This thesis is a comparative analysis between two books from the Sookie Stackhouse series by Charlaine Harris. We chose to work with book 1 - Dead Until Dark and book 10 - Dead in the Family. Our analysis is based on a gender perspective, using the litterature we present in previous research and theory. The aim for the thesis was to examine how gender and sexuality is portrayed in the books. In addition, we have looked at how the books represent gender norms in society through their characters and if named characters change throughout the series. We have applied comparative analysis and Nikolajeva's scheme on stereotypical males and females in litterature. We chose to analyse the four main characters - Sookie, Bill, Eric and Sam. In our analysis we discuss how the balance of power between the characters is portrayed as well as their gender and sexuality in relation to each other. Our analysis indicate that the characters are mainly portrayed with stereotypical gender norms and the comparison between the two books shows us no or very little development of named norms. Moreover, we observed that Sookies female gender is portrayed in relation to the three male characters, Bill, Eric and Sam. In addition, the male characters gender is also described in relation to the female character. Our analysis through Nikolajeva´s scheme depicts the characters in all categories of stereotypical gender roles. Sookie could often be categorized as a normative female whilst Bill and Eric in majority were categorized as normative males. Sams character was the only one to portray both female and male characteristics. This was depicted in both books. Further more, the male genders were portrayed similar in both books although the characters were mentioned more regularly in book 1 compared to book 10. Conclusively, we discussed how the books can be used in class to teach about gender, sexuality and norms. Lastly, we stressed what the positive and negative outcomes for teachers may be and what we think is important in class not to emulate stereotypical gender roles.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-04-25T14:22:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - André Vinícius Freire Baleeiro - 2018.pdf: 3591684 bytes, checksum: aefaee47a62e78df179a8ef1086b815d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T11:03:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - André Vinícius Freire Baleeiro - 2018.pdf: 3591684 bytes, checksum: aefaee47a62e78df179a8ef1086b815d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T11:03:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - André Vinícius Freire Baleeiro - 2018.pdf: 3591684 bytes, checksum: aefaee47a62e78df179a8ef1086b815d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Syntropic Farming is a type of agriculture that combines practices and principles that reconcile agricultural production and regeneration of forests. Some experiences and publications have tested its agronomic and economic viability besides its environmental benefits, but a very few have approached the theoretical basis that made Ernst Götsch choose the term syntropy (a complementary opposite to entropy) to name this agriculture. This dissertation reviews the scientific literature that addresses the issues raised by the creation of the term "entropy" and the consequences of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. In addition, I analyze the intersection area of Thermodynamics and Ecology, demonstrating the difficulties and potentialities of this interdisciplinary area. Finally, I highlight the coherences between Syntropic Farming and the scientific literature, some methods are pointed out due to their consonance and a hypothesis is launched to test the theoretical propositions of this agriculture. / A Agricultura Sintrópica é uma tipo de agricultura recente que reúne práticas e princípios que conciliam a produção agrícola e a regeneração das florestas. Alguns trabalhos e experiências têm demonstrado sua viabilidade Agronômica e Econômica além dos benefícios ambientais, mas poucos se aprofundaram no embasamento teórico que levou Ernst Götsch a escolher o termo sintropia (um oposto complementar à entropia) para denominar essa agricultura. Este trabalho revisa a literatura científica que aborda as questões levantadas pela criação do termo “entropia” e as consequências da Segunda Lei da Termodinâmica. Além disso, ele analisa a área de intersecção da Termodinâmica com a Ecologia, demonstrando as limitações e potencialidades desta área interdisciplinar. Por fim, as coerências entre a Agricultura Sintrópica e a literatura acadêmica Termodinâmica-Ecológica são ressaltadas, alguns métodos são apontados e uma hipótese é lançada para testar as proposições desta agricultura.

