<p>In the society of information that we live in the knowledge of computers and computer system will have a greater influence than we may think. Discrimination is no longer exclusively a term that indicates lesser understanding of different cultures, the discrimina-tion that is at hand will be between “the have and the have-nots”.</p><p>This study is about the strategic methods and considerations that is of importance for planning, organizing and finally implement the work with national computer based patient documentation. The strategic planning has been done over a period of time where different actors all had their share of influence. The cost seems to be endless since it has increased after the actual program, in this case, Cosmic from Cambio Healthcare, entered the scene of healthcare. Politicians wanted to cut the cost and increase security for patients but the scene was somewhat different from the planning. When 33 people lost their job in Uppsala and the program needed to be profiled by the users to fit each section – the protest came in a never ending flood.</p><p>The company that launched Cosmic has contract with seven districts and increasing – already looking for the European market. Politicians plan for a society with greater computer knowledge amongst the people and hope that lesser people can do the same work as today, or even more. Somehow forgetting that not everyone is used to computers, not everyone will have the chance to learn all the details in this new tool and therefore loosing the benefits from it and will be “the have-nots”. The other half of society that welcome a computerized life with high speed access to information at all time will enjoy a more controlled life, since every step of the way is watched. But at the same time they will get all the information that they want – and even more, they will explore the world if not in real – from the computer screen. They will participate in network that will help in educa-tion, knowledge, work offerings and so on. They will be “the have”.</p><p>This is a new paradigm we fly into with a strong need for new discrimination laws, the knowledge discrimination, the social discrimination and the elite way of separating worlds. It may come as a reaction to this that a concentrated centre for discrimination in Sweden are being planned for – not separate as it used to be. Since no matter what we want – the differences between knowing and not knowing will draw a new type of border between people, a border that goes straight through the united Europe, dividing people in a very unethical way – "the have" and "the have-nots".</p><p>Berit Edvinsson, Stockholm, 11th of June, 2006</p><p>kincaid@hotmail.com</p><p>Key words: strategic-organisation-implements-medical report- paradigm-discrimination</p> / <p>I det informationssamhälle som vi lever i kommer kunskapen om IT, datorer och datasystem att ha större påverkan och inflytande än vad vi tror. Diskriminering är inte längre enbart en term som visar på en mindre förståelse av skilda kulturer, den diskriminering som nu gör intåg kommer att vara mellan “the have and the have-nots”.</p><p>Denna studie handlar om de strategiska metoder och hänsynstaganden som är av vikt för planering, organisation och till slut implementering av arbetet med en nationell datajournal. Under tiden det strategiska planerandet har utförts har olika aktörer deltagit och påverkat arbetet. Kostnaderna verkar ändlösa eftersom de ökade sedan det aktuella programmet, Cosmic, från Cambio Healthcare, infördes inom vården. Politikerna ville minska kostnaderna och öka säkerheten för patienterna men resultatet blev ett annat än vad planeringen visade. När 33 personer förlorade sina arkivarbeten i Uppsala och journalprogrammet behövde anpassas av användarna för att passa den egna enheten – då kom protesterna i en aldrig sinande ström.</p><p>Företaget som marknadsförde Cosmic har kontrakt med sju län och mer kommer att följa då företaget redan planerar att marknadsföra sig på den Europeiska marknaden. Politikerna planerar för ett samhälle med ökad datakunskap bland medborgarna och hoppas att färre människor skall kunna göra samma arbete som utförs idag, kanske till och med mer. De glömmer att alla människor inte har datavana och dessa kommer inte att ha en chans att lära sig alla detaljer i detta nya verktyg och därigenom förlora alla fördelar – de blir ”the have-nots”. Den andra halvan av befolkningen som välkomnar ett databaserat liv med snabb tillgång till information vid alla tillfällen kommer att få njuta av ett mer kontrollerat liv, eftersom varje steg är bevakat. Samtidigt kommer de att få all information som de vill ha – ja, till och med mer. De kommer att utforska världen, om inte i IRL (In Real Life) så via dataskärmen. De kommer att ingå och delta i nätverk som fungerar som stöd och hjälp vid utbildning, kunskap, erhålla erbjudanden om arbete och så vidare. De kommer att vara ”the have”.</p><p>Det här är ett nytt paradigm som vi flyger in i som har ett starkt behov av nya diskrimineringslagar: kunskapsdiskrimineringen, den sociala diskrimineringen och elitens väg att separera världar. Måhända är det som en konsekvens av detta som de olika diskrimineringsombudsmännen skall samsas under ett tak och bilda en enhet, inte separata som det varit fråga om tidigare. För oavsett vad vi vill ha – så kommer skillnaderna mellan att veta och att inte veta att dra en ny typ av gräns mellan människor, en gräns som går rakt igenom det förenade Europa, och som kommer att dela människor på ett mycket oetiskt sätt i – ”the have and the have-nots”.</p><p>Berit Edvinsson, Stockholm, 11 juni, 2006</p><p>kincaid@hotmail.com</p><p>Nyckelord: strategi-organisation-implementering-datajournal-paradigm-diskriminering</p>

