away from work by illness or unemployed individuals and only the diagnostic categories did not suffer such influence, therefore, the importance of a more careful look to individuals with more severe, stigmatizing and incapacitating psychiatric diagnoses in the sense of undertake efforts that make possible the insertion of these individuals in paid work in the formal market, whenever possible, or in protected forms of work.

<p>Undersökningens syfte är att se vilka anledningar individen har till att välja friår och hur det kopplas samman med livsformerna de lever. Syftet har också varit att se individens upplevelse av friåret och vad de använt friåret till. Undersökningen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex friårslediga. Intervjuerna har handlat om individens upplevelse av friåret och tiden före det.</p><p>Friår är en arbetsmarknadspolitisk åtgärd med målsättning att ge arbetstagare en längre ledighet från sitt arbete. Arbetslösa får samtidigt en chans att komma in på arbetsmarknaden. Friåret innebär att vara ledig från sitt arbete i tre till tolv månader för att kunna göra något annat utanför arbetsplatsen. För att kunna undersöka av vilka anledningar individen har friår och hur det kopplas med de olika sociala strukturer som villkorar människors vardag. Vi har studerat om livsformsanalysen kan användas till att beskriva, förklara och förstå skillnaderna i människors vardag. Livsformerna är sociala strukturer som villkorar människors vardag. De olika livsformsbegreppen som vi har använt oss av är arbetarlivsformen – husmorslivsformen, karriärenslivsform – representationshustrunslivsform och självständighetens livsform – medhjälperskans livsform. Det är dock vanligt att leva en blandning mellan två eller flera livsformer, det kallas en blandform.</p><p>Vi har kommit fram till att livsformerna till viss del kan kopplas samman med hur intervjupersonerna lever under sitt friår och av vilken anledning de har friår. Det visar sig i att de som använder friåret till att starta ett företag lever till stor del självständighetens livsform. Att använda friåret till utbildning kan kopplas samman med karriärens livsformer. Vidare kan vi se att karriärenslivsform kan kopplas samman med att pressen på arbetet är stor och då är rekreation under friåret vanligt. Många kvinnor lever blandformer och det gör att de har svårt att kombinera de olika arbets- och kärleksformerna. De använder friåret till att ta hand om sin familj och sig själva.</p>

Undersökningens syfte är att se vilka anledningar individen har till att välja friår och hur det kopplas samman med livsformerna de lever. Syftet har också varit att se individens upplevelse av friåret och vad de använt friåret till. Undersökningen bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex friårslediga. Intervjuerna har handlat om individens upplevelse av friåret och tiden före det. Friår är en arbetsmarknadspolitisk åtgärd med målsättning att ge arbetstagare en längre ledighet från sitt arbete. Arbetslösa får samtidigt en chans att komma in på arbetsmarknaden. Friåret innebär att vara ledig från sitt arbete i tre till tolv månader för att kunna göra något annat utanför arbetsplatsen. För att kunna undersöka av vilka anledningar individen har friår och hur det kopplas med de olika sociala strukturer som villkorar människors vardag. Vi har studerat om livsformsanalysen kan användas till att beskriva, förklara och förstå skillnaderna i människors vardag. Livsformerna är sociala strukturer som villkorar människors vardag. De olika livsformsbegreppen som vi har använt oss av är arbetarlivsformen – husmorslivsformen, karriärenslivsform – representationshustrunslivsform och självständighetens livsform – medhjälperskans livsform. Det är dock vanligt att leva en blandning mellan två eller flera livsformer, det kallas en blandform. Vi har kommit fram till att livsformerna till viss del kan kopplas samman med hur intervjupersonerna lever under sitt friår och av vilken anledning de har friår. Det visar sig i att de som använder friåret till att starta ett företag lever till stor del självständighetens livsform. Att använda friåret till utbildning kan kopplas samman med karriärens livsformer. Vidare kan vi se att karriärenslivsform kan kopplas samman med att pressen på arbetet är stor och då är rekreation under friåret vanligt. Många kvinnor lever blandformer och det gör att de har svårt att kombinera de olika arbets- och kärleksformerna. De använder friåret till att ta hand om sin familj och sig själva.

