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Una de las respuestas ante el caótico problema de la congestión vehicular utilizadas por varias ciudades del mundo es la implementación de sistemas de transporte masivos. Si bien tiene resultados positivos, a veces por una mala implementación del sistema los resultados no son los esperados. Esto no es ajeno a la realidad nacional, en Lima, por ejemplo, uno de los principales Corredores Complementarios (corredor rojo) viene presentando deficiencias en su operación debido a los altos índices de congestión dentro de su recorrido, demostrando que no tiene las condiciones idóneas para un buen funcionamiento. Por ello, en el presente trabajo de investigación se propone una ampliación de la Av. Javier Prado Oeste a través de la implementación de un cuarto carril de uso exclusivo para los buses ubicado a la derecha de la vía recortando el área verde central existente. Para ello se realizó la toma de datos en campo, procesamiento y análisis mediante el modelo de micro simulación en el software Vissim 9.0, el cual fue calibrado y validado mediante el indicador GEH. Se obtuvieron mejoras en la velocidad del Corredor Complementario rojo (incrementándose en 3 veces aproximadamente), longitudes de cola en las intersecciones (disminuyendo un 31% en la intersección Las Palmeras y un 52% en Las Flores) y niveles de servicio (pasando de un nivel de servicio E a D en ambas intersecciones) dentro del tramo delimitado. Esta propuesta debe ser implementada con políticas de movilidad y herramientas tecnológicas de señalización a favor del transporte público. / One of the responses to the chaotic problem of traffic congestion used by various cities around the world is the implementation of mass transportation systems. Although it has positive results, sometimes due to a bad implementation of the system the results are not as expected. This is not alien to the national reality, in Lima, for example, one of the main Complementary Corridors (red corridor) has been presenting deficiencies in its operation due to the high rates of congestion within its route, showing that it does not have the ideal conditions. for good operation. For this reason, in this research work an extension of Av. Javier Prado Oeste is proposed through the implementation of a fourth lane for exclusive use of buses located to the right of the road, cutting the existing central green area. For this, data collection, processing and analysis were carried out in the field using the micro simulation model in Vissim 9.0 software, which was calibrated and validated using the GEH indicator. Improvements were obtained in the speed of the Red Complementary Corridor (increasing by approximately 3 times), queue lengths at the intersections (decreasing by 31% at the Las Palmeras intersection and by 52% at Las Flores) and service levels (going from a service level E to D at both intersections) within the delimited section. This proposal must be implemented with mobility policies and technological signaling tools in favor of public transport. / Tesis

Series compensation is extensively applied to the transmission lines to increase the power transfer capability of transmission lines, reduce transmission losses, improve voltage profiles, and improve power oscillation damping and transient stability of power systems. But it modifies the apparent impedance of the transmission lines during fault conditions and might cause the distance protection of transmission lines to encounter directional discrimination issues and reach problems. The non-linear characteristic of metal oxide varistor in series compensation model creates further complexity to the fault analysis and might affects the performance of conventional distance protection scheme. The distance protection issues in the series compensated lines need to be addressed for the reliable and sustainable operation of power system.The directional discrimination issues related to current inversion and voltage inversion phenomenon, and reach problems related to sub-synchronous oscillation phenomenon are addressed in this thesis report. This report aims to analyse the impacts of series compensation on the performance of conventional distance relays, and proposes a new protection solution to mitigate the shortcomings of distance relays in the series compensated lines. The proposed new protection solution includes: new tripping characteristic of quadrilateral distance relays to cope with the steady-state reach problems due to current or voltage inversion, and a new high-pass filtering technique to handle the transient reach problems due to SSO.The proposed new protection algorithm is developed in MATLAB. The performance of new protection algorithm is evaluated by simulating a 500 kV two-source power system with a 200 km series compensated line in EMTDC/ PSCAD (Manitoba Hydro). The proposed new protection solution is found to be beneficial. / Seriekompensation tillämpas i stor utsträckning på överföringsledningarna för att öka överföringsförmågan hos överföringsledningar, minska överföringsförluster, förbättra spänningsprofiler och förbättra effektdämpning och övergående stabilitet hos elsystem. Men det ändrar transmissionslinjernas uppenbara impedans under felförhållanden och kan orsaka att distansskydd för överföringsledningarna stöter på diskrimineringsproblem och uppnår problem. Den icke-linjära egenskapen hos metalloxidvaristor i seriekompensationsmodell skapar ytterligare komplexitet för felanalysen och kan påverka prestandan hos konventionella distansskyddssystem. Distansskydd problemen i seriekompenserade linjer måste lösas för en pålitlig och hållbar drift av elsystemet. De riktningsdiskrimineringsproblem som är relaterade till det aktuella inversions- och spänningsinversionsfenomenet och uppnår problem relaterade till subsynkron oscillationsfenomen tas upp i denna avhandlingsrapport. Denna rapport syftar till att analysera effekterna av seriekompensation för prestanda hos konventionella distansreläer och föreslår en ny skyddslösning för att mildra bristerna i distansreläerna i seriekompenserade linjer. Den föreslagna nya skyddslösningen innefattar: Ny utlösningskaraktäristik för fyrsidig distansreläer för att klara avståndet med stillastående / räckvidden på grund av ström- eller spänningsinversion och en ny högpassfiltreringsteknik för hantering av övergående över- Nå problem på grund av SSO. Den föreslagna nya skyddsalgoritmen har utvecklats i MATLAB. Utförandet av den nya skyddsalgoritmen utvärderas genom simulering av ett 500 kV två-källa kraftverk med en 200 km serie kompenserad linje i EMTDC / PSCAD (Manitoba Hydro). Den föreslagna nya skyddslösningen har visat sig vara fördelaktig.