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Texas Christian University, 2009. / Title from dissertation title page (viewed Mar. 16, 2010). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Events that violate expectations are biologically significant and accordingly elicit various physiological responses. We investigated the functional relationship between three of these responses: the P300, the Novelty P3 and the pupil dilation response (PDR), with a particular focus on their co-variance with reaction time and measures of subsequent memory. In a modified Novelty P3 oddball paradigm, participants semantically categorized a sequence of stimuli including (1) words of a frequent category, (2) words of an infrequent category (14% of the trials) and (3) pictures of the frequent category (14% of the trials). The Novelty P3 oddball task was followed by a recall- and a recognition test. Larger amplitudes of the P300, identified by a spatial principal component analysis (PCA), were associated with enhanced subsequent recall as well as faster reaction times during the recognition test, suggesting a close relationship between the cognitive process indexed by the P300 and memory encoding. The PDR was larger for infrequents (which required a response switch) than both frequents and pictures (which did not require a switch). Furthermore, its latency was correlated with reaction time on the same trial and with reaction time on the immediately following trial. There was only weak evidence for a correlation with subsequent memory, suggesting that the cognitive process associated with the PDR might be a direct link in the stimulus-response stream. Larger Novelty P3 amplitudes were associated with both faster reaction times on the same trial and stronger memory traces, suggesting that its amplitude might index resource allocation. These findings suggest that each of the physiological responses carries a distinct functional significance in detecting, processing, or responding to novel events, and we discuss the findings in the light of the prevalent theories of the functional significance of each response.

The purpose of this study was to describe and interpret young adult ESL (English as a Second Language) students‘ participation in discussions of literature in a high-intermediate level reading classroom at a university-affiliated ELP (English Learning Program) program. Additionally, this study explored the nature and characteristics of talk generated by ESL students within the context of literature discussions. Naturalistic methods of data collection were employed in keeping with the constructivist paradigm, including classroom observations, audio and video recordings, transcripts of audio and video recordings, field notes, interviews with the teacher and students, teacher resources, and student artifacts. This naturalistic inquiry drew from qualitative traditions in its design, and the study was further guided by grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) and discourse analysis. The study findings indicated that literature discussions were structured by six stages: (1) reading at home, (2) setting up and review, (3) students redefining the tasks, vii (4) students doing the tasks, (5) sharing with the class, and (6) taking in-class quizzes. Analysis revealed that these sequenced stages that allowed for a shifting of roles and positions between the teacher and students and among students enabled students to have regular and extended opportunities for talk and interaction. The findings of the study demonstrated that the student-to-student exchanges featured more discursive talk as the students were encouraged to construct meanings collaboratively and to engage in interactive discourse with one another. The implications of these findings in terms of teaching as mediation and the nature of talk in ESL classrooms are discussed. / text