Cette étude porte sur la culture de travail des femmes qui ont été à l’emploi du grand magasin Dupuis Frères de Montréal entre 1920 et 1960. Nous nous intéressons aux particularités du travail salarié féminin dans le domaine de la vente au détail au Québec, mais aussi à la nature et à l’évolution de cette culture de travail de même qu’à ses liens avec les changements qui surviennent à l’époque dans la construction des nouvelles normes de la féminité respectable. D’une part, notre but est de montrer que pour les travailleuses de Dupuis, leur emploi leur permet de gagner leur vie certes, mais aussi de l’agrémenter, de se divertir au moyen de loisirs organisés par l’entreprise et de créer des liens entre elles. À travers la culture de travail qu’elles y développent, ces femmes se créent une identité particulière. Nous soulignons aussi que Dupuis Frères, dans un esprit paternaliste, encadre de près ses employées et exploite leur culture de travail afin de s’assurer de leur loyauté et de maintenir sa bonne réputation auprès de l’opinion publique. D’autre part, nous cherchons à prouver que même si la culture des femmes à l’emploi de Dupuis au cours de cette période est largement influencée par la domesticité et l’idéologie des sphères séparées, caractéristiques de la féminité « traditionnelle » dominante, elle intègre néanmoins de plus en plus, surtout à partir de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, de nouvelles dimensions plus « modernes » de la féminité qui ne remplacent pas l’idéal de la mère-ménagère, mais qui viennent plutôt s’y greffer et qui rendent, du coup, leur identité féminine plus complexe. / This study is about the work culture of the women who were employed by Dupuis Frères, a famous Montreal department store, between 1920 and 1960. We will focus on the features of this particular type of paid work, that is women’s work in retail in Quebec. We will also insist on the nature and evolution of that work culture and on the fact that it was influenced, during this period, by the transformations that occurred in the construction of new forms of respectable femininity. First, our goal is to show that these Dupuis Frères women employees didn’t work for the sole purpose of earning a living, but did also in order to live a more pleasant life, to entertain themselves by participating in leisure activities organized by their employer and to create new bonds among themselves. With this work culture that they developed, these women workers also created themselves a new particular identity. We also want to show that Dupuis Frères, with its paternalistic management, was controlling its employees and was exploiting their work culture to ensure the employees’ faith in them and maintain the company’s reputation. Second, we want to prove that even if the work culture of the women working at Dupuis Frères, during that period, was influenced by domesticity and the separate spheres ideology (features of the dominant « traditional » femininity), it was more and more incorporating, mostly from Second World War, new dimensions of a more « modern » femininity that were not replacing the mother-housewife ideal, but that rather were making their feminine identity more complex.

Magistro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro: įvadas, 8 skyriai, 7 poskyriai. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos, naudotos literatūros sąrašas, santrauka lietuvių ir anglų kalba bei priedai. Darbo uždaviniai: - išnagrinėti įstatymus ir kitus teisės aktus, reglamentuojančius mokamas medicinines paslaugas; - apžvelgti vaistų kompensavimo tvarką; - ištirti, kokios medicininės paslaugos, kiek jų teikiama ir kaip kinta jų apimtys dviejose Vilniaus ligoninėse; - išsiaiškinti atskirų grupių žmonių (medikų, pacientų, studentų- medikų, teisininkų) požiūrį į šiuo metu esantį sveikatos apsaugos finansavimą, dalinius mokėjimus už sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas. Metodika. Naudojantis finansinėmis ligoninių ataskaitomis, skaičiuojant kasos čekius, tirtos mokamos paslaugos ligoninėse. Atlikta anketinė respondentų apklausa. Duomenys apdoroti naudojant programas MS Excell ir SPSS for Windows 12.0. Išvados. LR įstatymuose ir kt. teisės aktuose yra aiškiai nurodyta, kada gyventojai turi mokėti už sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas ir kokios paslaugos jiems turi būti atliekamos nemokamai. Yra sukurtos gana tobulos vaistų kompensavimo metodikos, kurių pagrindinius principus būtų galima pritaikyti ir kt. medicininėms paslaugoms. Lėšos už mokamas medicinines paslaugas sudaro tik labai mažą dalį ligoninių biudžeto. Daliniai mokėjimai už sveikatos priežiūros paslaugas yra žmonėms nepatrauklūs. Labai mažai apsidraudusiųjų papildomuoju (savanoriškuoju) sveikatos draudimu. / Scientific advisor: Prof. Ass. Dr. Gediminas Černiauskas The master degree thesis consists of introduction, 8 chapters, and 7 units. Conclusions, recomendations, a list of literature, a summary in Lithuanian and English, and supplements are given in the closing part of the thesis. Goals of the thesis: - to examine laws and other legal acts regulating paid medical services, - to provide and overview of paying out compensations for expenses relating to drug acquisition; - to investigate into the range, number, and dynamics of volume of paid services provided by two hospitals in Vilnius; - to reveal the attitude of groups of people (medical people, patients, medical students, and lawyers) towards the current funding of health care system and partial payments for health care services. Methodology. Paid medical services provided by the hospitals were analysed on the basis of relevant financial statements and cash-register receipts. To reveal people’s attitude to partial payments for health services, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out. Data were processed by MS Excell and SPSS for Windows 12.0 programs. Conclusions: LR laws and other legal acts specify the cases when residents are to pay for health care services and what services are to be provided to them free of charge. Quite perfect techniques for the compensation of expenses relating to drugs’ acquisition have been developed. The basic principles of these techniques might be applied in the area of other medical... [to full text]

