Forme littéraire développée dès les débuts du IVe siècle, l’hagiographie, plus tard sanctionnée par l’Église catholique romaine, se déploie avec tout le rituel et le décorum requis par le genre institué, dévoilant les modalités du savoir et du croire qui la distingue. Cette forme fixe fut réactivée, contre toute attente, dans une somme étoffée durant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle par le Collège de ‘Pataphysique, aréopage de philosophes, littérateurs et plasticiens, qui n’est pas un conclave d’excentriques, pas davantage qu’un nouvel « isme », mais une institution qui résolument emblématise la Science. Ce réemploi générique de l’hagiographie est caractérisé par une hétérogénéité bien peu canonique s’inscrivant dans une continuité problématique par rapport au sous-texte. Une première traversée du Calendrier inviterait à croire à une entreprise parodique et iconoclaste. La parodie, qui est aussi une imitation, pose un problème de visée. Le second degré de Gérard Genette implique deux grands régimes discursifs : le sérieux (le sérieux proprement dit et le satirique) et le ludique. Ces régimes nous ont été utiles pour arrimer la question de l’humour. Il y a là en somme deux possibilités, soit la parodie sérieuse conduisant à ridiculiser l’hagiographie et le Calendrier des Saints qui seraient sérieusement visés, néantisés, tournés en dérision; soit la parodie ludique, à portée nulle, simple jeu, farce farfelue, « pour rire ». Or, nous avons tenté de démontrer dans ce mémoire que, même s’il y a lieu d’avancer des arguments en faveur de l’un et de l’autre type de parodie, le partage ne fonctionne pas, précisément peut-être parce qu’il est possible de montrer à la fois que c’est sérieux et pas sérieux. Dans un troisième temps, on peut aussi faire la démonstration que le pas-sérieux est sérieux. Les jeux de mots, d’homophonie n’engagent-ils pas le Verbe? L’imitation impossible ne réfléchit-elle pas les imitabile de la Sainte Église? La situation énonciatrice tributaire de l’hagiographie pataphysique est non différentiable d’un souci de didactisme qui place la composante moralisatrice au centre des enjeux discursifs. Elle induit de ce fait des attentes en matière d’ethos consistant à mettre au même diapason une représentation sociale de l’énonciateur et une représentation intradiscursive au ton didactique. Elle adjoint un autre ton, savant celui-là, érudit, qui vient défaire la belle convergence et fait disjoncter la rhétorique du genre. Cette rhétoricité problématique de l’hagiographie pataphysique a été abordée sous l’angle de l’ethos. L’ethos est l’instance de validation par laquelle nous renvoyons non pas au caractère de l’orateur, mais, suivant en cela Dominique Maingueneau, au type de parole engendrée par le discours et qui, en retour, rend ce discours crédible. Que devient cette instance lorsque la visée persuasive du discours est remise en question, que l’ethos se démultiplie de façon hétérogène sans véritablement assurer la cohésion du propos ni garantir sa portée? La parodie posant incidemment un problème de visée, est-ce du côté d’un ethos parodique que se trouve la réponse? Il nous a convenu de mesurer, d’articuler, de déplacer cette postulation. Nous nous sommes saisi, pour les besoins de notre argumentation, d’une discipline historiquement lourde d’investissement théorique, soit la rhétorique. Celle-ci constitue à la fois une méthode de composition d’un discours reposant sur des lieux susceptibles de susciter l’adhésion et l’émulation de l’énonciataire et une méthode d’analyse. Guidé par une définition étendue du texte, traversant les littératures non narrative et narrative, il nous a importé enfin de restituer la pratique cymbaliste à partir d’un corpus qui est resté l’apanage du « seul » pataphysicien. Nous nous sommes ainsi situé dans l’horizon plus global de la réceptivité d’un discours qui évacue l’idéologique, qui jamais ne se laisse saisir tout à fait, ni enferrer par le fétiche du sens au profit des potentialités qu’il recèle, et cela à partir d’axiomes arbitraires soumis à l’unique exigence de cohérence interne. / Hagiography, a literary form dating back to the beginnings of fourth century Christianism, and later sanctioned by the Roman Catholic Church, exhibits itself with all the ritualistic devices and decorum requisite to the genre, displaying the full intricacies of its knowledge and beliefs in the process. It was unexpectedly given new life by an extensive body of work put forth, in the