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The diplomma thesis is dealing with possibilities of Signal to noise ratio measurement by method, which is based on direct measurement. It is chosen the most suitable method – signal and noise separation to two different parallel signal branches, where is measured signal strength in one branch and root mean square value in the other. The thesis is consisted of a concept of detail block scheme of Signal to noise ratio meter, which was designed in terms of theoretical knowledge. Particular functional blocks were circuit-designed, the active and passive parts were chosen and their function were described. There were made simulation and displayed input and output time flows. There is designed the whole connection of engineered Signal to noise ratio meter in the last part of my thesis. The double-sided board of printed circuit is contained too. It was created simple programme for supervisor micro-processor. Thereby were constructed complete bases for realization.

In neural implants and biohybrid research systems, the integration of electrode recording and stimulation front-ends with pre-processing circuitry promises a drastic increase in real-time capabilities [1,6]. In our proposed neural recording system, constant sampling with a bandwidth of 9.8kHz yields 6.73μV input-referred noise (IRN) at a power-per-channel of 0.34μW for the time-continuous ΔΣ−modulator, and 0.52μW for the digital filters and spike detectors. We introduce dynamic current/bandwidth selection at the ΔΣ and digital filter to reduce recording bandwidth at the absence of spikes (i.e. local field potentials). This is controlled by a two-level spike detection and adjusted by adaptive threshold estimation (ATE). Dynamic bandwidth selection reduces power by 53.7%, increasing the available channel count at a low heat dissipation. Adaptive back-gate voltage tuning (ABGVT) compensates for PVT variation in subthreshold circuits. This allows 1.8V input/output (IO) devices to operate at 0.4V supply voltage robustly. The proposed 64-channel neural recording system moreover includes a 16-channel adaptive compression engine (ACE) and an 8-channel on-chip current stimulator at 3.3V. The stimulator supports field-shaping approaches, promising increased selectivity in future research.

This thesis describes the design of the universal assembler that represents a part of the Lissom project. You will be provided with the description of the assembler architectures and their usual tasks. Special attention is paid to GNU assembler. Designed assembler consists of the fixed and the generated part. The generated part is created automatically from the description of instruction set, that is defined using architecture and instructions set description language ISAC. Using this approach, it is possible to change assembler target architecture automatically. The second part of thesis describes the Parserlib2 library implementation that is a part of the Lissom project and provides the information about the target instruction set for an assembler generator.

In South Africa, the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) has shown the lowest matriculation pass rates for most of 1994 to 2002. This has led to great academic and media focus on the managerial and leadership role of school principals, which became the inspiration for this education management study. The researcher investigated a school principal's efficiency and effectiveness in a school system, and the detrimental impact on learner academic achievement should these vital skills be lacking. Thus, the role of the school principals at schools with low matriculation pass rates was probed to reveal shortcomings in the level of their commitment, and how these could be rectified. The researcher completed a qualitative research study at four schools with low matriculation pass rates in the Eastern Cape Province. The empirical study confirmed that learners at many schools with low matriculation pass rates are subjected to poor infrastructure and overcrowding. Furthermore, the school principals did not create school atmospheres conducive to teaching and learning, and neglected to foster open communication between the school stakeholders. The study found that the school principal's management and leadership role was not based on the belief that all learners are worthy of being taught under the best possible educational conditions. The teachers are required to promote learner academic interests, made possible through efficient classroom management, to sustain teacher quality, and to ensure learner academic achievement, yet they are subjected to poor working environments and ill-disciplined learners. This study nevertheless emphasises that all school stakeholders are accountable for low matriculation pass rates, but that it is the responsibility of the school principals to institute corrective measures. It highlights that parents can enhance learner academic progress through their active involvement in their children's learning process and the provision of home environments conducive to learning. There is a need to guide school principals and school stakeholders to make every educational effort to improve the current low matriculation pass rates in the ECP. Relevant recommendations and a suggested model to rectify the situation are proposed to ensure that all learners receive the quality of education they deserve. / Faculty of Education / D.Ed. (Teacher Education)

The school effectiveness, the school's ability to deliver (produce results), and the improvement of the matriculation (Grade 12) results in the Limpopo Province has been a priority ever since the new democratic government took over in 1994. The Limpopo Province has always scored lower than all the other nine provinces in the country in the matriculation (Grade 12) results. Among the reasons given as contributing to this state of affairs, was the ineffective way of governing and administering schools. This research investigated the development of the school governing structures in the Limpopo Province. The focus was mainly on revealing the nature of the school governing structures that existed in the province and how those governing structures influenced the overall performance of the schools. The researcher found that the most suitable school governing structures for the Limpopo Province schools are those that will provide parents with more meaningful participation in the education of their children and will inculcate democracy in the governance of schools. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (History of Education)