In 1974, the Swedish parental insurance, which includes remuneration in the form of parental benefit, has been statutory, and has thus existed for over 40 years. The issue of parental benefit and parental leave has to a large extent been the basis for the discussion on gender equality (Försäkringskassan, 2019). The issue of gender equality is a complex political issue, which can be described in the family sphere and how gender equality lives. It is problematic that women still take out more of parental leave than men. Who should take responsibility for the care of and households entails consequences far beyond the family sphere, especially for women's opportunities in the labor market (Statens offentliga utredningar, 2014). The purpose of this study is to examine a group's mother's reflections and experiences regarding the regulation and distribution of parental benefit in the parental insurance. What negotiations and strategies are behind the own distribution of parental benefit in their family. Women's conditions and the unequal power relations in the family sphere, ties in with how work in the home is distributed, how different tasks go to different family members, based on gender, based on different roles (Giddens & Sutton, 2014). There is a picture of the family that is constantly negotiating. An explicit negotiation is an open debate with a discussion and an active and conscious decision-making, while an implicit negotiation is concealed and unspoken. The majority of everyday decisions are unspoken, implicit (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008). The study was conducted with a qualitative interview method, in order to best capture the interviewees' subjective experiences and thoughts. Then the material has been analyzed through thematic analysis, and interpreted through the theoretical framework. The study's results showed that the distribution of parental benefit in the parental insurance among the surveyed mothers is usually based on an experience that "it just became so". Their descriptions can be interpreted as saying that the distribution has mainly been created by so-called implicit negotiations, non-decisions (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008; Ahrne & Roman, 1997). Based on routines and rituals, learned behaviors and expectations that can often be linked to notions of gender (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008). The most prominent problem that the study's results showed was the women's experience of being in a position of dependence on their partner, and a reluctance to do so. / 1974 lagstadgades den svenska föräldraförsäkringen som innefattar ersättning i form av föräldrapenning, den har alltså funnits i över 40 år.Frågan om föräldrapenning och föräldraledighet har i stor utsträckning kommit att ligga till grund för diskussionen om jämställdhet(Försäkringskassan, 2019).Jämställdhetsfrågan är en komplex politisk fråga, som kan börja beskrivas inom familjesfären och hur jämställt familjer lever. Det är problematiskt att kvinnor fortfarande tar ut mer av föräldraledigheten än män. Vem som ska ta ansvar för omsorg av och hushåll medför konsekvenser långt utanför familjesfären, framförallt för kvinnors möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden(Statens offentliga utredningar, 2014).Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en grupp mammors reflektioner och upplevelser kring regleringen och fördelningen av föräldrapenningen i föräldraförsäkringen. Vilka förhandlingar och strategier som ligger bakom den egna fördelningen av föräldrapenningen i deras familj. Kvinnors villkor och de ojämlika maktrelationerna i familjesfären, knyter an till hur arbete i hemmet fördelas, hur olika uppgifter tillfaller olika familjemedlemmar, utifrån kön, utifrån olika roller (Giddens & Sutton, 2014). Det finns en bild av familjen som ständigt förhandlande. En explicit förhandling är en öppen förhandling med en diskussionoch ett aktivt och medvetet beslutsfattande, medan en implicit förhandling sker dolt och outtalat. Majoriteten av vardagliga beslut sker outtalade, implicit (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008).Studien är genomförd med kvalitativ intervjumetod, för att på bästa sätt kunna fånga intervjupersonernas subjektiva upplevelser och tankar. Sedan har materialet analyserats genom tematisk analys, och tolkats genom det teoretiska ramverket. Studiens resultat visade att fördelningen av föräldrapenningen i föräldraförsäkringen bland det tillfrågade mammorna oftast grundar sig i en upplevelse av att ”det bara blev så”. Deras beskrivningar kan tolkas som att fördelningen framför allt har blivit till genom så kallade implicita förhandlingar, icke-beslut (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008)(Ahrne & Roman, 1997). Som baseras på rutiner och ritualer, inlärda beteenden och förväntningar som ofta kan kopplas till föreställningar om kön (Grönlund & Halleröd, 2008). Den mest framträdande problematiken som studiens resultat visade, var kvinnornas upplevelse av att hamna i beroendeställning till sin partner, och en ovilja till det.