As institutional and professional journalism faces increasing uncertainty about its financial security and social influence, it is also being challenged by emerging forms of networked journalism that rely on open, network-based flows of information. In 2010, one of those networked groups, WikiLeaks, rose to prominence through a series of large, high-profile leaks of government information. Drawing on the concepts of paradigm repair and professional boundary work, this study examined the way numerous professional news organizations portrayed WikiLeaks as being beyond the bounds of professional journalism. Through a textual analysis of discourse about WikiLeaks from the group’s inception in 2006 through early 2011, the study found that the American professional news media depicted WikiLeaks as unreliable, unstable deviants who maliciously and indiscriminately released information rather than properly performing journalism. The discourse portrayed WikiLeaks as being outside journalism’s professional norms in four primary areas: institutionality, reporter-source relationships, original reporting, and objectivity. In doing so, professional journalists defended those domains against WikiLeaks’ networked alternative, reasserting their own social value and authority by arguing for the superiority of their professional journalistic model. Discourse from professional media criticism, conservative and liberal alternative news media, and European journalism was also examined, using the response to WikiLeaks to help form a a map of several areas of the journalistic sphere in terms of their adherence to the paradigmatic tenets of professional journalism. The WikiLeaks case provides a useful guide for evaluating future interactions between professional and networked journalism, particularly professional journalism’s evolving self-definition vis-à-vis its emerging networked counterpart. / text

This thesis investigated the memory skills of young adults with and without language and learning disabilities (LLD) using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott word recall paradigm (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). Three types of word lists were presented: semantic lists consisted of words that are related to a non-presented critical item (CI) (e.g., bad) in meaning (good, rotten, harmful, worse); phonological lists included words related to the CI in sound (e.g., had, lad, bat, bag); and hybrid lists included words related to the CI in both meaning and sound (e.g., good, lad, rotten, bat). Individuals with diagnoses of LLD were classified as "true LLD" or "compensated LLD" based on language test scores and a discriminating composite score, while those without LLD were considered the "typical language" (TL) group. Hypotheses were made regarding veridical recall and memory intrusions, including intrusions of the non-presented critical item (CI). For veridical recall, the compensated LLD and TL groups were expected to have higher recall accuracy than the true LLD group. As for CI intrusions, two possible outcomes were considered: the true LLD group may recall more CIs due to inability to discriminate between presented and non-presented words (Kirchner & Klatzky, 1985); or they may recall fewer CIs due to difficulties forming traces of the gist of the word list (Weekes et al., 2005). Data from 30 participants (ages 18 to 25) -- 12 true LLD, 8 compensated LLD, and 10 TL -- were included in this thesis. Results indicated that the true LLD group showed a non-significant tendency to have lower recall accuracy scores than the other two groups, and a higher number of CI intrusions. List-type also affected accuracy and CI intrusions, as semantically-related lists increased recall accuracy and hybrid semantic-phonological lists increased CI intrusions. Possible conclusions from these data are presented along with recommendations for future research. / text

This thesis is an expansion of an ongoing examination of gist and verbatim memory in young adults with language-learning disabilities (LLD) using the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995). This study uses lists based on situation semantic features in addition to DRM lists based on backwards associative strength (BAS), which were categorized as strong-, mid-, and low-BAS (Stadler, Roediger, & McDermott, 1999). Items in each list (e.g., bacon, toast, cereal, muffin) related to a non-presented word (e.g., breakfast): the critical lure (CL). BAS is a measure of the likelihood that a list item will elicit the CL. Thirty young adults participated in this study and were divided into three groups: true LLD, compensated LLD, and typically developing (TD). Participants listened to word lists and verbally recalled the words they remembered hearing. Accurate recall was an indicator of verbatim memory; CL recall was an indicator of gist memory. The true LLD group recalled CL at a significantly higher rate than the other groups in the case of the situation lists; additionally, the compensated LLD group recalled CL for the low-BAS lists at a significantly higher rate than the other groups. These findings suggest that the LLD participants may process semantic information differently or may rely on gist memory to a greater extent than the TD controls. Results also indicated list type differences for both verbatim and gist recalls, supporting the effects of both semantic features and BAS together with other factors. / text