second half of the 20th century, by the Collège de ‘Pataphysique (or ‘Pataphysics), a gathering of philosophical and literary minds. The Collège intended to be an institution dedicated to the emblematization of Science, something other than a conclave of eccentrics or a mere new “ism”. This generic reuse of hagiography exhibits a singular heterogeneity, which, far from being canonical, is part of a continuation, a problematic element vis-à-vis the subtext. Upon reviewing the Calendar of the Saints, one could conclude that this collective work is little more than a parodical and iconoclastic enterprise. But parody, a form of imitation, raises the issue of scope. Gérard Genette’s Second degree refers to two main types of discourse: the serious -what is serious per say and what is satirical-, and the playful. This approach proved useful when tackling the matter of humour. There are, in fact, two alternatives: serious parody, which would deride hagiography and the Calendar of the Saints, or playful parody, a simple game, a farce with no actual scope, “just for fun”. While a valuable argument can be made for either option, we will attempt to demonstrate that a distinction between the two is in fact impossible, precisely because it is possible to prove that it is both serious and not serious. Ultimately, we can also demonstrate that the not-serious is serious. After all, isn’t it true that puns and homophony both involve the Word? And doesn’t the impossible imitation reflect the imitabile of the Holy Church itself? The enunciative situation stemming from pataphysical hagiography is indistinguishable from any didactical endeavour with a moralistic component at its core. It calls for ethos, with a social representation of the enunciator as well as a didactical representation from within the discourse itself. It also takes a more scholarly tone, which disrupts the convergence and has a disjunctive effect on the rhetoric of the genre. We chose to approach the “rhetorical problem” raised by pataphysical hagiography through the notion of ethos. The ethos, as a validation premise, takes us beyond the speaker’s character, in the footsteps of the likes of Dominique Maingueneau, to the type of message stemming from the discourse, making it credible. But what becomes of this premise when the discourse’s persuasive scope is put into question? When the ethos multiplies itself, preserving neither the message’s cohesion nor its scope? If parody incidentally raises the issue of scope, does the answer lie in some form of parodical ethos? We saw fit to measure, articulate and analyse this hypothesis from different angles. For the purposes of our analysis, we took on a disciplined, rhetorical approach. Although cumbersome from a theoretical standpoint, this method for creating discourse is based on elements capable of inciting both adherence from (and emulation of) the enunciator, as well as on a method of analysis. Guided by a broader definition of the text, spanning both narrative and non-narrative literary genres, we sought to restore the cymbalistic approach from a body of work belonging solely to the pataphysician. We thus positioned ourselves in the greater setting of a discourse free of ideological considerations, that is never quite fully understood or stuck within the confines of meaning, and therefore has endless potential ; a discourse based on random axioms bound only by the requirement of internal coherence.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis proposes that California contemporary photographer Catherine Opie's Being and Having series (1991) and her Portrait series (1993-1996) parody the constraining binary gender discourse and stereotypes that emanate from it. In her art Opie uses familiar codes and identity discourses associated with traditional portrait photography and typological photographs to promote a postmodern and fluid model of gender identity. Her manipulation of photographic technique and subject matter validates cultural stereotypes of gender at the same time that it destabilizes them. Opie also simultaneously highlights fallacies such as the presumed objectivity and evidential force that is associated with the discourse of portrait photography as a documentary field. By presenting her portraits of lesbians to broad-based audiences in such a blatant and stylized manner, Opie comments on the limitations of society's continued reliance on gender non-nativity and physiognomic modes of identifying communities.