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om personals uppfattningar av och arbete med skolbloggen i en grundsärskola med inriktning ämnesområde. Studien synliggör mönster, metoder och förhållningssätt som främjar elever med medel, måttlig och grav utvecklingsstörning till delaktighet i producering av skolbloggar. Bakgrunden till studiens inriktning utgår från egna erfarenheter och diskussioner med kurskollegor kring skolbloggens syfte och betydelse för elever inom grundsärskola. Vidare grundar sig studien på litteratur, tidigare nationell, internationell forskning samt teoretiska begrepp om delaktighet. De teoretiska begreppen som var grund för studien var Harts (1992) delaktighetsstege samt Szönyi och Söderqvist Dunkers (2015) delaktighetsmodell. Studien byggdes upp utifrån från kvalitativa metoder och bildade sedan ett frågeformulär som respondenterna fyllde i. Studien visar att det finns svårigheter för elever inom särskolan med inriktning ämnesområden att bli inkluderade och delaktiga i skolbloggen. Svårigheterna genomsyrar de tre frågeställningarna och får stöd av litteratur och forskning som berör delaktighetens komplexitet för särskolan. Det som styr skolbloggarnas syfte, personalens etiska ställningstagande och elevernas faktiska medverkan för producering av skolbloggar är personalens individuella och gemensamma förutsättningar för att förstå relevansen i etik och makt gentemot elever. / The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge of about how teachers and other staff in the schools experience and use school blogs in classes where children has learning disabilities. The study clarifies patterns, methods and approaches which promotes the participation of students with different degrees of disability in the development of the school blog. The background for the study is based on my own experiences from working with children with disabilities and their school blogs and from discussions with university colleagues. Further impact of the study is based on literature, national and international science and theoretical concepts of participation. The theoretical concepts that were included in the study was Harts (1992) participation ladder and Szönyi and Söderqvist Dunkers (2015) participation model. The study contained a questionnaire that was developed to enable qualitative analyses. The result revealed that the pupils possibility to participate in the production of the school blogg was depending on the school workers ability to handle authority and ethics. The results and previous research also shows that school blogs needs to have support from the school administration so that schools has common prerequisites for school blogs. When common prerequisites was used pupils were more involved in the school blog development.

No description available.

The role of midwife has been an integral part of the culture of childbirth in Queensland throughout its history, but it is a role that has been modified and reshaped over time. This thesis explores the factors that underpinned a crucial aspect of that modification and reshaping. Specifically, the thesis examines the factors that contributed to the statutory regulation of midwives that began in 1912 and argues that it was that event that etched the development of midwifery practice for the remainder of the twentieth century. In 1859, when Queensland seceded from New South Wales, childbirth was very much a private event that took place predominantly in the home attended by a woman who acted as midwife. In the fifty-threeyears that followed, childbirth became a medical event that was the subject of scrutiny by the medical profession and the state. The thesis argues that, the year 1912 marks the point at which the practice of midwifery by midwives in Queensland began a transition from lay practice in the home to qualified status in the hospital. In 1912, through the combined efforts of the medical profession, senior nurses and the state, midwives in Queensland were brought under the jurisdiction of the Nurses' Registration Board as "midwifery nurses". The Nurses' Registration Board was established as part of the Health Act Amendment Act of 1911. The inclusion of midwives within a regulatory authority for nurses represented the beginning of the end of midwifery practice as a discrete occupational role and marked its redefinition as a nursing specialty. It was a redefinition that suited the three major stakeholders. The medical profession perceived lay midwives to be a disjointed and uncoordinated body of women whose practice contributed to needless loss of life in childbirth. Further, lay midwives inhibited the generalist medical practitioners' access to family practice. Trained nurses looked upon midwifery as an extension of nursing and one which offered them an area in which they might specialise in order to enhance their occupational status and career prospects. The state was keen to improve birth rates and to reduce infant mortality. It was prepared to accept that the regulation of midwives under the auspices of nursing was a reasonable and proper strategy and one that might assist it to meet its objectives. It was these separate, but complementary, agendas that prompted the medical profession and the state to debate the culture of childbirth, to examine the role of midwives within it, and to support the amalgamation of nursing and midwifery practice. This thesis argues that the medical profession was the most active and persistent protagonist in the moves to limit the scope of midwives and to claim midwifery practice as a medical specialty. Through a campaign to defame midwives and to reduce their credibility as birth attendants, the medical profession enlisted the help of senior nurses and the state in order to redefine midwifery practice as a nursing role and to cultivate the notion