The basis of this thesis is that weapons of mass destruction will continue to proliferate and will inevitably - given enough time- be used against civilian populations repeatedly. As this occurs the opposition between support for international law and the power of the state will intensify. This will go on for some time and will, in all probability, become extremely destructive. Eventually, however, the states (and individual people) of the world will realize that the simultaneous existence of international anarchy and weapons of mass destruction runs counter to long term human survival. This realization will , very likely, lead people to eliminate anarchy, i.e. create a world government.

This report investigated the various types of memory intrusion errors of adults with language learning disability (LLD) in comparison to age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) adults using lists that are specifically designed to induce memory intrusions adapted from Roediger and McDermott (1995) and modified by Watson et al. (2001; 2003). The 28 participants between the ages of 18:9 - 24:3 listened to pre-recorded lists of twelve words that converged on a critical lure either semantically, phonologically, or dually with a hybrid list. This report tested the hypotheses that 1) hybrid lists would be more likely to induce memory intrusions of the critical lure than either semantic or phonological lists for each group; 2) adults with LLD would demonstrate more intrusion errors than their TD counterparts; 3) the error profiles of the LLD and TD groups should be largely similar; however, the adults with LLD might show deficits in extracting the semantic gist of word lists in light of such patterns in children with specific language impairment (Sheng & McGregor, 2010a). Results showed that the hybrid lists induced the greatest number of critical lure intrusions producing a super-additive effect. Contrary to our hypothesis, the LLD group did not produce more memory intrusions than the TD group. The fact that the two groups performed similarly on all standardized measures suggests that the participants with LLD may have outgrown their disability. Results also revealed that interference and intrusions increased when there was an increase in phonological similarity among words for both groups. Lastly, our preliminary evidence suggests that adults with LLD are not as efficient as their TD counterparts at extracting the gist of semantically-related words. The inclusion of a greater number of participants may provide stronger support for the hypothesis that lexical-semantic organization is less efficient in young adults with LLD. / text

The advances in computing and communication technologies and software tools have resulted in an explosive growth in networked applications and information services that cover all aspects of our life. These services and applications are inherently complex, dynamic and heterogeneous. In a similar way, the underlying information infrastructure, e.g. the Internet, is large, complex, heterogeneous and dynamic, globally aggregating large numbers of independent computing and communication resources. The combination of the two results in application development and management complexities that break current computing paradigms, which are based on static behaviors. As a result, applications, programming environments and information infrastructures are rapidly becoming fragile, unmanageable and insecure. This has led researchers to consider alternative programming paradigms and management techniques that are based on strategies used by biological systems. Autonomic programming paradigm is inspired by the human autonomic nervous system that handles complexity, uncertainties and abnormality. The overarching goal of the autonomic programming paradigm is to help building systems and applications capable of self-management. Firstly, we investigated the large-scale scientific computing applications which generally experience different execution phases at run time and each phase has different computational, communication and storage requirements as well as different physical characteristics. In this dissertation, we present Physics Aware Optimization (PAO) paradigm that enables programmers to identify the appropriate solution methods to exploit the heterogeneity and the dynamism of the application execution states. We implement a Physics Aware Optimization Manager to exploit the PAO paradigm. On the other hand we present a self configuration paradigm based on the principles of autonomic computing that can handle efficiently complexity, dynamism and uncertainty in configuring server and networked systems and their applications. Our approach is based on making any resource/application to operate as an Autonomic Component (that means it can be self-managed component) by using our autonomic programming paradigm. Our POA technique for medical application yielded about 3X improvement of performance with 98.3% simulation accuracy compared to traditional techniques for performance optimization. Also, our Self-configuration management for power and performance management in GPU cluster demonstrated 53.7% power savings for CUDAworkload while maintaining the cluster performance within given acceptable thresholds.