Šiuo metu viena iš aktualiausių temų yra aukštojo mokslo ir studijų reforma, mokamos ir nemokamos studijos. Siekiama, kad aukštasis mokslas taptų kiekvienam prieinamas. Ši tema buvo pasirinkta, nes aukštasis mokslas yra aktualus visiems, ekonomikai, visuomenei svarbu, kad kuo daugiau žmonių įgytų aukštesnį išsilavinimą, daugelis asmenų jo siekia. Kuo aukštesnis išsilavinimas, tuo didesnė nauda žmogui, nes tas, kuris išsimokslinęs, turi daugiau galimybių įsidarbinti ir gauti didesnes pajamas. Todėl normalu, kad kuo daugiau žmonių siekia aukštojo išsilavinimo. Aukštojo mokslo reforma yra siekiama padaryti mokslą kokybiškesnį, prieinamesnį Lietuvos jaunimui, atviresnį visai visuomenei, garantuoti socialinę paramą studentams, pakankamą studijų finansavimą. Aukštojo mokslo reforma būtina, nes dabartinė mokslo ir studijų sistema turi daug trūkumų. Manoma, kad pakeitus aukštojo mokslo finansavimo būdus, bus išspręsta daug aukštojo mokslo sektoriaus problemų. Dėl mokesčių už aukštąjį mokslą iškyla daug diskusijų: kas turi mokėti už studijas – studentas ar valstybė. Juk abiem pusėms svarbu, kad kuo daugiau žmonių įgytų aukštąjį išsilavinimą, tačiau valstybei nepakanka lėšų sumokėti už kiekvieno studento studijas, o studentas yra priverstas dirbti ir imti paskolą. darbo tikslas – ištirti Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo finansavimo reformos pokyčius. Iškeltam tikslui pasiekti nustatyti tokie uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo finansavimo pokyčius. 2. Sugretinti aukštojo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Currently, one of the most important topics of higher education reform, paid and unpaid study. The aim is to make higher education accessible to everyone. This theme was chosen because higher education is relevant to everyone, the economy and society it is important that more people acquire higher education, many people seek it. The higher the education, the greater the benefits for humans, because the one who educated, have more job opportunities and higher income. It is therefore normal that the more people seek higher education. Higher education reform is to make higher quality education, accessible to young people in Lithuania, a more open society as a whole, to ensure social support for students, adequate funding for education. Higher education reform is necessary because the current education system has many flaws. It is believed that changing the ways of financing higher education will solve many problems in the higher education sector. The fees for higher education there is much debate: who should pay for their studies - a student or the state. For both sides it is important that more people acquire higher education, but the state is not enough money to pay for the education of each student and the student is forced to work and take out a loan. The aim - to investigate the Lithuanian higher education funding reform changes. To achieve the aim set out the following tasks: First Examine the Lithuanian higher education funding changes. Second Juxtaposition of higher... [to full text]

Thesis (M.G.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Sociology and Gerontology, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).