of the midwife as a subordinate to the medical practitioner. While this thesis contests the intervention of the medical profession in the reproductive lives of women and the occupational territory of midwives, it concedes that there was a need to initiate change. Drawing on evidence submitted at Inquests into deaths associated with childbirth, the thesis illuminates a childbirth culture that was characterised by anguish and suffering and it depicts the lay midwife as a further peril to an already hazardous event that helps to explain medical intervention in childbirth and, in part, to excuse it. The strategies developed by the medical profession and the state to bring about the occupational transition of midwives from lay to qualified were based upon a conceptual unity between the work of midwives and nurses. That conceptualisation was reinforced by a practical training schedule that deployed midwives within the institution of the lying-in hospital in order to receive the formal instruction that underpinned their entitlement to inclusion on the Register of Midwifery Nurses held by the Nurses' Registration Board. The structure that was put in place in Queensland in 1912 to control and monitor the practice of midwives was consistent with the policies of other Australian states at that time. It was an arrangement that gained acceptance and strength over time so that by the end of the twentieth century, throughout Australia, the practice of midwifery by midwives was, generally, consequent upon prior qualification as a Registered Nurse. In Queensland, in the opening years of the twenty-first century, the role of midwife remains tied to that of the nurse but the balance of power has shifted from the medical profession to the nursing profession. At this time, with the exception of a small number of midwives who have acquired their qualification in midwifery from an overseas country that recognises midwifery practice as a discipline independent of nursing, the vast majority of midwives practising in Queensland do so on the basis of their registration as a nurse. Methodology This thesis explores the factors that influenced the decision to regulate midwifery practice in Queensland in 1912 and the means by which that regulation was achieved. The historical approach underpins this research. The historical approach is an inductive process that is an appropriate method to employ for several reasons. First, it assists in identifying the origins of midwifery as a social role performed by women. Second, it presents a systematic way of analysing the evidence concerning the development of the midwifery role and the status of the midwife in society. Third, it highlights the political, social and economic influences which have impacted on midwifery in the past and which have had a bearing on subsequent midwifery practice in Queensland. Fourth, the historical approach exposes important chronological elements pertaining to the research question. Finally, it assists the exposure of themes in the sources that demonstrate the behaviour of key individuals and governing authorities and their connection to the transition of midwifery from lay to qualified. Consequently, through analysing the sources and collating the emerging evidence, a cogent account of interpretations of midwifery history in Queensland may be constructed. Data collection and analysis The data collection began with secondary source material in the formative stages of the research and this provided direction for the primary sources that were later accessed. The primary source material that is employed includes testimonies submitted at Inquests into maternal and neonatal deaths; parliamentary records; legislation, government gazettes, and medical journals. The data has been analysed through an inductive process and its presentation has combined exploration and narration to produce an accurate and plausible account. The story that unfolds is complex and confusing. Its primary focus lies in ascertaining why and how midwifery practice was regulated in Queensland. The thesis therefore explores the factors that influenced the decision to regulate midwifery practice in Queensland in 1912 and the means by which that regulation was achieved. Limitations of the study The limitations of the study relate to the documentary evidence and to the cultural group that form the basis of the study. It is acknowledged that historical accounts rely upon the integrity of the historian to select and interpret the data in a fair and plausible manner. In the case of this thesis, one of its limitations is that midwives did not speak for themselves but were, instead, spoken for by medical practitioners and parliamentarians. As a consequence, the coronial and magisterial testimonies that are employed constitute a limitation in that while they reveal the ways in which lay midwifery occurred, they relate only to those childbirth events that resulted in death. Thus, they may be said to represent the minority of cases involving the lay midwife rather than to offer a broader and perhaps more balanced picture. A second limitation is that the accounts are recorded by an official such as a member of the police or of the Coroner's Office and are sanctioned by the witness with a signature or, more often, a cross. It is therefore possible that the recorder has guided these accounts and that they are not the spontaneous evidence of the witness. Those witnesses and the culture they represent are drawn predominantly from non- Indigenous working class. Thus, a third limitation is that the principal ethnic group featured in this thesis has been women of European descent who were born in Queensland or other parts of Australia. This focus has originated from the data itself and has not been contrived. However, it does impose a restriction to the scope of the study.