This thesis deals with the TV political satire. It characterizes the selected audio-visual session of the genre of the Czech and American productions. Programs from the Czech environment were Česká soda, S politiky netančím and Politické harašení aneb S politiky stále netančíme, 168 hodin and Kancelář Blaník. The American programs were The Daily Show, The Colbert Report and The Onion News Network. All these TV programs were initially characterized from formal and content points of view. Then, these American and Czech programs were compared from a formal point of view, for example, it refers to the use of music, language and visual comedy, parody, comedy hoax , etc. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

S’interroger sur le décor de cinéma parait ouvrir un champ de recherche illimité, surtout lorsqu’il s’agit de la création cinématographique de Stanley Kubrick. Indéniablement le décor nous transmet l'état émotif des personnages, illustre l’ambiance des séquences et est même source de jouissance esthétique. Le décor de cinéma chez Kubrick apparaît alors comme un élément prépondérant de son langage cinématographique. Certains décors de ses films font même partie de notre mémoire cinématographique collective. Parmi ses treize longs métrages, cette recherche analyse plus précisément le décor dans A Clockwork Orange / Orange mécanique  (1971), décor aussi polémique que le film lui-même. Avec une approche pluridisciplinaire : cinématographique, esthétique, sémiologique, sociologique, historique, cette recherche montre le caractère symbolique et esthétique du décor qui est lié à son aspect iconique, plastique et à son rapport à l’élément sonore du film. L’objet principal est de faire comprendre le « sens » du décor et la façon de le construire au sein du film. L’étude du décor chez Kubrick permet de connaître ses sources d’inspiration et son goût pour l’architecture, le design et les Arts. De surcroît, cette recherche atteste son caractère perfectionniste grâce auquel il est considéré comme l’un des plus grands cinéastes visionnaires de l’histoire du cinéma. / Questions on film sets always seem to open up new fields of research, especially when the film is by Stanley Kubrick. Certainly, his scenic design conveys the emotional state of the characters illustrates the atmosphere of the sequences and even arouses our aesthetic pleasure. Kubrick’s film sets are a dominating element for his film language. Many of them are a part of our collective film memory. Among his thirteen films, this research focuses on the scenic design in A Clockwork Orange / Orange mécanique ( 1971 ) which caused as much debate as the movie itself. Thank to a multidisciplinary approach: cinematography, aesthetics, semiology, sociology, and history of art, this research shows the significance and artistic value of the film sets which are linked to its iconic and plastic aspects and to its relationship with sound. The main objective is to clarify the "meaning" of the film sets and the way they are conceived within the movie. The study of the Kubrick’s film sets allows us to know his artistic tastes, his sources, classical and contemporary, of architecture, design and Arts. Furthermore, this research gives evidence of his perfectionist character, thanks to which he is considered as one of the greatest visionary filmmakers of cinema’s history.

In the tradition of academic satire, Lady Lazarus is the fictional biography of the daughter of American rock musicians. In her late teens she rises to fame as confessional poet, who, despite only publishing one collection of poems during her brief life, becomes an overnight sensation. Author Andrew Altschul is satirizing academia’s need to be a part of popular culture and in doing so, privileges the ability to use controversy and conventional beauty to sell books as opposed to creating quality art. By focusing on how the author uses Hans Robert Jauss’ horizons of expectations, unreliable narrators, anecdotes in biography and the economics of fame as a deciding factor in academia, the author has created a dense and punitive opinion of academia’s inclusion of popular culture into its world.

MASTERS FACULTY OF HUMANITIES SCHOOL OF ARTS STUDENT NO: 9910933F / This study investigates the ways in which museums are understood as texts, and how artists challenge those assumptions within their work. The extent to which parody, a central tenet of post- modern art, can be used as an effective means to challenge the hegemony of the art museum, is investigated through an analyses of artworks by Illya Kabakov and Marcel Broodthaers. The first part of the study interrogates the hegemonic function of museums, through a discussion of the central tenets of museological discourse, in order to contextualise the discussion of the artworks in question. The second part of this study includes an analysis of specific artworks by Illya Kabakov and Marcel Broodthaers, detailing the ways in which these artists parody aspects of museum practice. The concluding chapter interrogates my own artistic production in relation to this research.

Detta kandidatarbete handlar om hur ämnen som parodi, posthumanism och mytologi kan kombineras för att skapa en spelprototyp där dessa tre agerar som pelare, vare sig dessa manifesteras inom narrativet, estetiken eller mekaniken. Med hjälp av parodi som designperspektiv kan man granska ämnen som mytologi och posthumanism, för att skapa något som länkar samman dem. Denna text går igenom alla projektets utvecklingsfaser, hur själva arbetsprocessen har utvecklats och olika iterationer vi skapade för att ge en klar bild vilka tankebanor det var som ledde till vilka kreativa val och hur slutprototypen kom till. Synopsis: 300 år efter mänsklighetens förfall, världen är bebodd av monster, men en dag släpps de rastlösa själarna av mänskligheten lös, tar över monstren och gör dem mer mänskliga. / This bachelor thesis will cover how the subjects of parody, posthumanism and mythology can be combined to create a game prototype where these three serve as pillars, whether they take the form of design perspective, esthetics or mechanics. By using parody as a design perspective, one can examine subjects such as mythology and posthumanism in order to create something that connects them. This thesis will go through all the stages of development, how the working procedure has evolved and different iterations we created in order to give a clear image of which lines of thought it was that led to which creative choices and how it led to the creation of the final prototype.  Synopsis: 300 years after the fall of mankind, the world is inhabited by monsters, but one day the restless souls of humanity are unleashed, possess the monsters and make them more human.