No description available.

Dans le but de contribuer aux connaissances sur les formes de représentation des "nouvelles élites" à l’époque précédant le règne personnel de Louis XIV, notre thèse porte sur le décor du château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, celui-ci n’ayant dans son ensemble pas encore fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie. Les vastes décors, réalisés sous la responsabilité de Charles Le Brun pour Nicolas Fouquet entre 1657 et 1661, comptent parmi les plus célèbres de l’histoire de l’art français. Cependant, leur réception a été largement influencée par un regard mythique porté au Grand Siècle et de nombreuses légendes autour de la chute de Fouquet, ce qui nécessitait une approche différenciée. La précision des fonctions d’une "maison de plaisance" et de sa perception contemporaine est suivie d’une analyse iconographique et formelle des plafonds peints, du mobilier et des sculptures ornant les façades et le jardin. S’y ajoute une étude des stratégies de transmission littéraire développées parallèlement à la genèse du château. Le concept de représentation fonctionnait sur plusieurs niveaux, poursuivant des effets visuels éblouissants ainsi que la mise en place d’une iconographie complexe. Dans un contexte de distinction et de légitimation des "nouvelles élites", une approche comparative a révélé des stratégies très variées dans ce groupe social. Dans le cas de Fouquet, l’effort pour favoriser son ascension à travers des moyens artistiques présente un leitmotiv du décor. Le manque étonnant de gestes de modestie par rapport au roi mettait à l’épreuve le décorum d’un homme d’état et démontrait l’orientation de Fouquet à l’époque des premiers ministres puissants. / With the objective to contribute to the knowledge of forms of representation pursued by rising elites in seventeenth century France, preceding the personal reign of Louis XIV, the present dissertation focuses on the decoration of the château Vaux-le-Vicomte, which has so far been inadequately examined in its entire meaning. The decoration was realized under the responsibility of Charles Le Brun from 1657 to 1661 for the surintendant des finances Nicolas Fouquet. Its history of reception has been highly marked by a mythically transfigured perception and influenced by numerous legends about the rise and fall of Fouquet, which required an abstracting approach. A closer reflection on the functions of a ›maison de plaisance‹ and its contemporary perception was followed by an iconographic and formal analysis especially of the ceiling paintings, the interior furnishings and the sculptures in the gardens. Furthermore, we explored the literary transmitting strategies developed to promote Vaux-le-Vicomte and the respective objectives of its decoration. The concept of representation appeared to be very complex, also reflecting Le Brun’s artistic ambitions as well as several contemporary theoretical debates in an academical context. Concerning the legitimizing and approval strategies of the rising elites, a comparative perspective showed their very divergent access to art as a medium of distinction. The efforts of Fouquet to promote his further ascension were decisive for the decoration of Vaux-le-Vicomte, thereby entirely lacking signs of modesty regarding the king and therefore straining the decorum appropriate for a minister.