La parodie dramatique du XVIIIe siècle est un thème qui a bien souvent été traité. Il existe en effet de nombreux travaux sur le sujet, s'attachant à aborder la question d'un point de vue littéraire ou scénique. La particularité de mes travaux réside dans l'appréhension de la discipline à laquelle ils se rattachent : la musicologie. À travers l‟analyse musicologique et la réhabilitation des airs populaires ainsi que l'étude et la classification des timbres selon leur dramaturgie, la finalité de cette thèse sera de comprendre comment les parodies sont élaborées du point de vue musical. L'étude de sources primaires a permis de théoriser la compréhension littéraire et musicale du genre. Par ailleurs, ces recherches ont donné naissance à de nouveaux outils tels qu'une typologie des timbres ou un catalogue des airs, classés par incipits métriques et rythmiques. Car finalement, la parodie est-elle un genre musical si dilettante qu'il y paraît ? Le corpus des oeuvres étudiées sera par conséquent très diversifié, les parodies ciblant en effet plusieurs genres, tels que la tragédie lyrique, le ballet, l‟opéra-comique et déjà la parodie / The dramatic parody in the XVIIIth century is a theme which has often been tackled with. Indeed, there are numerous works about this subject, approaching the question in a literary or scenic point of view. What makes my work being special is identifying the subject which it belongs: musicology. Through the musicological analysis and popular airs rehabilitation, so as the study and the classification of the timbres according to their dramaturgy, the purpose of this thesis will be to understand how the parodies are built in a musical way. The study of the primary sources made possible the theorization of the literary and the musical understanding of this genre. Besides, these researches gave birth to new tools such as a typology of timbres or a catalogue of these airs, filed in metric and rhythmic incipits. Eventually, the point is: is the parody a so dilettante musical genre as it sounds? As a consequence, the musical works studied through this corpus will be very eclectic, the parodies aiming at several genres, such as the lyric tragedy, the ballet, the comic- opera and even the parody

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a paródia e suas nuances. Através do confronto entre os personagens Jaime Bunda, da obra Jaime Bunda, o agente secreto do escritor angolano Pepetela; e James Bond, personagem das obras homônimas de Ian Fleming, no sentido de analisar como os dois personagens se entrecruzam por meio das linhas da teoria paródica. Pepetela, no seu romance, traz uma crítica ácida às condições de Angola pós-revolução utilizando-se da paródia e, também, ao parodiar James Bond com seu Jaime Bunda desconstrói o arquétipo do homem ideal, encarnado em Bond e jamais apresentado em Bunda. Nesse sentido, a paródia será decisiva para o entendimento do verso e reverso da medalha, como veremos, ao longo deste trabalho, ao confrontar os dois agentes, Bond e Bunda se distanciarem e, paradoxalmente, se alinharem, tornando-se uno nas suas histórias. / This dissertation aims to analyze the parody and its nuances. Through the confrontation between the characters Jaime Bunda, at Pepetela`s book Jaime Bunda, Secret Agent; and James Bond, and James Bond, the character of Ian Fleming\'s homonymous works to analyze how the two characters intersect through the lines of parody theory. Pepetela, in his novel, brings an acid criticism to the post-revolution conditions of Angola using the parody, and while parodying James Bond with his Jaime Bunda deconstructs the archetype of the ideal man, embodied in Bond and never presented in Bunda. In this sense, the parody will be decisive for the understanding of the verse and the reverse of the medal, as we will see, throughout this work, when confronting the two agents, Bond and Bunda distance themselves and, paradoxically, align themselves, becoming one in their stories.